Kimia Bahan Bangunan

Hamzah Fansuri, Ph.D

Materi

Semen
Keramik
Gelas
Logam
Aksesori
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_materi
als
10 Maret 2009

4. Logam
Logam memiliki konduktivitas
panas dan listrik yang tinggi,
berkilau, berkerapatan tinggi dan
dapat diubah bentuknya tanpa
harus memutus ikatan kimianya.
Density
Malleability/lunak: Dapat
ditempa (ductile)
The nondirectional nature of
metallic bonding is thought to be
the primary reason for the
malleability of metal. Planes of
atoms in a metal are able to slide
across one another under stress,
accounting for the ability of a
crystal to deform without
shattering.
Conductivity
Electric charge
http://www.onelargeprawn.co.za/wpcontent/uploads/2009/osaka.jpg

Steel (Baja)
Steel is an alloy consisting mostly of iron, with a carbon content
between 0.2% and 2.14% by weight (C:11010Fe). Various other alloying
elements are used too such as Mn, Cr, V, and W.
Carbon and other elements act as a hardening agent, preventing
dislocations in the iron atom crystal lattice from sliding past one another.
Steel with increased carbon content can be made harder and stronger
than iron, but is also more brittle. The maximum solubility of carbon in
iron (as austenite) is 2.14% by weight, occurring at 1149 C; higher
concentrations of carbon or lower temperatures will produce cementite.
Alloys with higher carbon content than this are known as cast iron
because of their lower melting point and castability.
Wrought iron containing only a very small amount of other elements, but
containing 13% by weight of slag in the form of particles elongated in
one direction, giving the iron a characteristic grain. It is more rustresistant than steel and welds more easily.

Fasa-fasa Baja
Iron alloy phases vde
Ferrite (-iron, -iron; soft)
Austenite (-iron; harder)
Spheroidite
Pearlite (88% ferrite, 12% cementite)
Bainite
Martensite
Ledeburite (ferrite-cementite eutectic, 4.3% carbon)
Cementite (iron carbide, Fe3C; hardest)
Steel classes Carbon steel (2.1% carbon; low alloy)
Stainless steel (+chromium)
Maraging steel (+nickel)
Alloy steel (hard)
Tool steel (harder)
Other iron-based materials Cast iron (>2.1% carbon)
Ductile iron
Wrought iron (contains slag)

Aluminium
Most widely used non-ferrous metal.
Global production: 31.9 million tonnes (iron:
837.5 million tonnes).
Pure aluminium is encountered only when
corrosion resistance and/or workability is
more important than strength or hardness.
A fresh, pure aluminium film serves as a good
reflector (approximately 92%) of visible light
and an excellent reflector (as much as 98%)
of medium and far infrared.
Aluminium alloys display a marked
improvement in mechanical properties,
especially when tempered and have high
strength-to-weight ratio.
Aluminium readily forms alloys with many
elements such as copper, zinc, magnesium,
manganese and silicon (e.g., duralumin).

http://www.c-ab.org.uk/images/home/9.jpg

Aluminium Alloy

Aluminium alloys with a wide range of properties are used in engineering structures.
Alloy systems are classified by a number system (ANSI) or by names indicating their
main alloying constituents (DIN and ISO).

The strength and durability of aluminium alloys vary widely. A lack of knowledge of
these aspects has from time to time led to improperly designed structures and
gained aluminium a bad reputation.

One important structural limitation of aluminium alloys is their fatigue strength.

Unlike steels, aluminium alloys have no well-defined fatigue limit, meaning that
fatigue failure will eventually occur under even very small cyclic loadings. This
implies that engineers must assess these loads and design for a fixed life rather than
an infinite life.

Sensitivity to heat. Workshop procedures involving heating are complicated by the

fact that aluminium, unlike steel, will melt without first glowing red. F

Aluminium alloys are subject to internal stresses following heating operations such as
welding and casting. The problem with aluminium alloys in this regard is their low
melting point, which make them more susceptible to distortions from thermally
induced stress relief. Controlled stress relief can be done during manufacturing by
heat-treating the parts in an oven, followed by gradual cooling -- in effect annealing
the stresses.

Logam-logam lain

Tembaga
Perunggu
Emas
Platina
Seng
Titanium

Tugas (4 jam kerja/2SKS)

1. Steel classes Carbon steel (2.1%
carbon; low alloy)
Stainless steel (+chromium)
Maraging steel (+nickel)
Alloy steel (hard)
Tool steel (harder)
2. Aplikasi Alloy aluminium sebagai
bahan bagnunan (contoh dan sifat)