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PENDEKATAN

TEKTONIK
INDONESIA

PENDEKATAN
TEKTONIK INDONESIA
1. Teori TEKTONIK
LEMPENG
2. Litologi Basement:
Komposisi & Konfigurasi
3. Tektonostratigrafi
4. Polyhistory

PLATE TECTONIC & SEDIMENTARY BASIN FORMATION

TYPES OF CRUST INDONESIA REGION

BASEMENT COMPOSITION

Indonesia Position Global PlateTectonics


The pacific
oceanic
plate in the
E & NE
The
Australian
continental
plate in the
SE
The Indian
oceanic
plate in the
W&SW
The Asian
continental
plate in the

INDONESIA: BATHYMETRY

Continental landmass: continental islands


and sea shelf: < 200 m
Oceanic Islands and Oceanic Deeps :>200
m

INDONESIA: Continental
Landmass

SUNDA SHELF
with:
Sumatra,
Java and
Kalimantan
ARAFURA
CONTINENTAL
SHELF :
Australian
continent
Irian Jaya
New Guinea

TECTONIC PLATES & CRUSTS IN


INDONESIA

WESTERN INDONESIA:
STABLE SUNDA CONTINENT
CENTRAL INDONESIA:
MICRO-CONTINENTS AND
OCEANIC BASINS
EAST INDONESIA: STABLE
SAHUL/AUSTRALIAN
CONTINENT

PLATE TECTONICS MOVEMENT IN


INDONESIA involves:
Convergence,
(collisions,
subduction and
obduction).
Divergence
(rifting, break-up
and subsequent
seafloor
spreading).
Transvergence
(wrench faulting);
involving
translatation and

PLATE BOUNDARIES
ACTIVE
MARGINS
SUBDUCTION
ZONES
OBDUCTION
ZONES
TRANSDUCTION
ZONES (Sorong
Fault zone)

PASSIVE
MARGINS
(Eastern
Kalimantan)
Delta
Basin
Carbonate

ACTIVE MARGINS

SUBDUCTION ZONES:

CONTINENTAL ISLAND ARC:


Western Sumatra Sunda Arc,
Southern Java Sunda Arc
OCEANIC ISLAND ARC:
Nusatenggara Sunda Arc

OBDUCTION/COLLISION
ZONES: Banda Arc-Australian
continent being subducted under
Banda Sea oceanic crust;
Banggai-Sula colliding Eastern
Sulawesi
TRANSDUCTION ZONES: Sorong
Faultzone
Zona subduksi:
CONTINENTAL ISLAND ARC: Barat
Sumatra Sunda Arc, Jawa Southern
Arc Sunda
OCEANIC ISLAND ARC:
Nusatenggara Sunda Arc
OBDUCTION / TUBRUKAN ZONA:
benua Banda Arc-Australia sedang
subduksi di bawah Laut Banda
kerak samudera; Banggai-Sula
bertabrakan Sulawesi Timur

PASSIVE MARGINS

NW BORNEO
PASSIVE
MARGIN
East Natuna
basinal area,
Baram Delta
EASTERN
KALIMANTAN
PASSIVE
MARGINS
MICROCONTINE
NT PASSIVE
MARGINS
Southwest
Sulawesi
Basinal area

COLLISION ZONES & OROGENIC


BELTS
Kuching
Zone
Meratus
Mts Belt
Central
Sulawesi
Collision
Belt
Central
Irian Jaya
Mt Range

Tectonic Framework of Indonesia

(Koesoemadinata, 2008)

West Indonesia with Sunda Platform acting as a continental core


Central Indonesia consising of fragmented microcontinents represented
by Sulawesi and the Banda Arc
East Indonesia with the Arafura Platfrom acting as continental core
Barat Indonesia dengan Sunda Landasan bertindak sebagai inti benua
Indonesia consising pusat microcontinents terfragmentasi diwakili oleh
Sulawesi dan Banda Arc
Indonesia Timur dengan Arafura platfrom bertindak sebagai inti benua

West Indonesia: ACTIVE MARGINS

(Koesoemadinata, 2008)

To the W and S the Sundaland is bordered by an active margin;


consisting of an island arc system with fore arc, interarc and backarc basins, as the result of a convergence with the Indo-Australia
oceanic plate in which the oceanic plate is subducted under the
continental plate.
Untuk W dan S Sundaland berbatasan dengan margin aktif; terdiri
dari sistem busur kepulauan dengan busur muka, interarc dan
back-arc basins, sebagai hasil dari konvergensi dengan lempeng

West Indonesia: PASSIVE MARGINS

The E Sundaland margin, rifting, break-up and sea-floor


spreading of the Makassar Strait, and the formation of :
Aulocogene basins followed by deltaic deposition of the
Mahakan Delta and Tarakan Delta.
Paternoster Carbonate Platform.

The NW Sundaland margin; resulted from rifting and


opening of the S China Sea and associated rifting in the
Gulf of Thailand and W Natuna basin. Rifting of the S

CENTRAL INDONESIA:
Fragmented microcontinents between
Oceanic basins

Consisting of assorted microcontinents, mainly broken


off from the Australian Continent, but some belong
to the Asian Continent : SW Sulawesi
Sulawesi Island
Banggai-Sula Islands
West Nusa Tenggara Island Arc

Central Indonesia: an assortment or


conglomeration of contental fragments oceanic basins
and oceanic troughs

Sulawesi Island: an conglomeration of Australian and Asian continental


fragments and island arc
Sula-Banggai Island
Halmahera Island-arc
Lesser Sunda Islands, and island-arc as the eastern continuation of the
Sunda island arc
Oceanic Basins of Flores sea, Banda sea and Celebes sea
Pulau Sulawesi: sebuah konglomerasi fragmen benua Australia dan Asia dan
busur kepulauan
Pulau Sula-Banggai
Pulau Halmahera-arc

Eastern Indonesia: Major Tectonic


Elements

Arafura Shelf: Stable Shelf


Banda Island Arc: Passive to Active Margin
(Subduction/Obduction)
Jaya Wijaya Central Range: Orogenic Mountain
Range

POLYHISTORY

BASIN EVOLUTION
Sedimentary basins evolved from one to another
type
Superimposition of various type of basin on top of
the other occurs
Sedimentary sequences of various types of basin can
be analysed in tectono-stratigraphical sequences:
Cekungan sedimen berevolusi dari satu ke jenis lain
Superimposisi berbagai jenis cekungan di atas yang
lain terjadi
Urutan sedimen dari berbagai jenis cekungan dapat
dianalisis dalam urutan tektono - stratigrafi

EXTENSIONAL BASIN
DEVELOPMENT
Rifting ----> grabens, half graben
basins ---->synrift sedimentation
Break-up -----> aulacogene basins
-------> deltaic sedimentation
Drifting -----> passive margin basins
------> passive margin sedimentation
Spreading (oceanic) -----> oceanic
basins ----> deep marine sedimentation

EVOLUTION OF RIFT TO PASSIVE MARGIN BASIN


RIFT-DRIFT

PASSIVE MARGIN BASIN


developing into a
CARBONATE PLATFORM

Contoh: Indonesia Timur Australian continental


margin

EXTENSIONAL TO
COMPRESSIONAL REGIME
Drifting -------> passive margin basin sedimentation
Subduction -----> back-arc, inter-arc and fore-arc basins
Obduction --------->foreland basins & fore deeps
Continent to continent collision------> Suture related
foreland and fore deep basins
Melayang ------- > passive margin cekungan sedimentasi
Subduksi ----- > back- arc , antar - busur dan kedepan busur cekungan
Obduction --------- > tanjung cekungan & Deeps kedepan
Benua ke benua tabrakan ------ > Jahitan terkait tanjung
dan cekungan kedepan dalam

EVOLUTION OF A PASSIVE MARGIN BASIN

TECTONIC INVERSION.

During the transition from extensional to compressional tectonic


regime a tectonic inversion, often takes place
Faults are reactivated with inversion of direction of movement
Lower parts of the basin e.g. graben are inverted into highs
within the sedimentary basin
Inversion is a common feature in Tertiary sedimentary basin on
the Sunda Shelf
Selama transisi dari rezim tektonik ekstensional ke compressional
inversi tektonik , sering terjadi
Kesalahan yang diaktifkan dengan inversi arah gerakan
Bagian bawah cekungan misalnya ' graben ' terbalik ke tertinggi
dalam cekungan sedimen
Inversi adalah fitur umum di Tersier sedimen basin di Paparan
Sunda

TECTONO-STRATIGRAPHY:
To arrange sedimentary strata in its tectonic environment
Tectono-stratigraphic sequences are separated by
unconformities which reflects a tectonic event
The tectonics event caused a change in the tectonic
environment are e.g. rifting, sagging, collision, uplift, dsb.
Each tectonic environment is characterized by a certain
facies association
Untuk mengatur sedimen strata dalam lingkungan tektonik
yang
Urutan tektono - stratigrafi yang dipisahkan oleh bidang
ketidakselarasan yang mencerminkan peristiwa tektonik
Acara tektonik menyebabkan perubahan dalam lingkungan
tektonik adalah misalnya rifting , kendur , tabrakan ,
mengangkat, dsb .
Setiap lingkungan tektonik ditandai oleh asosiasi fasies tertentu

TECTONO-STRATIGRAPHIC TERMS

Pre-Rift
Syn-Rift
Post-Rift, Sag
Passive Margin Deposition (Syn-drift?)
Pre-Orogenic (Pre-Collision)
Syn-Orogenic (Syn-Collision)
Post Orogenic (Post Collision)

EXTENSIONAL TO
COMPRESSIONAL REGIME
Drifting -------> passive margin basin
sedimentation
Subduction -----> back-arc, inter-arc
and fore-arc basins
Obduction --------->foreland basins &
fore deeps
Continent to continent collision------>
Suture related foreland and fore deep
basins

EVOLUTION OF A PASSIVE MARGIN BASIN

PASSIVE MARGIN BASIN


developing into a
CARBONATE PLATFORM

Contoh: Indonesia Timur Australian continental


margin

EVOLUTION
OF BASINS
?

RIFT
TOBACK-ARC
BASIN

(Koesoemadinata, 2008

Evolution of a Back-arc
Basin Model
PRE-RIFT

(Koesoemadinata, 2008

Evolution of a Back-arc
Basin
SYN-RIFT

(Koesoemadinata, 2008

Evolution of a Back-arc
Basin Model
POST-RIFT

(Koesoemadinata, 2008

Evolution of a Back-arc
Basin Model
INVERSION: Syn & Post orogenic deposition

(Koesoemadinata, 2008

EVOLUTION
OF BASINS:
FROM RIFT
TO
FORELAND
BASIN
RIFT-DRIFT-COLLIDE

(Koesoemadinata, 2008

Evolution of the Rift-DriftCollision Model


SYN-RIFT

(Koesoemadinata, 2008

Evolution of the Rift-DriftCollision Model


POST-RIFT

(Koesoemadinata, 2008

Evolution of the Rift-DriftCollision Model

(Koesoemadinata, 2008

Evolution of the Rift-DriftCollision Model

(Koesoemadinata, 2008

Evolution of the Rift-DriftCollision Model


INVERSION: Syn & Post orogenic deposition

EVOLUTION
OF BASINS:
FROM RIFT
TO
FORELAND
BASIN
RIFT-DRIFT-COLLIDE

(Koesoemadinata, 2008

Western Indonesia Paleogene RiftBasins

Western Indonesia Neogene Sedimentary


Basins

Western Indonesia Tertiary


Stratigraphy

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