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Boundaries
&
Design for Safety
Shock
Flash
70E-2000 P. 10-11
Equipment
Flash
Flash Protection
Protection Boundary
Boundary (FPB)
(FPB)
Must
Must wear
wear appropriate
appropriate PPE
PPE
FPB
FPB dependent
dependent on
on fault
fault level
level and
and time
time duration.
duration.
Test 4
Test 3
Test 1
26.7 in.
3.74 in.
1.61 in.
640 A
Non
CurrentLimiting OCPD
6 cycles open
601 A
Current-
Limiting OCPD
30 A
CurrentLimiting OCPD
Safety BASICsTM
Current-Limitation - Arc-Energy Reduction
Test 4
Test 3
Non-Current Limiting
Test 1
70E-2000 P. 50
Flash Hazard
How?
1. Determine Flash Protection Boundary:
Calculate using Isca & clearing time
(or use tables - many qualifiers)
(or default to four feet - 600 V or less)
2. Determine the Personnel Protective Equipment :
A. Calculate incident energy exposure level for
distance of workers face and chest from the
possible arc source (18 typical - considers the
head and torso but not the hands and arms).
B. Select appropriate PPE for incident energy.
Answer
DC = 3 ft
Answer
DC = .23 ft
Incident Energy
To select proper Personal
Protective Equipment (PPE),
calculate incident energy. This is
a measure of the thermal energy
at a specific distance from the arc
flash.
Units: calories per cm2
Second Degree
Burn Threshold
1.2 cal/cm2
Note: medical treatment may still be required if bare
skin is exposed to this level of flash - full recovery to be
expected.
Answer
EMB = 10.92 cal/cm2
Answer
EMB < .17 cal/cm2
Therefore, incident energy for this case at 6000 A letthru is much less than .17 cal/cm2.
Incident
Energy
@ 18 inches
36 inches
10.92 cal/cm2
Example 1
non current- limiting
6 cycle opening
Example 2
current-limiting
1/4 cycle clearing
2.76 inches
Less than
.17 cal/cm2
70E-2000 P. 50
70E-2000 P. 50
70E-2000 P. 50
seconds
Safety Basics
TIME (Seconds)
.0083-.0167
STD Setting
.033
STD Setting
05
STD Setting
.
004-.008
General Design
Specify Insulated Bus
Reduces Chance
Self Extinguish (600V and
below)
General Design
General Design
Isolate the Circuit
Disconnects capable of Lockout/Tagout
In Sight Motor Disconnects
Selectively Coordinated overcurrent
protection
General Design
Motor Disconnects Within Sight
Can
Lock
Open
Barrier, Wall or
Isle with an
obstruction
Combination
Controller
General Design
Safety Basics
IP
International Protection
Protection against solid objects
2 - 12mm (finger)
Protection against liquids
0 - no protection
IEC60529
General Design
1200A
Typical 1200A
MCC
Split Large
Feeder
MCC
General Design
600A
600A
MCC
MCC
M
Reduces Wire
Size
Reduces OCPD
Size
Reduces Short
Circuit Current
Current-limiting Circuit
Breakers
Current-limiting Fuses
50 KA Available
50 KA Available
Class L
1200A
Class RK1
600A
23 KA Let Through
15 KA Let Through
50 HP 480V
FLA = 65A
Work Design
Safety Principles
Safety Principles
Hazard/Risk Analysis
Safety Basics
110.16
2002 NEC New Arc Flash
Hazard Marking Requirement
WARNING
WARNING
WARNING