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CHEMISTRY OF

LIFE

Chemistry
Is a scientific discipline concerned
with the atomic composition and
structure of substances and the
reaction it undergo.

Chemistry of Life
Composed the structures of the
body, and the interaction of
chemicals with one another are
responsible for the functions of the
body.

Important Chemistry
Terms

Atom
Smallest particle of a
chemical element that can
exist alone or in
combination.

Atomic Structure
Atoms consist of neutrons, positively charged

protons and negatively charged electrons.


Atoms are electrically neutral because the
number of protons in atoms equals the
number of electrons.
Protons and neutrons are found in the nucleus,
and electrons, which are located around the
nucleus, can be represented by electron cloud.
The atomic number is the unique number of
protons in each atom of element.

Elements
Fundamental chemical substances that

are made up of only one kind of atom.


Is the simplest type of matter with
unique chemical and physical
properties.

Compound
Chemical substance made up of
two or more elements combined in
a specific ratio and arrangement.

Molecule
Is two or more atoms chemically

combined to form a structure that


behaves as an independent unit.
A chemical unit consisting two or more
atoms attached together to one
another by attractive force called
chemical bonds.

Molecules Classification
Organic compounds
Inorganic compounds

Organic Compounds
Always contain the element carbon and
are the principal materials that make up
living system. It includes carbohydrates,
proteins, lipids, vitamins and nucleic acids.

Carbohydrates
Compounds made up of carbon,

hydrogen and oxygen atoms (CHO)


Use as the main source of energy.
Monosaccharide are the building blocks
that form more complex carbohydrates;
such as disaccharides and
polysaccharides.

Proteins
building blocks of protein are amino

acids.
instructions for arranging amino acids
into many different proteins are stored in
the DNA
control the rate of reactions and regulate
cell processes while some are used to
form bones and muscles.
transport substances in and out of cells or

help fight diseases.

Lipids
large and varied groups of biological

molecule that are generally not soluble in


water.
mostly from carbon and hydrogen atoms
(CH)
provides energy(fats), are structural
components (phospholipids) and regulate
physiological process (steroids)
examples of lipids are fats, oil, waxes,
steroids, phospholipids, and cholesterol.
The building blocks and fats are glycerol
and fatty acids

Nucleic Acids
biological molecules containing hydrogen,

oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorous


(HONP)
a nucleotide consists of three
components: ribonucleic acid or RNA and
deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA.
represent the hereditary materials of the
cell and are the key to translating genetic
information into cellular functions.
what makes living organisms alike or
different from each other depends on the
nucleic acids.

Vitamins
are organic substances present in small

amounts in natural foodstuff which are


necessary for normal growth and
metabolism.
are classified as fat-soluble and water
soluble
Fat-soluble

vitamins include Vitamins A, D, E

and K.
Water-soluble vitamins, on the other hand,
include Vitamin B complex and Vitamin C

Inorganic Compounds
do not contain carbon
are usually smaller and less complex.
include mineral elements and water- the

most abundant of all compounds in cell


which constitutes about 2/3 of the body
weight.

Elements in the
Human Body

Elements with 96% total body weight


Oxygen-

involves in the extraction of energy


from food molecules.
Carbon- ideal to build big biological
molecules; a basic building block.
Hydrogen- is practically always bound to the
carbon that our bodies are constructed of;
acid base balance
Nitrogen- plays an important role in
digestion of food and growth.

Elements with less than 4% total body weight


Sulfur-

help construct virtually all parts of the


human body; helps protect the cells in our bodies
from environmental hazards such as air pollution
and radiation.
Phosphorus- a part of the body's energy storage
system, and helps with maintaining healthy blood
sugar levels
Potassium- send messages to the brain.
Chlorine- the electrical charge that these
elements carry is what allows nerve cells to work.
Sodium-allows our bodies to maintain the right
blood chemistry and the correct amount of water
in our blood; allows our muscles to contract
normally
Magnesium- we need it for the proper growth,
formation and function of our bones and muscles

Elements with very small amount total


body weight
Iron-

important for maintaining a healthy


immune system and for digesting certain
things in the food that we eat
Iodine- it keeps our thyroid gland healthy
Silicon- to grow and maintain strong bones;
also important for the growth of hair, skin and
fingernails
Fluorine- is an element that the body uses to
strengthen bones and teeth

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