Username: MUST2010BS

Password: p4r7GSTr

lets look at Switching on and of a computer.

Switching on a computer

Switching of a computer

Cold Booting Power the computer from the mains

(cpu, then monitor)
Warm Booting Restart a computer when it already
has power in it (Ctrl-Alt-Del)
Switch of the monitor and then the cpu

Note: Always take your time to switch of the

computer (switch of screen, then cpu)

Nabaasa Evarist, MEng.Csc, BSC.Csc,

ACCT

Graphical OSs.

Command Driven OSs

Have Graphic representations i.e Microsoft

Windows family(win95,98,2000,Millennium,
Xp, 2003)
Use commands to execute i.e DOS, Old
versions of UNIX and LINUX

NOTE: Graphical OSs are far much

easier to use, because of their simplicity
and user-friendliness

NAME
MICROSOFT
WINDOWS
IBM i
LINUX
SOLARIS
MACINTOSH

DEVELOPER

1ST RELEASE

LATEST
RELEASE

MICROSOFT

1985

2010

IBM

1988

2009

LINUS TORVALDS 1992

2010

SUN

1992

2008

APPLE .inc

1984

2010

MS Windows - Lecture Notes

You use the mouse to click objects, to select

objects, and to right-click objects.
You use the mouse to interact with objects on
the screen.
When you move the mouse on the mouse
pad, the pointer, which is shaped as an arrow,
will move to diferent objects on the screen.
You can change Windows setup options for
right-handed or left-handed mouse
operations.

MS Windows - Lecture Notes

Clicking is when you press a mouse

button and immediately release it.
Clicking sends a signal to the
computer that you want to perform
an action on the object you clicked.
You usually click an object with the
left mouse button.

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MS Windows - Lecture Notes

Pointing and clicking

with the mouse is
often used to select
an object.

The mouse can be

used to select text by
clicking and dragging
over the text.

Selected objects
usually appear
highlighted, or a
button may appear
to be depressed.

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MS Windows - Lecture Notes

Left-clicking the
Start button
brings up the main
Start menu.

Right-clicking the
Start button brings
up a short-cut menu
with other options.

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ACCT

Boot

a computer.

If it has more than one Os then choose

Windows and wait for it to load until u see the
desktop

What

is a Desktop?

The first screen u get after loading windows.

The desktop is a workspace for projects and contains

the tools needed to manipulate those projects
The desktop contains icons that represent the
resources on your computer.

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ACCT

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ACCT

ICONS

Small pictures/shortcuts representing

programmes, files or folders

Start Button to diferent

programmes
Taskbar Shows the currently
running tasks
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ACCT

Start Button to Diferent programmes

Task Bar Shows currently open programmes
or windows
My Computer Browse through your computer
My Network Places Setup network
parameters
Recycle Bin Holds deleted files
Taskbar Shows the currently running tasks

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Nabaasa Evarist, MEng.Csc, BSC.Csc,

ACCT

Change the Background of your Desktop Right click

desktop, go to properties
Use Windows Explorer to explore your computer From
the start button, All Programs, Accessories, Windows
Explorer
Change the Clock and Date of your Computer Found on
the taskbar
From Start button, choose Run Type in Explorer,
click ok. What happens?
From Start button, choose Run Type in calc, click
ok. What happens?
Change your Screen Saver Right click desktop, go to
properties, then to Screen Saver.
Find Games & Entertainment Start from the Start
Button

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A Directory is a logical Storage Unit on a

Computer System.
Store Files, Folders or any other information
that can be stored on a computer.
help to organise data or Information.
Example, C directory, D, E , folders etc
Partitions are divisions of the hard disk drive
Eg. C, D etc.
Can be created and named by the computer
User.

The Windows Explorer is an indispensible tool

in an operating system
Used organize and control the files and
folders of the diferent storage systems at
our disposal such as the hard drive, disk
drive, etc.
Is also known as the File Manager.
Through it we can delete, see, copy, or move
files and folders
Access: Start, All programs, Accessories,
Windows Explorer

Nabaasa Evarist, MEng.Csc, BSC.Csc,

ACCT

Defn: A window is an area containing

certain tasks that you are executing.
How to open a Window Double click
on an Icon, like My Computer on the
desktop, or invoke a program from the
start button under All programs
Note 1: The four sided figure you get is
a window.
Note 2: A Window has Properties.
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ACCT

Status Bar
Menu Bar

Tool Bar

Close
button

Maximize/R
estore
button
Minimize button

Address Bar
Edge of a Window

Vertical Scroll Button

Window Contents

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ACCT

Status Bar: This is the uppermost part of a

window. It has many uses:

Maximize or Restore a window (double click)

Move a window from location to location (while the
window is not maximized, position the cursor
on top of the status bar, press the left mouse
button down and drag to a required position
and release).

Menu Bar: This provides us with the available

menu that we can use to run certain programs
i.e. File Menu.
Tool Bar: Shows the shortcuts of the Menu Bar.
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ACCT

Address Bar: This shows the

address/path of the file that is
currently open.
Edge of a Window: This is used to
resize a window, either vertically or
horizontally.
Close Button: Used to close a window.

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ACCT

Maximize/Restore Button: This is used to

maximize or Restore the size of a window
i.e. double click.
Minimize Button: This is used to minimize
a window on to the task bar.
Vertical Scroll Bar: Used to see the extra
contents that have surpassed the current
size of a window vertically up or downwards
Window Contents: This shows the contents
of a window.
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ACCT

A FOLDER: This is a container that

holds, files or other sub-folders i.e.
a folder within a folder.

Note: A folder can be empty or can contain

endless subfolders depending on the size
of the storage device it is created on.

Folders: Help in organizing our data

in a computer into groups that are
easy to access or locate.
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ACCT

ON THE DESKTOP: Right click the

desktop, choose new, then folder, type in
the name of the folder and Enter.
ON the Hard Disk (C:\): Use My
Computer Icon, or Windows explorer,
to locate C:\, make sure C:\ is showing its
contents, click on it, then choose the
File menu, and then New, Type in the
name of the Folder and press the Enter
key.
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ACCT

ADJACENT ONES: Click on the first Folder, press

a shift-key down, while the shift-key is down
click on the last folder, i.e. they are
selected/highlighted, go to the Edit menu, click
Copy, go to the destination, while at the
destination, go to the Edit menu, click Paste.
ON the Hard Disk (C:\): Use My Computer Icon,
or Windows explorer, to locate C:\, make sure
C:\ is showing its contents, click on it, then
choose the File menu, and then New, Type in
the name of the Folder and press the Enter key.

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Nabaasa Evarist, MEng.Csc, BSC.Csc,

ACCT

NONE ADJACENT ONES: Click on the

first Folder, press a Ctrl-key down,
while the Ctrl-key is down click on
every other folder, i.e. they are
selected/highlighted, go to the Edit
menu, click Copy, go to the
destination, while at the destination,
go to the Edit menu, click Paste.

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ACCT

Use the same tricks as in copying

folders

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ACCT

Select the folders and files u want

to delete and click the delete
option from the Edit Menu or just
click the delete key and confirm

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Nabaasa Evarist, MEng.Csc, BSC.Csc,

ACCT

Note: A file is a collection of related

data or information under a
particular name.
Note: File names consist of 3 parts

File Name
Period
Extension (one to three characters)

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Nabaasa Evarist, MEng.Csc, BSC.Csc,

ACCT

Assignment1.doc
File
Name
Period

Extension

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ACCT

Note: A file name extension (i.e.

the period and the extension) is
optional.
Note: Folders usually do not have
extension but files usually do.

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ACCT

When youre looking for a

particular folder or file, you can use
the Find command instead of
opening numerous folders.
The Find command lets you quickly
search a specific drive or your
entire computer.

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ACCT

To find a file or folder:Click the start button, point to

search/find, and then click all files and
folders. (the Find dialog box appears)
In all or part of the file name, type
the file or folder name you want to find.
Click the look in down arrow, or click
browse to specify where to search.
Click search or find now.
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Nabaasa Evarist, MEng.Csc, BSC.Csc,

ACCT

After you have located the file you

want, you can double-click to open it.
On the desktop, double-click my
computer. (the my computer window
opens)

Double-click the drive that contains the file

or folder you want to open.
Double-click the file or folder.

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Nabaasa Evarist, MEng.Csc, BSC.Csc,

ACCT

If you decide to change the name of a

file or folder, you can quickly rename it.
To rename a file or folder

In a window, select the file or folder you

want to rename.
On the file menu click rename.
Type the name, and the press ENTER.
OR select the file and press F2 key.
OR select the file and RIGHT CLICK it then
select RENAME.

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Nabaasa Evarist, MEng.Csc, BSC.Csc,

ACCT

You can quickly open documents and files

that you use often.
The start menu under My recent
documents lists the documents used
most recently, so that you can quickly
reopen them.
The My documents folder on your
desktop is a convenient place for you to
store frequently used files and folders.
41

MS Windows - Lecture Notes

Windows 2000 Help provides on-screen

information about programs.
To start the Help system, click the Start
button and then click the Help command on
the Start menu.
You can also open Help by pressing the F1
key.
The Help window contains tabs to help find
information, including Contents and Index.
42