Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
MULTIVARIADOS
(Definiciones
Dr. Roberto Mercado
Hernndez,
Laboratorio de Estadstica,
Mxico
ANALISIS MULTIVARIADOS
(Definiciones)
Es la relacin (funcin) entre ms de dos variables, donde una de ellas se asume
como dependiente de las dems. Es el grado de asociacin entre ms de dos
variables, donde no hay una variable dependiente de las otras.
Es una tcnica para estudiar las asociaciones entre dos conjuntos de variables.
Correlacin
Ccorrelacionar simultaneamente varias variables dependientes y varias var. independientes
cannica
Consiste en la extraccin de relaciones entre categoras y define similaridades o
Correspondencia
disimilaridades entre ellas, lo que permitir su agrupamiento si se detecta que se
(A F C)
corresponden.
Regresin y
Correlacin
Componentes
principales
RMH
Anlisis Cluster
Anlisis
Discriminante
ANALISIS MULTIVARIADOS
(Condiciones)
Regresin
Correspondencias
(A F C)
Componentes
principales
(ACP)
RMH
Anlisis Cluster
(AC)
Anlisis
Discriminante
Componentes
Principales
No jerrquicos
Jerrquicos
RMH
Anlisis Cluster
Explicar
Predecir
Anlisis
Discriminante
ANALISIS MULTIVARIADOS
(Ecuaciones)
Regresin
Regresin mltiple
1
k.j
I(j) 1
Q
n
1
I(J k ) m k 1
Q
Inercia total
j
1
Q
Componentes principales
RMH
Anlisis Cluster
Frmula de Lance y Williams Dk(ij) = iDki + jDkj + Dij + Dki - Dkj
Anlisis Discriminante
Funcin discriminante de Fisher
PESO
51.4
72.0
53.2
83.2
57.4
66.5
98.3
74.8
92.2
97.9
88.1
94.8
62.8
81.6
14
L.
PICO
.2
1.9
.2
10.7
6.8
10.6
9.6
6.3
10.8
9.6
10.5
20.5
.4
2.3
14
L.
ALA
17.8
29.4
17.0
30.2
15.3
17.6
35.6
28.2
34.7
35.8
29.6
26.3
22.3
37.9
14
AREA
ALA
24.6
20.7
18.5
10.6
8.9
11.1
10.6
8.8
11.9
10.8
11.7
6.7
26.5
20.0
14
L.
COLA
18.9
8.0
22.6
7.1
27.3
20.8
5.6
13.1
5.9
5.5
7.8
10.0
14.3
.5
14
Statistics
N
Mean
Std. Error of Mean
Std. Deviation
Skewness
Kurtosis
Minimum
Maximum
(Constant)
L. PICO
L. ALA
AREA ALA
L. COLA
B
-30.137
2.070
2.582
.636
1.106
Std. Error
37.528
.456
.740
.460
.765
L.
PICO
14
7.171
1.543
5.774
.613
.606
.2
20.5
L. ALA
14
26.98
2.078
7.777
-.216
-1.385
15.3
37.9
AREA
ALA
14
14.386
1.699
6.358
.811
-.737
6.7
26.5
L.
COLA
14
11.957
2.086
7.807
.632
-.554
.5
27.3
RMH
Model Summary
Unstandardized
Coefficients
Model
1
PESO
14
76.729
4.428
16.567
-.185
-1.392
51.4
98.3
t
-.803
4.537
3.490
1.382
1.446
Sig.
.443
.001
.007
.200
.182
Model
1
R
.988a
R Square
.976
Adjusted
R Square
.965
a.
ANOVAb
Variables no
significativas
Model
1
a.
Regression
Residual
Total
Sum of
Squares
3480.994
86.854
3567.849
df
4
9
13
Mean Square
870.249
9.650
F
90.177
Sig.
.000a
LOCALIDAD
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
3.00
3.00
3.00
3.00
3.00
15
PESO
51.4
72.0
53.2
83.2
57.4
66.5
98.3
74.8
92.2
97.9
88.1
94.8
62.8
81.6
80.0
15
L.
PICO
.2
1.9
.2
10.7
6.8
10.6
9.6
6.3
10.8
9.6
10.5
20.5
.4
2.3
3.5
15
L.
ALA
17.8
29.4
17.0
30.2
15.3
17.6
35.6
28.2
34.7
35.8
29.6
26.3
22.3
37.9
35.0
15
AREA
ALA
24.6
20.7
18.5
10.6
8.9
10.1
10.6
8.8
9.9
10.8
11.7
25.0
26.5
20.0
24.0
15
L.
COLA
18.9
8.0
22.6
7.1
27.3
20.8
5.6
13.1
5.9
5.5
7.8
10.0
14.3
.5
1.3
15
RMH
Step
1
2
L. ALA
L. ALA
AREA ALA
Min. D
Squared
Tolerance
1.000
F to Remove
30.725
.974
27.028
.846
.974
5.191
1.115
Between
Groups
1.00 and
3.00
2.00 and
3.00
Eigenvalue % of Variance
5.125a
84.5
a
.942
15.5
Cumulative %
84.5
100.0
Canonical
Correlation
.915
.697
EJEMPLO DE CORRSPONDENCIAS
Localidad
A
RMH
Localidad
B
Especie 1
Especie 2
Pupas
Larvas
Pupas
Larvas
M.
Natural
50
315
24
4012
M. P.
Asesinato
40
459
M.
Natural
41
147
14
1594
M. P.
Asesinato
11
124
Coordenada
1
Coordenada
2
Hileras
Loc. 1 M. natural (1)
Loc. 1 M.P. asesinato (2)
Loc. 2 M. natural (3)
Loc. 2 M.P. asesinato (4)
- 0.037
0.043
0.070
0.104
- 0.002
0.052
- 0.008
- 0.032
Columnas
Sp. 1 pupas (5)
Sp. 1 larvas (6)
Sp. 2 pupas (7)
Sp. 2 larvas (8)
0.350
0.060
0.202
- 0.012
- 0.045
- 0.001
0.180
0.000
Categoras
0.2
7
RMH
Coordenada 2
0.05
0.01
3
8
0.0
-0.001
6
1
-0.002
-0.01
0.0
0.1
0.2
Coordenada 1
0.3
0.4
RMH
LOCALIDAD
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
3.00
3.00
3.00
3.00
3.00
15
PESO
51.4
72.0
53.2
83.2
57.4
66.5
98.3
74.8
92.2
97.9
88.1
94.8
62.8
81.6
80.0
15
L.
PICO
.2
1.9
.2
10.7
6.8
10.6
9.6
6.3
10.8
9.6
10.5
20.5
.4
2.3
3.5
15
L.
ALA
17.8
29.4
17.0
30.2
15.3
17.6
35.6
28.2
34.7
35.8
29.6
26.3
22.3
37.9
35.0
15
AREA
ALA
24.6
20.7
18.5
10.6
8.9
10.1
10.6
8.8
9.9
10.8
11.7
25.0
26.5
20.0
24.0
15
L.
COLA
18.9
8.0
22.6
7.1
27.3
20.8
5.6
13.1
5.9
5.5
7.8
10.0
14.3
.5
1.3
15
Communalities
PESO
L. PICO
L. ALA
AREA ALA
L. COLA
Raw
Initial
Extraction
255.560
248.866
31.854
12.302
91.089
53.030
46.546
3.810
64.164
42.513
Raw
Component
1
2
3
4
5
Total
360.520
59.237
47.924
18.715
2.816
Initial Eigenvalues
% of Variance Cumulative %
73.694
73.694
12.109
85.803
9.796
95.599
3.825
99.424
.576
100.000
PESO
L. PICO
L. ALA
AREA ALA
L. COLA
Raw
Component
1
15.775
3.507
7.282
-1.952
-6.520
Rescaled
Component
1
.987
.621
.763
-.286
-.814
b
Total Variance Explained
a
Raw
Component
1
2
3
4
5
Total
264.433
67.821
1.898
.407
-1.85E-14
Initial Eigenvalues
% of Variance Cumulative %
79.039
79.039
20.272
99.311
.567
99.878
.122
100.000
-5.519E-15
100.000
PESO
L. PICO
L. ALA
AREA ALA
L. COLA
Raw
Initial
Extraction
187.508
187.364
21.503
20.122
.668
.119
44.923
44.779
79.957
79.870
Raw
Component
RMH
PESO
L. PICO
L. ALA
AREA ALA
L. COLA
1
13.674
3.222
-.237
-2.503
-7.794
2
-.617
-3.122
.251
6.206
-4.372
Rescaled
Component
1
.999
.695
-.290
-.373
-.872
2
-.045
-.673
.307
.926
-.489
1
6.800
4.249
-.332
-6.664
.326
2
11.880
1.438
-.096
.611
-8.931
Rescaled
Component
1
.497
.916
-.406
-.994
.036
.868
.310
-.118
.091
-.999
RMH
% of Variance = 94.84 in Component 1
Localidad 2
l. pico
Localidad 3
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Total
RMH
LOCALIDAD
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
3.00
3.00
3.00
3.00
3.00
15
PESO
51.4
72.0
53.2
83.2
57.4
66.5
98.3
74.8
92.2
97.9
88.1
94.8
62.8
81.6
80.0
15
L.
PICO
.2
1.9
.2
10.7
6.8
10.6
9.6
6.3
10.8
9.6
10.5
20.5
.4
2.3
3.5
15
Proximity Matrix
Case
LOCALIDAD
PESO
L. PICO
L. ALA
AREA ALA
L. COLA
LOCALIDAD
.476
.261
.677
.296
-.528
PESO
.476
.681
.656
-.282
-.781
AREA
ALA
24.6
20.7
18.5
10.6
8.9
10.1
10.6
8.8
9.9
10.8
11.7
25.0
26.5
20.0
24.0
15
L.
COLA
18.9
8.0
22.6
7.1
27.3
20.8
5.6
13.1
5.9
5.5
7.8
10.0
14.3
.5
1.3
15
Agglomeration Schedule
C A S E
Label
Num
L.
ALA
17.8
29.4
17.0
30.2
15.3
17.6
35.6
28.2
34.7
35.8
29.6
26.3
22.3
37.9
35.0
15
AREA ALA
.296
-.282
-.361
-.242
-.100
L. COLA
-.528
-.781
-.177
-.607
-.100
Stage
1
2
3
4
5
Cluster Combined
Cluster 1
Cluster 2
2
3
1
4
1
2
5
6
1
5
Coefficients
.681
.677
.415
-.100
-.335
0
5
10
15
20
25
+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+
Peso
L. Pico
Loc.
L. Ala
A. Ala
L. Cola
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Total
LOCALIDAD
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
3.00
3.00
3.00
3.00
3.00
15
PESO
51.4
72.0
53.2
83.2
57.4
66.5
98.3
74.8
92.2
97.9
88.1
94.8
62.8
81.6
80.0
15
L.
PICO
.2
1.9
.2
10.7
6.8
10.6
9.6
6.3
10.8
9.6
10.5
20.5
.4
2.3
3.5
15
L.
ALA
17.8
29.4
17.0
30.2
15.3
17.6
35.6
28.2
34.7
35.8
29.6
26.3
22.3
37.9
35.0
15
AREA
ALA
24.6
20.7
18.5
10.6
8.9
10.1
10.6
8.8
9.9
10.8
11.7
25.0
26.5
20.0
24.0
15
RMH
L.
COLA
18.9
8.0
22.6
7.1
27.3
20.8
5.6
13.1
5.9
5.5
7.8
10.0
14.3
.5
1.3
15
Min. D Squared
Step
1
2
Entered
Statistic
L. ALA
1.115
AREA ALA
5.323
Between
Groups
2.00 and
3.00
2.00 and
3.00
df1
df2
Sig.
2.788
12.000
.121
6.100
11.000
1.650E-02
At each step, the variable that maximizes the Mahalanobis distance between the two closest
groups is entered.
Eigenvalues
Function
1
2
Eigenvalue % of Variance
5.125a
84.5
.942a
15.5
Cumulative %
84.5
100.0
Canonical
Correlation
.915
.697
Structure Matrix
1
1.005
.032
Function
1
Function
L. ALA
AREA ALA
Exact F
Statistic
2
.130
1.013
L. ALA
L. COLAa
AREA ALA
L. PICOa
PESOa
.999*
-.561*
-.129
-.301
.247
2
-.032
-.083
.992*
-.405*
-.258*
Highest Group
Case Number
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Original
RMH
Actual Group
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
Predicted
Group
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2**
3
3
3
3
P(D>d | G=g)
p
df
.300
.687
.939
.454
.324
.394
.962
.715
1.000
.943
.480
.555
.131
.183
.409
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Discriminant Scores
P(G=g | D=d)
.996
.997
1.000
1.000
1.000
.836
.931
.977
.939
.928
.753
.987
.874
.680
.946
Squared
Mahalanobis
Distance to
Centroid
2.405
.752
.126
1.578
2.255
1.862
.077
.670
.001
.118
1.468
1.178
4.072
3.397
1.786
Function 1
-2.742
-2.525
-2.876
-3.119
-2.768
.543
2.138
2.705
1.916
2.187
.698
-.015
-.970
2.751
2.077
Function 2
1.304
.576
.103
-1.462
-1.746
-1.084
-.780
-1.055
-.944
-.735
-.753
1.736
1.903
1.124
1.813
Classification Resultsa
3
Original
LOCALIDAD
Group Centroids
Function 2
2
-1
3
2
-2
1
-4
-3
Function 1
Count
-2
-1
LOCALIDAD
1.00
2.00
3.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
Total
5
5
5
100.0
100.0
100.0
LITERATURA