Implementing E-Government and eGovernance In Bosnia and Herzegovina

Issues and Challanges

Global Context
E-Government originated in late seventies
Huge expansion in early nineties with the

advent of WWW
ICT have tremendous potential
Omnipresence of Technology and internet
access on of the defining feature of
Developed countries
Computer became essential tool

Defining e-Government
E-government is a generic term for web-based services from

agencies of local, state and federal governments

UN Definition:
E-government is defined as utilizing the Internet and the world-

wide-web for delivering government information and services to

citizens. (UNPAN.org)
World Bank Definition:
E-Government refers to the use by government agencies of

information technologies (such as Wide Area Networks, the

Internet, and mobile computing) that have the ability to transform
relations with citizens, businesses, and other arms of government.
These technologies can serve a variety of different ends: better
delivery of government services to citizens, improved interactions
with business and industry, citizen empowerment through access
to information, or more efficient government management. The
resulting benefits can be less corruption, increased transparency,
greater convenience, revenue growth, and/or cost reductions.

Defining e-Government
Definition of the Working Group on E-

government in the Developing World

(www.pacificcouncil.org):
E-government is the use of information and

communication technologies (ICTs) to promote

more efficient and effective government,
facilitate more accessible government services,
allow greater public access to information, and
make government more accountable to citizens.
E-government might involve delivering services
via the Internet, telephone, community centers
(self-service or facilitated by others), wireless
devices or other communications systems.

Key features of eGovernment

Involves using the ICT (especially internet)
Improvement of Government services

delivery
Enables interaction
Open 24h/7days
Reduces costs
Less time consuming

Defining e-Governance
E-governance, meaning electronic governance is using

information and communication technologies (ICTs) at

various levels of the government and the public sector
and beyond, for the purpose of enhancing governance.
Keohane and Nye (2000) defined e-gov. as follows:
Governance implies the processes and institutions, both

formal and informal, that guide and restrain the collective

activities of a group. Government is the subset that acts
with authority and creates formal obligations. Governance
need not necessarily be conducted exclusively by
governments. Private firms, associations of firms,
nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), and associations of
NGOs all engage in it, often in association with
governmental bodies, to create governance; sometimes
without governmental authority.

Defining e-Governance
The UNESCO definition (www.unesco.org) is:
E-governance is the public sectors use of information and

communication technologies with the aim of improving

information and service delivery, encouraging citizen
participation in the decision-making process and making
government more accountable, transparent and effective. Egovernance involves new styles of leadership, new ways of
debating and deciding policy and investment, new ways of
accessing education, new ways of listening to citizens and new
ways of organizing and delivering information and services. Egovernance is generally considered as a wider concept than egovernment, since it can bring about a change in the way
citizens relate to governments and to each other. Egovernance can bring forth new concepts of citizenship, both
in terms of citizen needs and responsibilities. Its objective is to
engage, enable and empower the citizen.

E-Government Services
Three main target groups
Government
Citizens and
Business/Interest groups

G2C Government to Citizen

G2C are those activities in which the

government provides one-stop, on-line

access to information and services to
citizens. (taxes, driving licenses, change of
residence, provide useful information on
health, tourism, employability, safety,
conduct online education, etc.)

E-Government Services
G2B Government to Business
G2B includes two two-way interactions and

transactions: government-to-business and businessto-government (B2G). B2G refers to businesses selling

products and services to government.
Two key G2B areas are e-procurement and auctioning
of government surpluses.
G2G Government to Government
G2G deals with those activities that take place

between different government organizations/agencies

Many of these activities are aimed at improving the
efficiency and effectiveness of overall government
operations

Status of e-Government in the

World
UN index of e-government implementation
Five stage model of e-government

framework
Emerging Presence (Stage I)
Enhanced Presence (Stage II)
Interactive Presence (Stage III)
Transactional Presence (Stage IV)
Networked Presence (Stage V)

E-Government in Bosnia and

Herzegovina
Complexity of Bosnian political system
The Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2002

embarked on the process of developing a country-wide ICT strategy,

which included several initatives
In May 2003 signed agreement on ICT development (BiH and UNDP)
Policy, Strategy and Action Plan for Development of Information
Society in Bosnia and Herzegovina for the period 2004- 2010
(adopted in November 2004 by CMofBiH)
Strategy incorporated:
ICT Infrastructure
ICT Industry
ICT and sustainable development
E-Business
E-Health
E-legislative
E-Education
E-Administration

Accomplishments
Governmental sessions without paper
Establishmnet of unified platform for

document processin of CMofBiH

IDEEA Agency
eID
Web Portal E-Srpska
Electronic Registries
Several laws related to e-security, ebussines,

Future Prospects
Establishment of FE-Government Portal (FE-Uprava)
G2C
E-Tax
Car Registration
Residence certificate

G2B
One stop registration
Public announcments
Taxes

G2G
Implementation of Horizontal functioning systems and

services
Public Procurement

Direct influence of eGovernment

1

Key Issues in e-government

Privacy and Security
Misuse and abuse of personal data

Trust
Resistance to Change
Digital Divide
Computer Illiteracy