BAMBOO AS REINFORCEMENT

Presented to:
Ar. Tauhid mehtab
Ar. Kashif rafi

Presented by:
• Adnan irshad
• Kirti pandey
• Md. Nasir Iftekhar BAMBOO
AS A
• Nikhat Mustafa REINFORCEMEN
T
 INTRODUCTION
Bamboo has been used as a construction material in certain area
for centuries. A study of bamboo is used as a reinforcement in precast
concrete elements was carried out in U.S Army Engineer Waterway
experiment station in 1964. Bamboo was given recent consideration for
use as reinforcement in soil cement pavement slabs in which the slabs
behave in elastically even under light loads.

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 WHY BAMBOO AS
REINFORCEMENT
•Cellulose fibers which run the
length of the culms carrying
nutrients between the leaves and
roots.
•What gives bamboo its super-
strength?
•lighter-colored lignin.

•Bamboo has been compared to

reinforced concrete:

• Cellulose fibers Steel bars Lignin

Concrete Combined strength of
fiber & lignin is greater than sum of
the parts.
BAMBOO
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 BAMBOO CHARACTERISTICS
• Bamboo is giant grass not a tree.

• The density of fibers in cross-section of a bamboo shell varies with

thickness as well as height.

• The strength of bamboo is greater than most of the timber

products.

• Bamboo is more prone to insect attack than other trees and grasses.

• Bamboo can prevent pollution.

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 PROPERTIES
Properties differ with species, age, climatic factors,
moisture content, and different heights of the Culm.

CHARACTERISTICS BAMBOO STEEL

Tensile strength 1000-4000kg/cm2 2300kg/cm2
Comp. strength 250-1000kg/cm2 1900kg/cm2
Modulus of elasticity 0.3x 106kg/cm2 2.1x106kg/cm2

BAMBOO
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 COMPARISON OF BAMBOO
AND STEEL
• The strength of bamboo is greater than steel.
• Bamboo is easily accessible.

• Bamboo lowers the cost of construction.

• Increases the strength of the buildings .

• Bamboo can crack and deflect more than steel reinforcement.

• Elasticity of bamboo is better than wood for seismic resistant

housing.

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MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF
BAMBOO REINFORCEMENTS
MECHANICAL PROPERTY SYMBOL VALUE (PSI)

Ultimate compressive strength    8,000

Allowable compressive stress s 4,000 U. S. NAVAL
Ultimate tensile strength    18,000 CIVIL
ENGINEERING
Allowable tensile stress s 4,000
LABAORATORY
Allowable bond stress u 50 Port Hueneme,
Modulus of elasticity E 0.3x106 California
By
Francis E. Brink
and Paul J. Rush

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 FEATURES OF BAMBOO
•Bamboo as a raw material is non-forest product
available in plenty. It is fast growing renewable
resource .

•Bamboo has good physical and mechanical

properties.

•Bamboo is unique in that it is strong in both

tension and compression.

•Tensile strength, compressive strength, modules of elasticity is far

more greater than in any wood.

•It is durable (for 30 years) and weather resistant.

•Light weight, modular and interchangeable.

BAMBOO
•Good thermal and acoustical properties. AS A
REINFORCEMEN
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SELECTION AND PREPARATION
OF BAMBOO
The following factors should be considered in the selection of
bamboo culms (whole plants) for use as reinforcement in concrete
structures:
• Use only bamboo showing a pronounced brown color. This will
insure that the plant is at least three years old.
• Select the longest large diameter culms available.
• Do not use whole culms of green, unseasoned bamboo.
• Avoid bamboo cut in spring or early summer. These culms are
generally weaker due to increased fiber moisture content.

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 BENDING
Bamboo can be permanently bent if heat is applied while applying pressure. This
procedure can be used for forming splints into C-shaped stirrups and for putting
hooks on reinforcement for additional anchorage.

WATERPROOF COATINGS
When seasoned bamboo, either split or whole, is used as reinforcement, it
should receive a waterproof coating to reduce swelling when in contact with
concrete. Without some type of coating, bamboo will swell before the concrete
has developed sufficient strength to prevent cracking and the member may be BAMBOO
damaged, AS A
REINFORCEMEN
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 SELECTION AND
PREPARATION OF BAMBOO
SELECTION

• Use only bamboo showing a pronounced brown color. This will

insure that the plant is at least three years old.

• Select the longest large diameter culms available.

• Do not use whole culms of green, unseasoned bamboo.

• Avoid bamboo cut in spring or early summer. These culms are

generally weaker due to increased fiber moisture content.

BAMBOO
AS A
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 CONSTRUCTION PRINCIPLES
In general, techniques used in conventional reinforced concrete construction need
not be changed when bamboo is to be used for reinforcement.

Concrete Mix Proportions

The same mix designs can be used as would normally be used with steel
reinforced concrete. Concrete slump should be as low as workability will allow.
Excess water causes swelling of the bamboo. High early-strength cement is
BAMBOO
preferred to minimize cracks caused by swelling of bamboo when seasoned
bamboo cannot be waterproofed.
AS A
REINFORCEMEN
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 PLACEMENT OF BAMBOO
Bamboo reinforcement should not be placed less than 1-1/2 inches
from the face of the concrete surface. When using whole culms, the
top and bottom of the stems should be alternated in every row and
the nodes or collars, should be staggered. This will insure a fairly
uniform cross section of the bamboo throughout the length of the
member, and the wedging effect obtained at the nodes will
materially increase the bond between concrete and bamboo.

Bamboo must be securely tied down

before placing the concrete. It should
be fixed at regular intervals of 3 to 4
feet to prevent it from floating up in
the concrete during placement and
BAMBOO
vibration.
AS A
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 ANCHORAGE AND SPLICING
OF REINFORCEMENTS

U. S. NAVAL
Dowels in the footings for column and CIVIL
wall reinforcement should be imbedded ENGINEERING
in the concrete to such a depth that the LABAORATORY
bond between bamboo and concrete will Port Hueneme,
resist the allowable tensile force in the California
dowel. This imbedded depth is By
approximately 10 times the diameter of Francis E. Brink
whole culms or 25 times the thickness and Paul J. Rush
of 3/4 inch wide splints.

BAMBOO
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 BAMBOO COLUMNS
Bamboo reinforcement in columns serves to resist a compression load
equal to that taken by the concrete it displaces; it also will resist shear
and tensile stresses. Of the full cross section of concrete, only 80
percent is considered effective in rectangular tied, columns. Allowable U. S. NAVAL
concrete stress should not exceed 0.225 f'c where f'c is the ultimate CIVIL
compressive strength of concrete. ENGINEERING
LABAORATORY
Port Hueneme,
California
By
Francis E. Brink
and Paul J. Rush

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 VERTICAL REINFORCEMENT
Vertical reinforcement should be approximately 4 percent of the
column cross section for rectangular columns. When bamboo is used
as lateral tie reinforcement, the ties should be spaced not over 16
times the least dimension of the vertical reinforcement nor farther
apart than the least dimension of the column. Enough ties should be
provided so that every vertical bar is held firmly in its designed
position and has lateral support equivalent to that provided by a 90-
degree corner of a tie.

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A common rule for
determining the size
of a tie is that its
cross-sectional area is
2 percent of the area
of all the vertical
reinforcement
confined by it.

The concrete cross-sectional area of bamboo reinforced

rectangular columns conservatively should be 2.25 times the
concrete area of steel reinforced rectangular columns,
indicating a 50-percent increase in face dimensions.
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 WALLS
Bamboo columns are spaced at 1.2 M interval.
Split bamboo grids are assembled with wire.
Chicken wire mesh is fixed to the bamboo splits.
Cement mortar plaster is applied to provide stability.
The finished wall thickness is about 50mm thick.

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 WHY BAMBOO
1. Affordability
2. Employment generation
3. Availability of raw materials
4. Adaptability
5. Flexibility
6. Technology
7. Quick to construct
8. Durability
9. Safety
10. Comfort
11. Environmental benefits
12. Control of deforestation
BAMBOO
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 EXAMPLE

Bridge for the "Bob Marley Factory hall in

Museum" in Jamaica Pennsylvania,
Colombia [1993]

BAMBOO
AS A
Michael McDonough’s chair Rocco Yim REINFORCEMEN
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 CONCLUSION
Due to the low modulus of elasticity of bamboo, flexural members will
nearly always develop some cracking under normal service loads. If
cracking cannot be tolerated, steel reinforced designs or designs based
on unreinforced sections are required.

Bamboo may never replace

concrete or wood entirely, but
chances are that it will become a
standard part of housing in the
future.

It identifies the potential for an alternative light construction method

at low cost for areas where steel reinforcement might be prohibitive.
In this case, bamboo might replace steel in light construction as the
tensile element in concrete design. BAMBOO
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REINFORCEMEN
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 CONCLUSION
It is a fact that the construction industry
is the main consumer of energy and
materials in most countries.

The pursuit of sustainable

development, that meets the needs of
the present without compromising the
ability of future generations

Some recommendations for future studies are proposed

with the hope that the newly developed material could
contribute, on a large scale, to sustainable development
without harming our globe. BAMBOO
AS A
REINFORCEMEN
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THANK YOU

BAMBOO
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REINFORCEMEN
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