Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
WEATHERPROOFING
MATERIALS
NITYA JOIS
PARVATI VIJAYKUMAR
POOJA PATEL
POOJA KOTHARI
POOJITHA.R
PRIYANKA IYER
WATERPROOFING
Waterproofing can be defined as treatments to the surface with a
substance, which will prevent water from going through it.
Waterproofing prevents the entrance of water that is under pressure
by
forming a continuous membrane around walls, through concrete
footings
and under concrete floor slabs.
There are lots of conventional and unconventional methods practiced
for waterproofing in construction field. Old methods like brick bat
cobba, cementlime based treatments, bituminous coatings are still
practiced successfully. But the development of modern construction
material and technology, the concept of waterproofing has changed
tremendously. Nowadays integral waterproofing compounds are
admixed into the plastic concrete.These materials impart water
repelling (damp-proofing) to concrete, may reduce moisture
migration
TYPES OF WATERPROOFING
MEMBRANES
There are generally two types of waterproofing membranes - sheet membranes
and liquid membranes. The nature of the problem to be addressed determines
which type of membrane to be used.
SHEET MEMBRANES:
The purpose of sheeting membrane is to completely cover any imperfections in
the substrate or background. They are numerous and include:
Metal sheets in the form of lead, copper or stainless steel flashing or trays.
Multilayer bituminous paper system with gravel topping for protection.
Butyl rubber sheeting
Semi-rigid asbestos asphalt sheeting
Bitumen/polyethylene sheets
E.P.D.M. Ethylene propylene Diene Monomer
Chlorosulphanated rubber (Hypalon)
PVC Polyvinylchloride
Neoprene rubber
Torch-on sheeting consist of layers of polypropylene bitumen modified.
LIQUID MEMBRANES
The liquid applied membrane provides a fully bonded, continuous se
homogenous layer with no laps or joins which is a major advantage
sheeting
membranes. Some of the liquid membranes available are:
Mastic asphalt
Two components polyurethane tar modified
Two components tar epoxies modified
Single pack moisture curing polyurethane
Water based epoxy two part for hydrostatic pressure
situations
Polyester resin two parts reinforced wit fibreglass matt
Flexible epoxy resin two parts
Bitumen latex modified single pack
Acrylic co-polymer water based single part
Acrylic co-polymer cement modified two components
WATERPROOFING
MATERIALS
Some of the widely used materials are :
-
RUBBERIZED ASPHALT
MEMBRANE
The self-adhering rubberized asphalt
membrane is the most commonly used
waterproofing material.
This membrane forms a tough, flexible,
thick waterproof material.
Its rubber-like properties provide a
self-healing character which help
ensure waterproofing integrity.
It is an elastomeric sheet membrane designed to waterproof
masonry, concrete and wood surfaces, vertically and horizontally,
above and below grade.
It is composed of a refined asphalts, synthetic rubber and mineral
stabilizers.
It is modified with additives to promote adhesion and improve low
temperature flexibility.
BENTONITE CLAY
Bentonite, technically referred to as
sodium bentonite, is a clay formed from
decomposed volcanic ash, with a high content
of the mineral montmorillonite.
The clay is mined, dried, ground, and sized
to provide a finely divided, free-flowing
material that will swell to form a waterproof
barrier the consistency of heavy grease
when in contact with water.
It can absorb large amounts of water, which causes it to swell many
times its original volume, forming a waterproof barrier.
The dried, finely ground particles are usually applied as a waterproofing
membrane in three ways:
1. Bentonite panels
2. Sprayed bentonite
3. Bentonite sand mixture
ASPHALT
MASTIC
Mastics are urethanes modified with
various polymers to make them flexible.
It is dispensed from a caulking gun with
sort of clay-like consistency.
There is a variety of solvent-based
mastic waterproofing compounds.
-thick mastic
-semisolid mastic
-spray mastic.
They give waterproofing properties to interior and exterior above-grade
and below-grade surfaces.
They are used on metal to prevent corrosion.
These are cold-applied, usually by rolling or troweling
Mastics are easy to apply, but there is evidence that they become brittle
and lose their effectiveness more quickly than asphalt.
They are made up of asphalt, bitumen, petroleum, oil and other
compounds
BITUMINOUS FELTS
Bitumen(Asphalt) is a mixed substance made up of organic
liquids that are
highly sticky, viscous and waterproof.
This felts are generally applied as waterproofing elements for
old roofs
showing signs of leakage
This is a flexible material.
It is easy to lay and is available in
rolls of normal wall width.
It is laid on a layer of cement mortar.
An overlap of 100 mm is provided at
the joints and full overlap isprovided at all corners.
The laps may be sealed with bituminous if necessary. The
bitumen felt
can accommodate slight movement.But it is liable to squeeze
out under
WATERPROOFING FOR
BASEMENTS
Tanked Protection
These types of system are designed to wholly
prevent physical
ground water from penetrating the structural walls
and floors.
Typical products used to provide this protection are
liquid
applied membranes such as epoxy or bitumous TANKED
PROTECTION
products,
self- adhesive sheet systems and cementitious
compounds.
Integral Protection
This form of waterproofing relies upon the
structure itself to
form a water resistant shell to resist ground water
INTEGRAL PROTECTION
penetration. Typically these forms are constructed
Drained Protection
The principle of this form of waterproofing is to allow
ground water to penetrate the structure so not to allow
hydrostatic pressure build up.
This method manages penetrating water by
guiding it to an internal drainage system via a
sealed isolating dimpled sheet membrane
and directing it to a suitable discharge point
outside of the building.
The correct design of the drainage system Is critical to its
success.
WEATHERPROOFING
Weatherproofing can be defined as treatment to the surface to prevent it
from weather conditions
Building performance is dependent on the ability of the envelope or skin
of the building to successfully prevent the ingress of inclement weather,
atmospheric contamination such as CO2 emissions, and chemical attack
from a variety of sources such as salts from entering the structure.
One critical element in maintaining a weatherproof building is the
performance of joints in the buildings.
All buildings require joints, and how you seal these joints will be
important in determining the overall performance and durability of the
structure.
Flashingrefers to thin pieces of impervious material installed to prevent
the passage of water into a structure from a joint or as part of a weather
resistant barrier(WRB) system.
SILL FLASHING:
It is a concealed flashing placed under
windows or door thresholds to prevent
water from entering a wall at those points.
ROOF PENETRATION FLASHING:
They are used to water proof pipes,
supports, cables , and all roof protrusions.
stainless steel penetration flashings have
proven to be the longest lasting and most
reliable roof flashing type.
CHIMNEY FLASHING:
It is a construction detail used to seal and
protect the joints between a buildings roof
And chimney from water penetration.
Flashing is used at these intersections to
Keep rainwater from leaking into the
building
MATERIALS USED IN
WEATHERPROOFING/FLASHING
SHEET METALS
Zinc coated: Zinc, an effective galvanizing agent, protects the metal from
corroding for a time, but eventually the zinc and then the metal flashing does
corrode.
Field handling and bending can crack
the zinc film too.
A minimum thickness for this type of flashing
should be about 15 mils (0.38 mm).
Its durability depends on the thickness
of the zinc film. Flashing with thicker zinc coatings lasts longer
Copper: It is moderately priced, a superb moisture barrier, and resists the
alkalies in fresh mortar . It also is una ffected by low temperatures and rough
handling. Copper flashings are available in 3- ounce sheets.
They usually are laminated on both sides with a dense film of polyethylene.
This film adds waterproofing and a protective layer that eliminates staining
of masonry that could occur if exposed copper were used.
COMBINATION MATERIALS:
Combining different materials can produce a moderately priced
flashing with good properties. Some of the most common flashing
combinations are sheet metals coated with a flexible compound.
One type combines glass fiber or a cotton fabric with a bituminous
Compound that is bonded (using heat and pressure) to a 1- to 3ounce
sheet of copper or a combination of copper and lead sheets. This
forms
a waterproof membrane that resists alkalies and acids.
Another type of flashing consists of textured, waterproofed, creped
kraft paper bonded to copper or lead sheet metals with asphalt and
reinforced with glass fiber.
These types of combination flashings have life spans similar to those
o
sheet metal flashings.
A third type of combination flashing is made of a metal foil coated
with
a polyester film that is reinforced with a glass fiber mesh. The
material
SEALANTS:
Silicone sealants can be formulated to adhere to all common
building facade materials, including concrete, natural stone,
brick, aluminum, steel and glass.
Silicone sealants can be formulated to be high-modulus structural
adhesives or low-modulus, high-movement weatherseal sealants.
Silicone sealants are inherently resistant to damaging ultraviolet
(UV) light from sun, and, when cured, silicone sealants are stable
in temperatures from -40C to 150C.
Silicone sealants can also be formulated to have reduced dirt
accumulation and be nonstaining on sensitive porous substrates
such as marble or granite.
PROPERTIES OF SEALANTS
Sealants serve the purpose of filling the joint to stop water
and air
infiltration.
The sealant must function to allow the facade elements to
move
freely, so the sealant must be flexible.
The sealant must also be able to adhere to the joint surfaces
as it is
being deformed during movement.
Additionally, the sealant must maintain a reasonable level of
durability since most buildings are exposed to UV light, heat,
cold,
moisture and other environmental factors.
CONCLUSION
The awareness and understanding of waterproofing and
weatherproofing
has grown significantly over the last decade.
More and more people are recognising the important role that
waterproofing and weatherproofing plays in today's building industry.
Waterproofing and weatherproofing is a critical component of any
building structure.
For every space where waterproofing or weatherproofing is required
proper material should be selected deending upon the characteristic
of the
space needing waterproofing and weatherprofing
The ramifications of failing to weatherproofing, or waterproofing
inadequately can be horrendous.
THANK YOU