Inventions and

Innovations

INVENTION - Concept
A new product, system, or process that has never
existed before, created by study and experimentation.
An original device, idea, or process originated after
study and experiment - a discovery or a new finding.
A new device, process, and so on, that has been
created. Can be in either physical or conceptual form.
Pre-existing knowledge is combined in a new way to
yield something that did not before exist.
An invention is any new thing that makes something
faster, easier, more powerful, more efficient, more
attractive, more accurate, more fun, or more
productive in short just plain better.

Invention - Concept
(TRIZ method)
Problem + Idea + (Theory) +
Expertise + R&D + Material +
Capital + Patent
___________________________________
INVENTION
___________________________________

Nuclear physics

1900s - 1930s genius and team spirit of Ernest

Rutherford create nuclear physics

Vacuum cleaner

In 1901 Hubert Booth patents the first vacuum cleaner.

His large machine is first used in stores.

Vitamins

1906-1930 Frederick Hopkins discovers vitamins

Aircraft carriers

In 1914 Brits invent aircraft carriers

Television pictures

In 1924 -1928 John Logie Baird becomes first to televise

pictures

Zebra crossings

George Charlesworth Doctor Zebra engineering

physicist

Using maggots

2006 - Brits use juice from maggots to speed healing of

wounds

21st Century Invention

Cloning
Health and personal care products
Artificial intelligence
Genetic engineering in food, medicine etc.
Smart card
Sports product
Concept of virtual entertainment products

Invention vs. Innovation

Invention

Innovation

New and unique

An improvement

Original

Modification

High risk

Low risk

Tolerant of errors

Risk management

Long term commitment

Commitment to achieve the

goal

Continuous

Changeable

Process complex

Process - systematic

Starting from nothing

Start from something that

already exist

Unexpected output

Output according to plan and

expectation

Involve individual and self

satisfaction

Involve organization and

commercialization

Invention vs. Innovation

Invention

A new manmade device or

process

Innovation

A better way of doing

things
An improvement

Inventors - categories
1. Captive Inventor
Inventors who work in industry and business
- work as researchers.

2. Independent Inventor
Inventors who make a career designing
activity as full-time and part-time jobs.

Invention
Concrete Invention

Social Invention

Main focus in science and

technology

Social sciences (sociology,

political science, education,
law, linguistics,
communication,
anthropology, geography,
etc.)

Product can be
commercialized

Product can be
commercialized

Involved research,
development & technology

Involved research &

development

Human as central of problems Human as central of problems

Based theories and models of
fundamental science

Based theories and models of

social science

Who is an inventor?
a man (they were all men) had to have obtained a
patent or applied for a patent
Someone whos the first to think of or make
something
Anyone whos involvement and contribution was
essential to the development of the invention
Someone who creates or produces an original device,
idea or process
An inventor is someone who makes or produces
things and objects for the first time through the use of
the imagination or of ingenious thinking and
experiment
An inventor is a person which creates new inventions,
typically mechanical or electrical machines or others
devices of practical use.

Catalyst for invention

Survival and lifestyles
Education system
Science fiction films writing and film
Life changes and current needs
Talent and human intelligence
Problem solving and R & D
Environmental factors (earthquakes, floods, tsunamis
etc.)
Natural resource wealth
Domination and competition

Intellectual Property (IP)

protection for creativity and

innovation.

Types of IP

Patents
how something works or the process of making it

Trade marks
Words or logos to indicate the origin of the
products or services

Design
The distinctive look of the product or object

Copyright
Artistic or written works eg. Paintings, books, films
etc/

*one product can be protected by many firms of IP

Unpredictable
competition
Manager
Price

Technology
New product
New technology

New Competitor

21st Century
Organization

Domestic
Multinational

Speed
Quality awareness
Employee involvement
Customer orientation
Small
Changes in
Innovative
Customer
Life style
Trend

Peter F. Drucker (1997) in Management

Challenges For The 21st Century

Traditional Thinking vs. Innovative Thinking

Thinking Paradigm

Old Thinking

Inovative Thinking

Competition

National Focus

Globally Driven

Labor/Capital

Knowledge/Creativity

Job Specific

Broad/Cross Training

Degree/Job Skills

Lifelong Learning

Hierarchical

Networked &
Horizontal

Stable

Dynamic & Changing

Mass Production

Fluid & Flexible

Lower Priority

Constant & High

Profile

Mechanized

Digitalized

Lower Cost/Efficiency

Innovation, High
Quality & Speed

Growth Drivers
Workers skills
Education
Organization
Structure
Markets
Production
Research
Technology Drivers
Competitive
Advantage

Creativity, Innovation & Invention

Creativity
Innovation
Risks & Unknown
Territory

Invention

Richard Fobes (1999) in The Creative Problem Solvers

INNOVATION - Concept
Innovation is a process by which new information emerges
and is concretized in a product that meets human needs.
(Nonaka dan Kenney, 1991)
is the process of taking a creative idea and turning it into a
useful product, service, or method of operation
(Stephen & David, 2001)
Innovating is a process of changing, experimenting,
transforming, revolutionizing
(Robins dan Coulter, 2002)
Innovation is the process of generating something new and
viable that adds value to an individual,organization or
society
(Ed Benacki, 2002)

INNOVATION - Concept
Innovations means taking new ideas and turning them into
corporate and marketplace
(Jeff & Richard, 2003)
Innovation is typically thought of as putting creative ideas to
work. In the world of business, it connotes a new product or
service or process by which an enterprise can make money or
save money. In the world of science, innovators are often seen
as those scientists and researchers who can convert a new
substances or a new finding into a commercially viable product.
Innovation has always been one of the key engines or growth
for commerce and industry.

(Janszen, 2000)
Innovation is the process of generating something new and
viable that adds value to an individual,organization or society
(Ed Benacki, 2002)

Innovation is
Creativity
The discover of new ideas

Strategy
To identify new and useful ideas

Implementation
Implementation of new ideas that useful

Profitability
Maximize the added value of new and useful ideas

Innovation - objectives
Reduce cost
Increase quality
Enhance existing performance
Provide additional performance features
Gives new performance

Types of Innovation
1. Social Innovation
Efficiency Innovation

2. Technical Innovation
Evolutionary Innovation
incremental/continuous/small
Revolutionary Innovation
radical/discontinuous/big

Evolution of the
Telephone

Alexander
Graham Bells
Phone
1876
Old Phone
1st Cell Phone
March 6, 1983
Razr 2006

Smartphone

Forms of Innovation
1. Product
2. Service
3. Program
4. Process
5. Strategy

Why is Innovation
Important?
1. Reduces waste and environmental
damage
2. Create growth, increases productivity,
and economic wealth (avoid stagnation)
3. Provides better goods and services at
cheaper price higher standard of living
4. More interesting work for employees
5. Old strategy get replicated and,
consequently margin gets squeezed

Innovation - source of ideas

Human

Other

Customer
Employee
Supplier / distributor
Professional (professor
/ consultant)
Director / Manager

Accidental
occurrences
Market and industry
changes
change perceptions
new knowledge
demographic changes

Structural
variables
Organic structure
(*flexible, value external knowledge)

Effective communication
between units

What stimulate
innovation?
Human resource
variables
High commitment
towards training
and development
High job security
Creative employees

Cultural variables

Ambiguity tolerance
Low internal control
Risk tolerant
Conflict tolerant
Focus on goals
The focus of the open
system

The Innovative
Organization
Encourage employees, partners and suppliers
involved in innovation
Always accept new ideas and approaches
View and predicted future needs of customers
Defines the 'rules of the game' and challenge
competitors
Emphasizes the use of technology to strengthen
competition
Allocation of resources to the development of
ideas
Reward innovative efforts
Fast

Innovation has been called the most precious

capability that any organization in todays economy
must have and nurture.
Without a constant flow of new ideas- not only for
new products and services, but also for new ways of
doings things- an organizations is doomed to
obsolescence or even worse, failure
Robbins dan Coulter (2002) in Fundamentals of Management