Lathe

Machine

INTRODUCTION
Accurate and versatile machine
Operations
Turning, tapering, form turning, threading, facing, drilling, boring,
knurling, screw thread and cutting taper turning.
The main function of a lathe is to remove metal from a job to give it
the required shape and size.
The job is securely and rigidly held in the chuck or in between
centers on the lathe machine and then turn it against a single point
cutting tool which will remove metal from the job in the form of chips.

Lathe Size

Lathe Size

Lathe Size

Lathe Size

Parts of the Lathe

Headstock

Tailstock

Bed

Quick
Change
Gearbox

Carriage
7

Lathe Bed
The bed is a heavy ,rugged casting made to
support the working parts of the lathe

Headstock

The headstock is clamped on the left

hand side of the bed.
The headstock spindle, a hollow
cylindrical bar supported by bearings,
provides a drive through gears or pulleys
from the motor to work holding devices.
9

Quick-Change Gearbox
Contains number of different-size
gears
Provides feed rod and lead-screw with
various speeds for turning and threadcutting operations
Feed rod advances carriage when
automatic feed lever engaged
Lead screw advances the carriage for
thread-cutting operations when split-nut
lever engaged
10

Quick-Change Gearbox

Top View

11

Carriage

12

Carriage

13

Cross-slide
Mounted on top of saddle
Provides manual or automatic cross
movement for cutting tool
Compound rest (fitted on top of cross-slide)
Used to support cutting tool
Swiveled to any angle for taper-turning
Has graduated collar that ensure accurate
cutting-tool settings (.001 in.) (also cross-slide)

14

Cross-slide

15

Apron
Fastened to saddle
Houses gears and mechanism required
to move carriage or cross-slide
automatically
Locking-off lever inside apron prevents
engaging split-nut lever and automatic
feed lever at same time
Apron hand wheel turned manually to
move carriage along lathe bed
16

Apron

17

Automatic Feed Lever

Engages clutch that provides
automatic feed to carriage
Feed-change lever can be set for
longitudinal feed or for crossfeed
In neutral position, permits split-nut lever
to be engaged for thread cutting
Carriage moved automatically when splitnut lever engaged
18

Tailstock
Upper and lower tailstock castings
Adjusted for taper or parallel turning by
two screws set in base
Tailstock clamp locks tailstock in any
position along bed of lathe
Tailstock spindle has internal taper to
receive dead center
Provides support for right-hand end of work
19

Tailstock

20

Setting Speeds on a
Lathe
Speeds measured in revolutions per
minute

Changed by stepped pulleys or gear

levers

Belt-driven lathe
Various speeds obtained by changing flat
belt and back gear drive

Geared-head lathe
Speeds changed by moving speed levers
into proper positions according to r/min
chart fastened to headstock
21

Types of lathe chuck

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LATHE MACHINE PROCESS

Facing process

Parallel process

Drilling process

Knurling process

23

Knurling
Process if impressing a diamond-shaped or
straight-line patter into the surface of the
workpiece
Improve its appearance
Provide better gripping surface
Increase workpiece diameter when press fit required

53-24

Knurling
Diamond- and
straight-pattern
rolls available in
three styles
Fine
Medium
Course
53-25
Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Knurling Tool
Toolpost-type toolholder on which pair of
hardened-steel rolls mounted
Knurling tool with
one set of rolls in
self-centering head
Knurling tool with
three sets of rolls
in revolving head
53-26
Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Grooving
Done at end of thread to
permit full travel of nut up to
a shoulder or at edge of
shoulder for proper fit
Also called recessing,
undercutting, or necking
Rounded grooves used
where there is strain on part

Square

Round
V-shaped

53-27
Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Thread Terminology
Screw thread
Helical ridge of uniform section formed on inside or
outside of cylinder or cone

External thread
Cut on external surface or cone

Internal thread
Produced on inside of cylinder or cone
55-28

Thread Terminology

 Right-hand thread
Helical ridge of uniform cross section onto which nut
is threaded in clockwise direction
When cut on lathe, toolbit
advanced from right to left

Left-hand thread
Helical ridge of uniform cross section onto which nut is
threaded in counterclockwise direction
When cut on lathe, toolbit
advanced from left to right
55-30

Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Permission required for reproduction or display.

TOOL BIT ANGLES

31

TOOL BIT ANGLES

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Safety Precautions
Always wear approved safety glasses
Rollup sleeves, remove tie and tuck in loose
clothing
Never wear ring or watch

48-33

Safety Precautions
Do not operate lathe until understand controls
Never operate machine if safety guards removed
Stop lathe before measure work or clean, oil or
adjust machine
Do not use rag to clean work or machine when in
operation
Rag can get caught and drag in hand

48-34

Safety Precautions
Never attempt to stop a lathe chuck or driveplate by
hand
Be sure chuck or faceplate mounted securely before
starting
If loose, becomes dangerous missile
Always remove chuck wrench after use
Fly out and injure someone
Become jammed, damaging wrench or lathe
48-35

Safety Precautions
Always remove chips with brush
Chips can cause cuts if use hands
Chips become embedded if use cloths

Always remove sharp toolbit from toolholder

when polishing, filing, cleaning, or making
adjustments

48-36

END

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