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Ethernet Basics
Ethernet
The diagram .. was drawn by Dr. Robert M. Metcalfe in 1976 to present Ethernet to the National Computer
Conference in June of that year.
Topics
What is Ethernet ?
History
1969
1970
1972
History
1976
1980
1981
1982
1985
History
1986
1987
1991
1994
1995
1997
Ethernet TCP/IP
LAYER 7
Modbus etc.
TCPHeader
TCP-DATA
TCP-frame
IPHeader
IP-DATA
IP-frame
EthernetHeader
Ethernet-DATA
Ethernetframe
FCS
Station is ready to
send
check
Ether
Waiting according
to back-off algorithm
Medium
occupied
medium
available
Sending of data and
checking the Ether
No collision
Discovered
collision
send
jam signal
Back-Off Algorithm
50%
75%
87,5%
16
93,75%
32
96,88%
64
98,44
128
99,22%
256
99,61%
512
99,80%
1024
99,90%
1024
99,90%
1024
99,90%
1024
99,90%
1024
99,90%
1024
99,90%
1024
99,90%
5
6
7
8
9
10
Schutzvermerk nach DIN 34 beachten
11
12
13
14
15
16
...
......
.........
............
...............
...............
...............
...............
...............
...............
...............
...............
25.6s
25.6s
Station 2
51.2s
The waiting time is also called collision window, the offset
(9.6s) is called gap.
Only after the time of the collision window has passed,
you can be certain that there will be no more collision.
Example
waiting time(B)
transmission
9.6s
NO
9.6s+51.2s
YES
9.6s
YES
9.6s+51.2s
NO
high
High
throughput
Overload
Beginning
problems
delay
low
10 %
20 %
30 %
Network load
40 %
50 %
60 %
70 %
80 %
Ethernet address
Ethernet frame
Ethernet II DIX Frame:
Preamble
DA
SA
Type
Data
>=46
Pad
FCS
Preamble
SFD
DA
SA
LEN
Data
>=46
Pad
FCS
Ethernet frame
Preamble
DA (Destination Address)
Evaluated by the recipients address filter; only data frames destined for
this recipient will be passed on to the communication software.
SA (Source Address)
Schutzvermerk nach DIN 34 beachten
Senders address
LEN (Length)
Indicates the length of the subsequent data field in Bytes according to
IEEE 802.3.
Ethernet frame
Ethernet Address
Example: 10base5
10
Transmission rate in Mbytes/s
base
Base or Broadband
5 Segment length in 100 meters
UTP
unshielded twisted pair
STP
shielded twisted pair
S/STP
screened shielded twisted pair
Ethernet topologies
Ethernet Media
Extension
Segment: 500m
Total: 2500m (with 4 repeaters)
100baseTX UTP
Hub-Station: 100m
100baseFX
Hub-Station: 400m
25km (with Mono mode fibre)
1000baseSX
Hub-Station: 550m
Repeater / Hub
Repeater
Hub
Bridge
E
F
Bridge
A
C
B
D
Bridge
Switch
Hub - Switch
A
H
G
D
Time
B
C
Hub
F
D
E
Switch
D
E
Hub
Cut-Trough Switch
noc cheking of the data frames
Store-and-Forward
checking of the data frames
Frames with same destination
kept in internal short term memory thus queueing them
discard them or create collision
Broadcast messages
go to all stations anyway (z.B. ARP) so switches are of
no advantage here
there are specific approaches of different switch
manufacturers to reduce broadcast data traffic
Network socket
Patch cable
Hub/Switch
Patch field
RJ 45
Hub/Switch
www
http://www.gigabit-ethernet.org
http://wwwhost.ots.utexas.edu/ethernet/
http://www.3com.com/technology/tech_net/white_papers/index.html#ethernet
http://www.iaopennetworking.com/