Free Will

Definition

This axiom means humans ability to act without external

coercion within the parameters of ALLAHs creation and
as ALLAHs trustee on earth.
To a certain degree, man has been granted the free will
to steer his own life as Allahs vicegerent on earth.
Quran 2:30
Notwithstanding the fact that he completely regulated by
the law governing Allahs creation, he has been endowed
with the ability to think and form judgment, to adopt
whatever course of life he wishes and, most importantly,
to act in accordance with whatever code of conduct he
chooses.

The application of the Free Will

Axiom to Business Ethics

A muslim

will honour all contracts.

A muslim must curb his free will to act
according to the moral code laid out by
ALLAH.
Islam rejects the principle of laisses faire
and the Western reliance on the concept
of the Invisible Hand.

The application of the Free Will

Axiom to Business Ethics

O you who believe! Fulfill (all) obligations.

Quran 5:1
As Yusuf Ali suggest, the word uqud is multidimensional
construct.
It implies:
The divine obligation that spring our spiritual nature and
our relation to Allah.
Our social obligations such as marriage contract
Our political obligations such as treaty, and
Our business obligations such as a formal contract to
perform certain task or a tacit contract to treat our
employees decently.

Islamic Ethical Philosophy

Equilibrium

Equilibrium
Equlibrium,

or adl, describes the

horizontal dimension of Islam, and relates
to the all-embracing harmony in the
universe. The law and order that we see in
the universe reflects this delicate balance.

As Allah says,
Lo! We have create every thing by measure.
The property of equilibrium is more than a
characteristic which each Muslim must strive
for in his or her life. The need for balance
and equilibrium is stressed by Allah when He
labels the Muslim ummah as ummatun
wasatun.

To maintain a sense of balance between

those who have and those who have not ,
Allah stresses the importance of giving and
condemns the practice of conspicuous
consumption:
And spend of your substance in the cause of
Allah. And make not your own hands
contribute to (your) destruction; But do good;
for Allah loves those who do good.

Simultaneously, Allah is not urging extreme

asceticism. Balance and moderation are key; He
describes those who will be rewarded with the
highest place in heaven as:
Those who, when they spend, are not extravagant
and not niggardly, but hold a just (balance) between
those two extremes; Those who invoke not with
Allah, any other god, []; those who witness no
falsehood and, if they pass by futility, they pass by it
with honorable (avoidance); those who, when they
are admonished with the signs of their Lord, droop
not down at them as if they were deaf or blind: [..]

Application of the Equilibrium

Axiom to Business Ethics.
The

principle of equilibrium or balance applies

both figuratively and literally business. For
example, Allah admonishes Muslim
businessmen to:
Give full measure when you measure and weigh with
a balance that is straight: that is the most fitting and
the most advantageous in the final determination.

It is interesting that another meaning of adl is justice

and equity. A balanced transaction is also equitable
and just. The Quran uses the term adl in this
sense. Overall, Islam does not aim to create a
society of martyr-like merchants, doing business for
purely philanthropic reason. Instead Islam wants to
curb mans propensity for covetousness and his love
for possessions.
As a result, miserliness and a spendthrift mode of
conduct have both been condemned in the Quran
and in the Hadith.

unity

Definition

This axiom means the unity is related to the concept of tawhid. The
political, economic, social, and religious aspects of mans life form a
homogeneous whole, which is consistent from within, as well as
integrated with the vast universe without. This is the vertical dimension
of Islam.

 The

axiom of unity has lasting effects on the

Muslim :-

1)

Since a Muslim looks upon everything in the world

belonging to Allah, the same Lord to Whom he himself
belongs, he cannot be biased in his thinking and
behavior. His vision is wider, and his sense of service is
not restricted to any specific sphere or group. Ay thought
of racism or caste system is inconsistent with his
thinking.

2)

Since Only Allah is all powerful and omniscient, the

Muslim is indifferent to, independent of, and fearless of,
all powers other than Him. He is not overawed by
anybodys greatness, and will not allow himself to be
coerced into performing unethical acts by anybody.
Since Allah Subbhanahu wa taala can take away just
as He can give, the Muslim will be humble and modest.

3)

Since he is convinced that only Allah Subhanahu wa

taala can help him, he never despairs of Allahs Help
and Mercy. No man or animal has the power to deprive
him of his life before his appointed time; Allah only has
the power to take away his life. He will act bravely in
doing what is ethical and Islamic.

4)

The most important effect of la ilaha illa Allah is that the

Muslim will obey and observe Allahs law. He believes
that Allah knows everything open or hidden, and that he
cannot hide anything, intention or act from his Lord.
Consequently, he will avoid what is forbidden, and
engage in what is good.

The application of the Unity

Axiom to Business Ethics

A Muslim will not discriminate among his employees,

suppliers, buyers, or any other stake-holder on the basis
of race, color, sex, or religion. This is consistent with
Allahs purpose for creating mankind:

O mankind! Lo! We have created you male and

female, and have made you nations and tribes,
that you may know one another.

The application of the Unity

Axiom to Business Ethics

A Muslim will not be coerced into unethical practices,

since he has only Allah to fear and love. He follows the
same, unified code of behavior whether he is in the
mosque, earning a living or acting out other aspects of
his life. He will be content.

Say : Lo! My worship and my sacrifice and my

living and my dying are all for Allah, Lord of the
Worlds.

The application of the Unity

Axiom to Business Ethics

A Muslim will not hoard his wealth avariciously. The

concept of amanah or trust is of critical importance to
him because he knows that any worldly merit is
transient, and must be used widely. A Muslim will not
solely guided by profits, and is not seeking to
accumulate wealth at any cost. He realizes that :

Wealth and sons are allurements of the life of this

world; but things that endure good deeds are best
in the sight of your Lord, as rewards, and best as
(the foundation for) hopes.

Thank you
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