EFH Equivalent Flat Haul

Efficiency Measure and

Planning Tool

Definition
EFH Equivalent Flat Haul.
The theoretical equivalent distance a truck
could travel in the same time on a flat haul
road.

Application
For each grade, divide the flat haul speed by the
speed on grade. For example, if the flat haul
speed is 40km/hr and the average speed on a
10% ramp is 10km/hr, then the EFH factor for
any 10% ramp is 40/10 or 4.
The horizontal distance of each road segment is
multiplied by the EFH factor for that segment.
For Example if the 10% road segment from
above was 500m long, then the Equivalent Flat
Haul for that segment of road would be 500 x 4
or 2000m.

Example Case 1
10 km/hr

40 km/hr
10 km/hr
EFH Speed = 40km/hr

Dist = 1km

Dist = 2km

Dist = 1km

Cycle Time =

EFH = 40/10 * 1

EFH = 40/40 * 1

EFH = 40/10 * 1

10/(40/60) = 15 min.

= 4km

= 2 km

= 4km

Average Speed =

4 / (15/60) = 16km/hr

Dist = 1 + 2 + 1 = 4km

EFH = 4 + 2 + 4 = 10km

Example Case 2
40 km/hr

40 km/hr

10 km/hr
EFH Speed = 40 km/hr

Dist = 1km

Dist = 2km

Dist = 1km

Cycle Time =

EFH = 40/10 * 1

EFH = 40/40 * 1

EFH = 40/40 * 1

7/(40/60) = 10.5 min.

= 4km

= 2 km

= 1km

Average Speed =

4/(10.5/60) = 22.9 km/hr

Dist = 1 + 2 + 1 = 4km

EFH = 4 + 2 + 1 = 7km

Example Case 3
10 km/hr

20 km/hr

40 km/hr
10 km/hr
EFH Speed = 40 km/hr

Dist = 1km

Dist = 1km

Dist = 1km

Dist = 1km

Cycle Time =

EFH = 40/10 * 1

EFH = 40/10 * 1

EFH = 40/20 * 1

EFH = 40/40 * 1

11/(40/60) = 16.5 min.

= 4km

= 4km

= 2km

= 1km

Average Speed =

4/(16.5/60) = 14.5 km/hr

Dist = 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 4km

EFH = 4 + 4 + 2 + 1 = 11 km

Note: These are examples only for one way loaded hauls. Speeds have
been chose for easy computations and do not reflect the recommended speeds

Advantages
Planning
For a given haul profile, quickly estimate cycle
time, and therefore trucking requirements,
without having to do TALPAC/FPC simulations
and/or use historical times.

Operations
Allows for productivity comparisons between
areas, shifts on a fairer basis, because it
takes into account different haul profiles.

Productivity Measures
TonneEFH/Hour
Provides a method for
comparing
performance between
shifts, areas on a
fairer basis.
Measure of how
effectively trucking
resources are being
used
Truck Performance
Graph

Tonnes EFH
Ready Hours

Truck Performance Graph Month

to Date
Minera Yanacocha Haulage Fleet Efficiency Factors - Combined Cat 785C
80

3000

70
60

TonneKilometres/Hour (EFH)

Wait%,KM(EFH),KM/Hr(EFH)

2500

2000
50
40

1500

30

1000
20
500
10
0

Guardia 1 Wait%
Guardia 4 Wait%
Guardia 2 EKM/Hr
Average EKM/Hr
Guardia 3 EFH
Guardia 1 MEF

Guardia 2 Wait%
Average Wait%
Guardia 3 EKM/Hr
Guardia 1 EFH
Guardia 4 EFH
Guardia 2 MEF

Guardia 3 Wait%
Guardia 1 EKM/Hr
Guardia 4 EKM/Hr
Guardia 2 EFH
Average EFH
Guardia 3 MEF

Truck Performance Graph

(TonneEFH/Hour) Shift by Hour
EOPS Truck Fleet Efficiency
8000
7000

TonneEFH/Hr

6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0

EOPS
EOPS
EOPS
EOPS

Productivity Measures EFH

Relative Haul Distances

Truck Performance Graph (EFH)

Shift by Hour
EOPS EFH
16
14
12

Kilometres

10
8
6
4

2
0

EOPS
EOPS
EOPS
EOPS

Productivity Measures EFH/Hr

Relative Hauling Speed
Theoretically constant
Minor expected changes due to
Distance (short haul distance gives lower EFH/Hr due to
greater proportion of the cycle given to acceleration and
braking)
Trucks slowing for switchbacks and intersections

Impacted by

Weather
Road Conditions
Road Congestion
Driver Ability

Truck Performance Graph (EFH/Hr)

Shift by Hour
EOPS EFH/Hr
60

50

40
KM/Hr

EOPS

30

EOPS
EOPS
EOPS

20

10

Productivity Measures Wait

Factor
Truck Wait Time

(Truck Load Time + Truck Spot Time)

Measure of average number of trucks in queue.

Truck Performance Graph (Wait

Factor) Shift by Hour
EOPS Truck Wait Factor
1.6

1.4

1.2

1
EOPS
EOPS

0.8

EOPS

EOPS

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
9:00:00 10:00:00 11:00:00 12:00:00 14:00:00 15:00:00 16:00:00 17:00:00 18:00:00 19:00:00 20:00:00

Causes for Errors in EFH Reporting

Main causes for erroneous/misleading
reporting of EFH are:
Errors in Dispatch Road Network.
Error in X, Y give error in distance
Error in Z gives error in haul profile

Fundamental shift in modelled speed versus

road grade.

Dispatch Road Network

Needs to be checked daily
Responsibility rests within the Engineering
Group
Dispatchers should only be making minor
adjustments to loading locations and
dumping points, X,Y co-ordinate changes
only.
Ramps and Drop Cuts need to be
designed and built to design.

Calculation
Determine what are appropriate speeds
for various grades.
Truck Rim-pull/Retarder Curves
GPS Speed Monitoring Locations

Function of empty/loaded and up/down

EFH Functions
Loaded Function
Grade < -4.5%
EFH Factor = (Grade/100)*27

Grade > 0%
EFH Factor = 1 + ((Grade/100)*35)

Grade >= -4.5 and <=0

EFH Factor = 1

Empty Function
Grade < -4.5%
EFH Factor = 0.75 + ((Grade/100)*8.5)

Grade > +4.5%

EFH Factor = 0.35 + ((Grade/100)*16)

Grade >= -4.5% and <= +4.5%

EFH Factor = 1

Modelled Speed Vs Grade

60.0

Travel Speed (KM/Hr)

50.0

40.0

Loaded Speed

30.0

Empty Speed

20.0

10.0

0.0
-11 -10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1

Road Grade (%)

10 11

Shift in Modelled Speed Versus

Grade
Monitor real travel speeds on differing
ramp grades
Road Condition Report

If a significant shift is noticed, the EFH

calculation needs to be adjusted
Needs to be agreed to between Planning and
Operations
Changes need to be done in a way that
preserves value of historical data

Road Condition Report