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An Introduction
Panums Observations
7,782 inhabitants
No cases for 65 years
6,000 cases
incubation period 10-14 days
in affected villages, 19/20 fell ill
older people spared (0/98)
death: 23/1,000
Panums Observations
Of the 6,000 cases, [t]here was not a
single one in which it was justifiable to
attribute the affection to a miasmatic
origin, while at the same time it was
everywhere clear that the disease had
spread from man to man
Symptoms
10-14 days after exposure:
fever
cough
runny nose
sore throat
conjunctivitis
(Kopliks spots)
generalized rash large, red blotchy
spots
Stages of Measles
Complications of Measles
Common
ear infection (1 in 10)
diarrhea (1 in 10)
Severe
pneumonia (1 in 20)
encephalitis (1 in 1000) convulsions, deafness
Blindness (was leading cause in children in
2004)
death (1 in 1000)
Measles -- Treatment
Non-specific
hydration
food
analgesic, e.g., acetaminophen
Vitamin A supplementation if
indicated
Routes of Transmission of
Communicable Diseases
Measles
ARI
Malaria
Diarrhea
Other
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, FamineAffected, Refugee, and Displaced Populations: Recommendations
for Public Health Issues. MMWR, 1992;41(No. RR-13):8.