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Introuction
WHO definition of health:
A state of complete physical, mental and
social well-being and not merely the absence of
disease or infirmity
Preservation and maintenance of working

environment to promote health

Protecting workers from risks and other
occupational hazards

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Importance: Industrial environment

can impair employees health
Continuous work
because:
Poor sanitary conditions
Smoke, dust and heat
Chemical effluents
Stress and strain
Time pressures
Exhaustion due to poor design of work place

and tools

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Symptoms of poor health or safety

conditions

Absenteeism
Alchoholism
Accidents
High turnover
Low efficiency
Low productivity
Discontent
High rate of discipline cases
Occupational diseases
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Evolution of the Concept

Initiatives taken by

Philanthropists and social

workers
ILO recommendations
Legislative measures by
various organisations
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ILO: origin and history

The ILO was founded in 1919, in the wake of a

destructive war,
to pursue a vision based on the premise that
universal, lasting peace can be established only if it
is based upon decent treatment of working people.
The ILO regularly holds meetings at the
international, regional, national and sectoral level
to examine social and labour issues of interest to
governments, employers' and workers'
organizations.
The ILO plans for events and campaigns to draw in
participation and raise public awareness for labour
and social issues worldwide.
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Legislative measures in
India
1923- Workmen compensation Act
1943- Health survey and development

committee- Report
1948- The factories Act
1969- Labour welfare committeeRecommendations
1969- National Commission on LabourRecommendations

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Legislative measures in
USA
1910- Federal bureau of mines
1962- The federal coal mine safety act
1969- The federal coal mine health and safety

act
1970- OSHA Occupational Safety and Health
Act
1973- HMO- Health Maintence Organisation
Act

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Occupational hazards
Chemical hazards
Carbonmonoxide; sulphur dioxide; sulphuric
acid; alkalies etc.
Gas fumes and dust raised by industrial
processes are dangerous to human beings.
By inhaling such fumes, workers may suffer
from respiratory disorders, skin diseases,
allergy, heart-attacks and neurological
disorders.
Can be temporary or chronic
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Occupational
hazards
Biological hazards
Bacteria, viruses, dietary deficiencies..etc.

Environmental hazards
Noise pollution
Vibration and shocks
Illumination
Heat
Radiation
Psychological hazards
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Occupational
diseases.
Asbestosis among asbestos miners and those
who work with friable asbestos insulation.
Black Lung Disease among coal miners
Radiation sickness among persons who work
in the nuclear industry.
Byssinosis among workers in parts of the
cotton textile industry
MSD and RSIs

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Protection against diseases

Preventive Steps
Pre-employment medical examination
Periodic post-employment medical examination
Surveillance of employees exposed to health
hazards
Availability and training of first-aid equipments
Proper factory layout and illumination and
ventilation
Proper effluent disposal treatment plant
Proper rescheduling work with adequate rest

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Protection against
diseases..cntd.

Curative measures

Adequate medical treatment

Allowing adequate period of

recuperating
Adequate compensation
Provision of best medical treatment
from outside hospitals
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Mental illness
Mental conditions are influenced by:
Personality
His perception
Type of job
Career opportunities
Supervisor, colleagues

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Mental illness
contd.
Mental illness can also cause physical illness.
Symptoms of mental illness

Alcoholism
Drug abuse
Absenteeism
Accidents
Psychosomatic disorders
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Alcoholism & Drug abuse

Loss of man days
Loss of efficiency and productivity
Adverse effect on interpersonal relationship
Damage to individuals health

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Absenteeism and
turnover
Symptoms of a disease and not disease by
themselves
Manifestation of mental illness or Labour
discontent.
Absenteeism Vs. Absence

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Causes of absenteeism
Organisational factors
Organisational issues
Strictness or leniency on
part of management
Job factors
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Causes of
absenteeism.contd
Environmental factors
Socio-economic factors
Poverty
Unhygenic
Maternity

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conditions

Causes of
absenteeism.contd
Environmental

factors..contd.
Religio-cultural factors
India

is a multi-linguistic, multireligious group

Large no. of public holidays
Migratory labour
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Causes of
absenteeism.contd
Personal factors
Biographical aspects
Age,

gender, educational
level, marital status etc.

Psychological aspects

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Remedial measures
Carry out data collection on

absenteeism
Employee surveys
Gap

between employee expectation and

reality
Morale
Job satisfaction etc.
Incentive schemes like attendance

bonus
Improve organisation climate/
culture
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Remedial measures

Improve QWL of employees

Counselling
Participative management

system
Intorduce both +ve
steps(incentive for attendence)
and ve steps ( disciplinary
actions like fine)
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Turnover rate
Take your average number of employees on

payroll for the year and divide into the

average total of separations (discharges,
layoffs, resignations--not retirements.

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Costs Incurred by Accidents

on
the
Job

Costs of an accident

Direct costs workers compensation

Indirect costs of an accident
Cost of wages paid for time lost
Cost of damage to material or equipment
Cost of overtime work by others required by the accident
Cost of wages paid to supervisors while their time is
required for activities resulting from the accident
Costs of decreased output of the injured worker after
return to work
Costs associated with the time it takes for a new worker
to learn the job
Uninsured medical costs borne by the company
Cost of time spend by higher management and clerical
workers to investigate or to process workers
compensation forms
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