TRAINING REPORT

Punjab Roadways/ PUNBUS

Hoshiarpur

SUBMITTED TO:
DEPATMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING,PUNJABI UNIVERSITY,
PATIALA.

SUBMITTED

BY:
HARYADH SINGH
ROLL NO. 11203211
DURATION: 20-06-2013TO20-07-2013

GEAR SHOP

GEAR BOX

In order to house the gears,

a casing or the box, usually
made of aluminium alloy or
malleable cast iron is used.

FUNCTIONS OF GEAR BOX

It enables the driving
wheels to be driven at
different speeds.
It enables to reverse the
vehicle
It enables to convert the
power of the engine running
at high speed into low speed.
It enables the engine to be
disconnected from the
driving wheels

SYNCHROMESH GEAR BOX

The synchromesh type gear box

is used in most of modern
automobiles where the gear to be
meshed when approaching each
other are made to have their
rotations coincide by frictional
forces so that there peripheral
speed are the same there by make
them easier to mesh. It has big
advantage of allowing smooth
and quick shifting of gears
without danger of damaging and
without necessity of double declutching.

PARTS OF SYNCHROMESH GEAR BOX

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

CASING
MAIN SHAFT
COUNTER SHAFT
MAIN DRIVE GEAR
EXTENTION HOUSING

MAIN COMPONENT OF
SYNCHROMESH GEAR

1.
2.
3.
4.

Clutch hub
Clutch hub sleeve
Synchronizer rings
Synchromesh shifting keys

ENGINE SHOP

The defective bus engines are opened and assembled in

the engine shop after opening the engine. The different
parts of the engine goes to different shops for repairing
and cleaning. For example: After opening the engine, if
the fuel pump is found defective then it goes to the
engine shop.

DIESEL ENGINE

Although several types of

prime movers are available,
the diesel is one which is
most commonly used.
Relatively speaking, Diesel
engines are small,
inexpensive, powerful, fuel
efficient and extrem
ely reliable if maintained
properly.

MAIN COMPONENTS OF ENGINE

CYLINDER BLOCK
The cylinder block is the
foundation of the engine. It
is a single unit made up of
cast iron. It consists three
parts:
i.
The cylinder in which
piston reciprocates.
ii.
The ports for valve
iii.
Passage for flow of
cooing water

CRANKCASE

The crankcase is
the base of the
engine. It supports
the crankshaft in
bearings. The
crankcase is fitted
with brackets that
support the engine
on the frame.

PISTON
Piston reciprocates
inside the cylinder.
It transmits the
thrust generated
by the explosion of
gas to the
connecting rod.

CONNECTING ROD

The connecting rod

transmits the power from
the piston to the crankshaft.
The rod is made up of dropforged, heat treated steel to
provide the requried
strength. Each end of the
rod is bored.

CRANKSHAFT
The crankshaft converts
the linear motion of
piston into a rotational
motion that is
transmitted to load.
Crankshafts are made of
forged steel.

CAMSHAFT
The camshaft is made
either of forged steel or
of cast iron. The shaft is
hardened to resist wear.
The camshaft id driven
by crankshaft and has a
numer of cam loes
located along its length.

ENGINE COOLING
RADIATOR:
Radiator are the heat
exchangers used to
transfer thermal energy
from one medium to
another medium for the
purpose of cooling.

BRAKING SYSTEM
The function of the brake is to stop or slow down the vehicle
when moving or to prevent it from moving when it is
stationary.

AIR BRAKE
It is widely used incase of
heavy buses and trucks
requiring a heavier braking
effort in comparison to that
of the drivers foot pressure.
Two types:
1.
Air actuared drum brake
2.
Air actuated disc brake.

ELECTERICAL SHOP

ELECTERICAL SYSTEM
Every automobile contains an electrical system under its hood which
produces and stores energy. The electeical system has two main functions:
1. It must supply the electrical energy to start and operate the engine.
2. To operate the lights, instruments and other electrical accessories.

BORING SHOP

BORING
The basic purpose of boring
in machining is enlarging a
hole that has already been
drilled. This is achieved by a
single cutting tool. The main
work done in boring shop are:
1. Grinding the valve.
2. Grinding the gudgeon pin.
3. Grinding the two ends of
connecting rod.
4. Grinding the holes in cam
shaft.

CRANK SHAFT GRINDING SHOP

CRANKSHAFT GRINDING MACHINE

Crankshaft grinding
machine is used to
regrind the the
crankshaft, crankpins
and journals.

A-SERVICE SHOP

A- SERVICE
A-service consits:
Cleaning or changing of
air filter.
Greasing of different
parts of bus.
Changing of engine oil.

B-SERVICE SHOP

B-SERVICE
B-service involves following maintenance:
Check wheel bearings.
Check suspension system.
Check wheel assembly.
Replace Brake linings.
Check tyres and wheel alignment.

Thank You!!!