Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
(FG 3124)
Photogrammetry
H A Nalani
Faculty of Geomatics
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Introduction
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Introduction
Contents
Geometry of vertical Photograph
Scale of a vertical photograph over flat 6
variable terrain
Ground coordinates from a vertical
photograph
Relief displacement on a vertical photograph
Flying height of a vertical photograph
Differential formulae
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Introduction
Vertical Photograph
What is Vertical Photograph?....
Photograph taken from an aircraft with the
optical axis of the camera vertical or as
nearly vertical as possible are called .
Vertical photograph
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Introduction
Vertical Photograph
If he optical axis is exactly vertical, the
resulting photograph is called truly vertical.
When camera axis is tilted slightly from
vertical, called tilted/ near vertical photogarph
less than 1
Many practical purposes, these photos may be analyzed
using the relatively simple truly vertical equations
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Introduction
Introduction
Focal
length
Focal
plane
Focal
length
Lens
Lens
Angle of
coverage
Angle of
coverage
Ground
Ground
FOR 220 Aerial Photo Interpretation and Forest Measurements
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Introduction
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Introduction
Scale
Map scale is ordinarily interpreted as the ratio of a
map distance to the corresponding distance on the
ground.
The scale of a photograph is the ratio of a distance
on the photo to the corresponding distance on the
ground.
An aerial photograph, is a perspective projection,
its scale varies with variations in terrain elevations.
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Introduction
Scale
Scale of a vertical photograph over flat terrain:
ab
f
S
AB H
Example:
A vertical aerial photograph is
taken over flat terrain with a
152.4mm focal length from an
altitude of 1830m above
ground.
What is the photo scale?
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Introduction
Scale
L
f
o
a b
H
OA
h2
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havg
Introduction
Scale
Scale of a vertical photograph over variable
terrain:
Lab & LAB triangles:
S AB
ab La
AB LA
La
f
LA H h
S AB
f
f
S avg
H h
H havg
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Introduction
a
A0 A H h A X A
H hA
X A x a
a
A0 A H h A Y A
H hA
YA ya
Ground coordinates of B:
H hB
X B xb
H hB
YB yb
AB
X A X B 2 YB Y A 2
XB
APB 90 tan
YB
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YA
XA
tan 1
Introduction
Relief Displacement on a VP
What is Relief Displacement on a Vertical
photograph ?...
Relief displacement is the shift or displacement in the
photograph position of an image caused by the relief of the
object, i.e. elevation above or below a selected datum.
With respect to a datum, relief displacement is outward for
points whose elevations are above datum and inward for
points whose elevations are below datum.
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Introduction
Relief Displacement on a VP
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Introduction
Relief Displacement on a VP
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Introduction
Relief Displacement on a VP
Lao & LAA0 triangles:
r
f
R H hA
fR r H hA
or r H fR
R H
rh
d
H
r ' H r H hA
d - relief displacement
h - height above datum of object
r - radial distance on photo from principal
point to displaced point
H - flying height
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Introduction
Relief Displacement on a VP
Vertical heights of objects such as buildings, poles, etc,
appearing on aerial photo can be calculated from relief
displacements:
dH
h
r
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Introduction
Flying height of a VP
ab
f
S
AB H
AB
XA XB
YB YA
x
x
AB 2 b H hg a H h A
f
f
yb
H hB ya H h A
f
f
b b 2 4ac
H
2a
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Introduction
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Introduction
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Introduction
p
x
Image plane
O
d
dy0
c
dx0
dz0
x
R
Projection Plane
P
dy
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Introduction
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Introduction
x R cos
y R sin
h
x
tan
cos
y h. tan
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h
x x.
c
h
y y.
c
x h. tan
h
y
. tan
cos
Photogrammetry II (FC3124) 2007
Introduction
h
x
. tan
cos
h( sin )
dx
. tan .d
2
cos
tan sin
dx h
.d
2
cos
but ,
tan
x
h2 y2
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, sin
y
h2 y2
, cos
h
h2 y 2
Introduction
dx h.
x
h y
2
h2 y2
xy
dx .d
h
y2
.d
2
h
(1)
xy
dx
.d
h
y2
dy h. 1 2
h
Again,
y h. tan
dy h sec 2 .d
y
dy h.
. h
h2
.d
2
h
but , d d
2
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.d
(a)
(2)
Photogrammetry II (FC3124) 2007
Introduction
x h. tan
dx h. sec .d
2
but ,
cos
h
dx h.
dx h.
h
h2 x2
x2
.d
2
h
x2
1 2 .d
h
2
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(3)
Photogrammetry II (FC3124) 2007
Introduction
y
Again,
but , tan
2
2
h x
h
y
. tan
cos
x
sin
2
2
h sin
h
x
dy
. tan .d
2
cos
h
cos
tan . sin
2
2
dy h.
.d
h
x
2
cos
y
x
h2 x2
dy h.
.
.
.d
2
h
h2 x2 h2 x2
xy
(4)
dy .d
h HAN
Photogrammetry II (FC3124) 2007
Introduction
but
d d
xy
dy
.d
h
x2
dx h. 1 2
h
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(b)
.d
Introduction
but , d d
so;
dx y.d
x R. cos
dx R sin .d
dx yd
(5)
dy x.d
(c)
y R. sin
dy R cos .d
dx xd
(6)
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Introduction
dx dx0
dy dy 0
Due to dz0 :
h
x x .
c
h
y y .
c
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.x
dx .dh
c
x
dx .dh
h
y
dy .dh
c
y
dy .dh
h
Photogrammetry II (FC3124) 2007
(7)
(8)
Introduction
dx dbx
but , dh dz 0
dy dby
x
dx .dz 0
h
y
dy .dz 0
h
x
dx .dbz
h
y
dy .dbz
h
(d)
But the movements dx0, dy0 ad dz0 will change the base
when we consider two photographs. dx0 dbx
dy0 dby
dz0 dbz
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Introduction
dx
dbx
dbx
dby
x
.dbz
h
dbz
dy
y
.dbz
h
y.d
x.d
x2
h 1 2
h
d
d
.d
xy
.d
h
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xy
.d
h
y2
h 1 2 .d
h
Introduction
x
x2
xy
dx dbx .dbz yd h 1 2 d .d
h
h
h
y
xy
y2
dy db y .dbz xd .d h 1 2 d
h
h
h
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Introduction
To be continued..
Numerical Orientation
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Introduction