4.

7 Curve Sketching
1.Septri anti novari
0127

ACA 111

2. Nadia cristy
0042

ACA 111

3. Dwi Prenita
0140

ACA 111

Example 1: Graph the function f given by

f (x) x 3 3x 2 9x 13,
and find the relative extrema.
1st find f (x) and f (x).
f (x) 3x 2 6x 9,
f (x) 6x 6.

Example 1 (continued):
2nd solve f (x) = 0.

3x 6x 9 0
x 2 2x 3 0
(x 3)(x 1) 0
2

x3 0
x 1 0
or
x
3
x
1
Thus, x = 3 and x = 1 are critical values.

Example 1 (continued):
3rd use the Second Derivative Test with 3
and 1.
f (3) 6(3) 6 18 6 12 0 : Relative maximum

f (1) 6(1) 6 6 6 12 0 : Relative minimum

Lastly, find the values

of f2 (x) at 3 and 1.
3
f (3) (3) 3(3) 9(3) 13 14
f (1) (1)3 3(1)2 9(1) 13 18
So, (3, 14) is a relative maximum and (1,
18) is a

Example 1 (concluded):
Then, by calculating and plotting a few
more points,
we can make a sketch of f (x), as shown
below.

Strategy for Sketching Graphs:

a) Derivatives and Domain. Find f (x) and f
(x). Note the domain of f.
b) Find the y-intercept.
c) Find any asymptotes.
d)Critical values of f. Find the critical values
by solving f (x) = 0 and finding where f
(x) does not exist. Find the function
values at these points.

Strategy for Sketching Graphs

(continued):
e) Increasing and/or decreasing; relative
extrema. Substitute each critical value,
from step (b) into f (x) and apply the
Second Derivative Test.
f) Inflection Points. Determine candidates
for inflection points by finding where f
(x) = 0 or where f (x) does not exist.
Find the function values at these points.

Strategy for Sketching Graphs

(concluded):
g) Concavity. Use the candidates for
inflection points from step (d) to define
intervals. Use the relative extrema from
step (b) to determine where the graph is
concave up and where it is concave
down.
h) Sketch the graph. Sketch the graph
using the information from steps (a) (e),
calculating and plotting extra points as

Example 3: Find the relative extrema of

the function
f given by
x 3 3x 2,
and sketch thef (x)
graph.
a) Derivatives and
f (x)Domain.
3x 2 3,
f (x) 6 x.

The domain of f is all real numbers.

Example 3 (continued):
b) Critical values of f.

3x 2 3
3x 2
x2
x

0
3
1
1

And we have f (1) = 4 and f (1) = 0.

Example 3 (continued):
c) Increasing and/or Decreasing; relative
extrema.
f (1) 6(1) 6 0
So (1, 4) is a relative maximum, and f (x) is
increasing on (, 1] and decreasing on [1,
f (1)
6(1)
6 0 down at the
1]. The graph is
also
concave
point (1, 4).
So (1, 0) is a relative minimum, and f (x) is
decreasing
on [1, 1] and increasing on [1, ). The
graph is also

Example 3 (continued):
d) Inflection Points.

And we have f (0) 6x

= 2. 0
x 0
e) Concavity. From step (c), we can conclude
that f is
concave down on the interval (, 0) and
concave up
on (0, ).

Example 3 (concluded)
f) Sketch the graph. Using the points
from steps (a) (e),
the graph follows.

Example 5: Graph the function f given

by

f (x) (2x 5)1 3 1.

List the coordinates of any extreme points

and points
of inflection. State where the function is
increasing or
decreasing, as well as where it is concave
up or
concave down.

Example 5 (continued)
a) Derivatives and Domain.

1
2
2
2 3
2 3
f (x) 2x 5 2 (2x 5)
3
3
3(2x 5)2 3
4
8
8
5 3
5 3
f (x) 2x 5 2 (2x 5)
9
9
9(2x 5)5 3
The domain of f is all real numbers.

Example 5 (continued)
b) Critical values. Since f (x) is never 0,
the only
critical value is where f (x)
does
And,
wenot exist.
Thus, we
2 3
have
3(2x

5)

0
13
set its denominator equal
to
zero.
5
5

2 3
f 2 5 1
(2x 5)
0
2

2x 5
2x
x

0
5
5
2

5
f
2

0 1

5
f
2

Example 5 (continued)
c) Increasing and/or decreasing; relative
extrema.
8
5
f
5 3
2
5

9 2 5

2
8
5
f
2
90
8
5
f
2
0
Since f (x) does not exist, the Second
Derivative Test

Example 5 (continued)
c) Increasing and/or decreasing; relative
extrema (continued). Selecting 2 and 3 as
test values on either side of

2
2
2 2
f (2)

0
23
23
3(2 2 5)
3(1)
31 3
2
2
2 2
f (3)

0
23
23
3(2 3 5)
3(1)
31 3

5 5
,
2
2
Since f(x) is positive on both sides of

is not an
extremum.

Example 5 (continued)
d) Inflection points. Since f (x)
is never 0, we only
need to find where f (x) does not
5
exist. And, since
,
2
f (x) cannot exist where f (x)
does not exist, we know
from step (b) that a possible
inflection point is (
1).

Example 5 (continued)
e) Concavity. Again, using 2 and 3 as test
points on either side
8 of 8
8

f (2)
f (3)

9(2 2 5)
8
9(2 3 5)

5
, 1
Thus,2

5
3

5
3

9 1

8
8

0
9 1
9

is a point of inflection.

Example 5 (concluded)
f) Sketch the graph. Using the
information in steps (a) (e),
graph follows.

the

Thank
you