Standard Site Cabling and Antenna Line System

Installation

NOKIA .ppt / 04/26/2005

NOKIA NODE-B SITE

Antenna
Systems
Power Systems

Base
Stations

Site
Cellular
Transmission
Systems

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Shelters,
Towers,
Masts,
Poles
Installation
Materials

ANTENNA LINE

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ANTENNA SYSTEM PRODUCTS

Antenna

Jumper cable
Mast Head
Amplifier
and BiasT

Connector

Feeder
clamps
Grounding kit

Combiners
diplexers

Feeder
cable
EMP protector
4

Nokia Auxiliary Product Management v. 1.0 04.2002

ANTENNA LINE
Antenna Installation

NOKIA .ppt / 04/26/2005

Panel Antenna used:

CS72761.11 (K742215) XPol F 1710-2170M 65deg 18dBi 010T

CS72191.14 DT-kit for A, F & Euro panel

CS72196 Clamp 50-115mm for A, F & Euro panel

ANTENNA LINE
Antenna Installation
Mechanical Downtilt adjustment (Kathrein)

Use glued/engraved
scale provided with
downtilt kit to adjust
antenna to correct
angle of tilt
Confirm always with
angle meter!
If scale doesnt exist
use angle meter to
adjust antenna to
correct angle of tilt

NOKIA .ppt / 04/26/2005

ANTENNA LINE System Configuration

for Smart 3G Trial Tower site (w/out MHA)
1

The antennas to be used is CS72761.11 (K742215) XPol F 17102170M 65deg 18dBi 0-10T with downtilt kit CS72191.14 DT-kit for
A, F & Euro panel and CS72196 Clamp 50-115mm for A, F &
Euro panel.

The jumper cable is a flexible low loss cable (1/2"), which is used
at the ends of the feeder. It protects the connectors from the
forces caused by the feeder cable. Antenna side jumper cable
(2A) is 1.5m and at the BTS side(2B) is 3m.

7/16 connector are made of silver plated brass or a special grade

of copper. All connectors are IP68-classified.

The grounding kit ensures that the Antenna line is DC grounded

as a protection against lightning.Two grounding kits shall be
installed in one (1) feeder run,one at the antenna side and
another one before the bend.All grounding kits shall be
terminated to alloted busbar with dedicated 35mm2 grounding
cable directly terminated to earth

2A
3
4

2B
5
6

Label

The RF-feeder is corrugated coaxial cable. It can be of different

sizesi.e. 1/2, 7/8 and 1 5/8, depending on the length of the
mast and the desired attenuation.

Supplied Cable clamps are made of stainless steel and plastic

and are easy and quick to install. Design of the clamps prevents
over tightening of feeder cable.Minimum spacing of the clamps
for 7/8 feeder cable is 900mm and max of 1000mm.

35mm2 grounding

C-channel / I-beam

A compact EMP protector protects the BTS against lightning and

voltage
may occur down the antenna line.
7over
NOKIA
.ppt / that
04/26/2005

Label

25mm2
grounding cable

Concrete Pad

35mm2 grounding
cable to earth

cable to earth

SITE CABLING
Cable positioning in cable channel
Different types of cables are positioned in different level and tightened
to cable channel with cable ties. Cable order horizontal installation from
bottom row to top row: Power, Grounding and Signal. Vertical
installation from left to right Power, Grounding and Signal.
In one row cable tie distance from each other is 400mm.
Guideline should be used also with DC cables which run in horizontal
and vertical cable channel. Cables has to be separated and tightened
with cable ties.
Cables should run straight, no cable tangle.
Transmission cables should be separated from RF, AC, DC and alarm
cables to avoid possible interference.

Signal cables
Grounding cables
Power cables
8

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SITE CABLING
Feeder Connections

Proper tools have to be

used.
All connections have to be
tightened to correct torque.
SMA connector 1-1.2Nm
N connector 1-1.7Nm
7/16 connector 25Nm

CS 77507.25
RS Torque wrench SMA, 1Nm

CS 77564.20
RS Torque wrench 25 Nm,
27/32mm

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ANTENNA LINE
Feeder Attenuation
FEEDER TYPE

FREQUENCY
900 MHz

FREQUENCY
1800 MHz

FREQUENCY
2000 MHz

RFF 3/8-50

13.9 dB/100m

20.5 dB/100m

21.8 dB/100m

RFF 1/2-50

10.6 dB/100m

15.6 dB/100m

16.7 dB/100m

RF 1/2-50

6.88 dB/100m

10.1 dB/100m

10.7 dB/100m

RF 7/8-50

3.53 dB/100m

5.04 dB/100m

5.53 dB/100m AVA !!

RF 1 1/4-50

2.74 dB/100m

4.12 dB/100m

4.39 dB/100m

RF 1 5/8-50

2.11 dB/100m

3.05 dB/100m

3.36 dB/100m AVA !!

3 db is general attenuation limit for antenna line. Network planning team specify exact attenuation limit and used
feeder on each site.

NOTE: Given values are for NK Cables feeder cables except 7/8 and 15/8 are for Andrew
AVA cable type, other manufacturers may have different values, check the proper values
before implementation from manufacturers data sheets
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ANTENNA LINE
General instructions for antenna installation

1.

Verify that antenna support are installed and in right location.

2.

Hoist the antenna up to the antenna support.

Note: when hoisting antenna in foul weather conditions, it is necessary to control antenna
movement to avoid damage. Use ropes etc.

3.

Install the antennas on the antenna support exactly vertical or with a specified offset.

4.

Use the data specified in the site installation documentation to set the antenna heading,
height, vertical and horizontal separation.

5.

Connect one end of the antenna jumpers to the antennas, leaving the opposite ends
open.
Note: the open ends should be protected from moisture.

6.

12

Clamp the jumpers to the antenna support.

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ANTENNA LINE
Antenna Hardware Type and Torque Specifications
All outdoor fastening hardware must be marine grade stainless steel or
acid-proof i.e. nuts / bolts / flat washers / spring washers.
Use material provided by antenna manufacturer.
Follow antenna manufacturer installation instructions.
* These hardware torques are normally limited to pole mounts.

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THREAD SIZE

TORQUE Nm

All Antenna

M8
M10
M12

11 14.1
23 29.5
37 47.5

Pole Mounting
Hardware

M20
M22
M28

60 *
60 *
60 *

ANTENNA LINE
Dissimilar Metals Electrolysis Reaction

METAL
Aluminum (Al)
Zinc
Cadmium
Iron or Steel (Fe)
Steel Alloys, Stainless Steel
(INOX)
Tin/Lead alloy solders
Tin
Lead (Pb)
Brass
Bronze
Copper (Cu)
Nickel/Copper alloys
Silver alloy solders
Silver
Gold

GROUP

ANODIC Metals

CATHODIC Metals

Attention must be given to the following:

Electrolytic Table for Various Common Metals

Contact between metals from the opposite group can

generate severe corrosion of the conductor from the
anodic section. Care must be exercised when
terminating one conductor to another. Where possible
commercially available transition sections/joints should
be used.

Use only copper to copper connections where possible.

Ensure that bare copper is not allowed to be placed in
contact with zinc or steel of a tower. In such cases tin
plated copper may be used. Alternatively, stainless steel
section may be placed between the copper and zinc or
iron surfaces.
Ensure correct fixing of screws, nuts and washers.
Copper or stainless steel screws and washers must be
used against bare copper surfaces.
If possible, use anti-corrosive compound on the surfaces
between dissimilar metals. This prevents oxidation over
long periods.

NOTE: Any stainless steel hardware used must be marine grade or

acid-proof.
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ANTENNA LINE
Feeder bending radius

Feeder bending radius guidelines should always be followed to avoid damaging the feeder
which causes more cable loss (see antenna and feeder installation document)

NOT allowed:

NOT OK

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NOT OK

ANTENNA LINE
Feeder bending radius

FEEDER TYPE

MINIMUM SINGLE
BENDING RADIUS

MINIMUM REPEATED
BENDING RADIUS

RFF 3/8-50

13 mm

25 mm

RFF 1/2-50

15 mm

30 mm

RF 1/2-50

80 mm

160 mm

RF 7/8-50

120 mm

250 mm

RF 1 1/4-50

200 mm

350 mm

RF 1 5/8-50

250 mm

500 mm

NOTE: Given values are for NK Cables feeder cables, other manufacturers may have different
values, check the proper values before implementation from manufacturers data sheets

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ANTENNA LINE
Feeder bending radius

FEEDER TYPE
REPEATED

17

REPEATED
BENDING RADIUS

SINGLE BENDING
RADIUS

RF 1 5/8

500mm

250mm

RF 1 1/4

350mm

200mm

RF 7/8

250mm

120mm

RF 1/2

160mm

80mm

RFF 1/2

30mm

RFF 3/8

25mm

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ANTENNA LINE
Distance for feeder clamps
Follow feeder manufacturer installation instructions.
Cable Type

Support Distance Spacing

Prefered

Max

1/4 Superflex

150mm

200mm

3/8 Superflex

150mm

200mm

1/2 Superflex

250mm

300mm

1 /2 Feeder

500mm

600mm

7/8 Feeder

900mm

1000mm

1-5/8 Feeder

1000mm

1400mm

NOTE: Given values are for NK Cables feeder cables, other manufacturers may have
different values, check the proper values before implementation from manufacturers
data sheets
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ANTENNA LINE
Distance for the feeder clamps

Follow feeder manufacturer installation instructions.

RF 1/4 superflex

150mm

200mm (Max)

RF 3/8 superflex

150mm

200mm (Max)

RFF 1/2 superflex

250mm

300mm (Max)

RF 1/2

RF 7/8

RF 1 5/8

500mm

600mm (Max)

900mm

1000mm (Max)

1000mm

Support Distance Spacing

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1400mm (Max)

ANTENNA LINE
Feeder cable installation

TAKE CARE OF:

MINIMUM BENDING RADIUS
MAXIMUM PULLING FORCE
CORRECT DRUM HANDLING
CORRECT TOOL/CABLE HANDLING
ORDINARY CABLE FIXING
COMPLETE WATER STOPS

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ANTENNA LINE
Tools and connection

USE protective gloves!

CHECK the condition of the standard cutting tools.
Check the condition of the connector package against
water
Check the connector installation instructions: correct
measure / number of wave tops

Wind the cable tool in the marked direction of the arrow.

Do not press the tool more than needed
Use correct torque in all connections

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ANTENNA LINE
Feeder cable installation

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CRITICAL: DO NOT GO OVER maximum pulling force limit

as the jacket may break.

AVOID: jerky pulling to control the forces.

USE: smooth and even pulling.

TAKE CARE OF sharp edges, rough surfaces, extra

torsions, bend radius.

ANTENNA LINE
Feeder type for different length

0 m < length < 10 m -RF 1/2"

11 m < length < 35 m
36 m < length < 50 m
length > 50m add MHA

-RF 7/8"
-RF 1-5/8"
RF 1-5/8"

3db is general attenuation limit. The calculation above is based on the normal
installation with 1.5m RFF 1/2" jumper for antenna and 3m or 4m RFF 1/2" jumper for
BTS.

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ANTENNA LINE
Fixing the RF feeder cable clamps
TAKE CARE OF sharp edges !
Recommended clamp distance for cables 1/2 to
1 5/8 is 1000 mm
Clamps FIXED TOO TIGHT cause rising of the
return loss
Take care of NOT TO DROP plastic cushions
Cables shall be terminated by the resistive load
(or source) impedance equal to the characteristic
impedance, which generally is 50

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ANTENNA LINE
Antenna jumper cable installation
Incorrect
Jumper shape

Correct open
Z bend jumper
shape
Stainless Steel
hangar Kits and
Hose clamps
support jumper

No cable support
to the pole

OK : Correct / Tidy Method

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Not OK :Incorrect / untidy Method

ANTENNA LINE
Antenna jumper cable installation

The distance clamps for jumper cables is about 500mm

It is vitally important that the internal and external jumper cables have to be
supported securely. For the 1.5m jumper, minimum 2 (two) points of
support are to be used, and for the 3m jumpers, minimum 4 (four) points.

1.5m jumper, used

2 securing points
( at least )

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ANTENNA LINE
Antenna jumper cable installation
Jumpers Cables have to be installaed
as straight as possible.
Avoid additional bendings.
Follow manufacturers bending
instructions.
Proper tools have to be used during
jumper installation.
All cables have to be fixed properly.

Prefabricated jumpers have to be used

always when possible.
On existing sites most practical solution
should be used.

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ANTENNA LINE
Jumper Connection
Proper tools have to be used.
All connections have to be tightened
with correct torque, including unit
securing screws.
SMA connector 1-1.2Nm
N connector 1-1.7Nm
7/16 connector 25Nm

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ANTENNA LINE
Loose RF-connector laboratory test

How loose RF-connector influences to performance:

It seems that also 7/16 connector is very sensitive to fixing torque. When
you loosen the connector, at first you'll get intermodulation problems, then
you loose return loss values. Very easily you'll get 6...12dB return loss
values, when you loosen slightly the connector (fixing torque 5...10Nm).
However most of the power is still passing the loose connector, but you get
VSWR alarms and insertion loss increases easily 1..2dB.
Further, think about if you have 1,5m jumper cable with both ends loose
connector. The signal reflects on the both end of jumper and the result is
3rd stage reflections. Depending the frequency and cable length
(=depending of the phase of reflection), you'll get very very easily VSWR
problems.

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ANTENNA LINE
Antenna jumper cable installation

NOT OK

OK

OK
3 meter
Jumper

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3 meter
Jumper

NOT OK

Jumper Cables have to be installed as straight

as possible.

Avoid additional bendings.

Follow manufacturers bending instructions.

Proper tools have to be used during jumper

installation.

All cables have to be fixed properly.

Prefabricated jumpers have to be used always

when possible.

On existing sites most practical solution should

be used.

ANTENNA LINE
Antenna jumper cable installation

OK

NOT OK

OK

OK
1.5meter
Jumper

1.5meter
Jumper

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NOT OK

Jumper Cables have to be installed as straight

as possible.
Avoid additional bendings.
Follow manufacturers bending instructions.
Proper tools have to be used during jumper
installation.
All cables have to be fixed properly.
Prefabricated jumpers have to be used always
when possible.
On existing sites most practical solution should
be used.
Think about future.

ANTENNA LINE
Water stops / proofing kit

Storing cables indoors is recommended

Check the cable ends before installation
Protect the drum/cable ends after cutting; preferably by heat
shrinkable rubber cap
Grounding kits: sealing class IP 67. Ground wire connector to be
checked after careful pressing.

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ANTENNA LINE
BTS feeder jumper cable installation
Option: 1
This is normal site in
perfect installation
method.
*All Feeder or jumper
cable should be tidy
inside the cable
trunking when the
Feeder cable need to be
laid on the floor.
Option: 2
This is critical site in
perfect installation
method.

*All Feeder or jumper

cable should be tidy
inside the cable
trunking when the
Feeder cable need to be
laid on the floor.

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ANTENNA LINE
BTS feeder jumper cable installation

Option: 1

This is normal site in

Problem installation.
Shorter jumper

Longer jumper

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*When using shorter

jumper
( 2, 3 meter ), installation
will be difficult. Over
bending is possible when
using RF7/8 or RF 1 5/8
feeder cables when
installing cable tidy to
cable trunking.

ANTENNA LINE
Feeder grounding kits positions
EMP for each
feeder is needed,
If MHA used
install only the
grounding kit
If vertical rise of the RF cable is
greater than 40m for every step
then center earth kit is required
to be installed
Ground kit

Site Ground Bar

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ANTENNA LINE
Feeder grounding kit positions

The grounding kit must always be positioned on the straight part of feeder cable and never on a bend or
curve in the cable.

Grounding kit's earthing cable can be cut or extended to make grounding cable connection to busbar as
straight as possible.

Acceptable
installation

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ANTENNA LINE
Screw connection grounding system

37

An electrical screw connection consists of a cable lug, which has

to be secured to a surface. A bolt, washer, locking ring and
sometimes a nut are used. These items must be arranged in the
following order:
- Bolt.
- Locking ring.
- Washer.
- Cable lug.
- Earthing busbar.
- Washer.
- Locking ring.
- Nut.
When doing up screw connections, it is important to use the
correct tightening moment. The correct tightening moments for
common bolt sizes are given in the table below.
The earth impedance for a typical BTS site should be less or
equal than 10 Ohm.

NOKIA .ppt / 04/26/2005

ANTENNA LINE
FEEDER GROUNDING CABLING

EMP GROUNDING
BUSBAR

FEEDER ENTRY
GROUNDING
BUSBAR

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All EMPs have to be connected to EMP

grounding busbar
EMP manufacturer material have to be
used
Feeders have to be grounded before the
feeder entry
All feeder grounding kits have to be
connected to feeder entry grounding
busbar
Feeder grounding kit manufacturer
material have to be used
Used cable lugs have to be suitable for
used grounding cable
All cables have to be labeled on both
end of the cable
Proper tools have to be used during
grounding cable installation
All cables have to be fixed properly

ANTENNA LINE
FEEDER GROUNDING CABLING
Feeders have to be grounded after
antenna jumper connection
All feeder grounding kits have to be
connected to feeder grounding busbar

Feeder grounding kit manufacturer

material have to be used
Used cable lugs have to be suitable for
use with grounding cable
All cables have to be labeled on both
end of the cable
FEEDER
GROUNDING
BUSBAR

Proper tools have to be used during

grounding cable installation
All cables have to be fixed properly

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ANTENNA LINE
FEEDER GROUNDING CABLING
Feeders have to be grounded approx.
500-1000mm before horizontal bending
All feeder grounding kits have to be
connected to feeder grounding busbar

Feeder grounding kit manufacturer

material have to be used
Used cable lugs have to be suitable for
used grounding cable
All cables have to be labeled on both
end of the cable
FEEDER
GROUNDING
BUSBAR

Proper tools have to be used during

grounding cable installation
All cables have to be fixed properly

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ANTENNA LINE
EMP Grounding bar connection

Insulated earth bar mounted on

cable ladder / AM4

To Antenna

Jumper to BTS

EMP

EMP earth cable

To Grounding Busbar

41

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Plastic Insulator
each end of bar

ANTENNA LINE
Grounding kit Grounding bar connection
To Antenna

Insulated earth bar mounted on

cable ladder / AM4
To BTS

Grounding kits earth cable

To Grounding Busbar

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Plastic Insulator
each end of bar

ANTENNA LINE
RF connector position

Connector body must not

be in contact with cable
ladder. Position connectors
between the ladder rungs
or insulate the ladder rung
with rubber sheeting.

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ANTENNA LINE
Weather Proofing
All outdoor antenna line connections, grounding kits and wall
entries have to be weather proofed.
Connections where weather proofing is needed:
Feeder to feeder
Feeder to antenna and MHA
Feeder to EMP and combiner (if located outdoor)
Grounding kits have to be sealed according to manufacturer
instructions.
Wall feed through have to be properly sealed.
Ensure that all connectors are on correct torque before
sealing!
WEATHER
PROOFING NEEDED

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ANTENNA LINE
Feeder to Feeder connection
1. CONNECTION TO BE TAPED USING APPROVED TYPE OF INSULATION TAPE
2. CONNECTION TO BE TAPED USING APPROVED TYPE OF SELF AMALGAMATING
TAPE
3. CONNECTION TO BE TAPED USING APPROVED TYPE OF INSULATION TAPE
20

50

50

20

1. ONE WRAP OF INSULATION TAPE

(OVERLAPPING 50%)
2. TWO STRETCH WRAPPED WRAPS
OF SELF AMALGAMATING TAPE
(STRETCH 30%, OVERLAPPING 50%)
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3. THREE WRAPS OF
INSULATION TAPE
(OVERLAPPING 50%)

ANTENNA LINE
Feeder to Antenna, Combiner or MHA connection
1. CONNECTION TO BE TAPED USING APPROVED TYPE OF INSULATION TAPE
2. CONNECTION TO BE TAPED USING APPROVED TYPE OF SELF AMALGAMATING
TAPE
3. CONNECTION TO BE TAPED USING APPROVEDCABLE
TYPETIEOF INSULATION TAPE
50

20

1. ONE WRAPS OF INSULATION

TAPE (OVERLAPPING 50%)

3. THREE WRAPS OF
INSULATION TAPE
(OVERLAPPING 50%)
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2. TWO STRETCH WRAPPED WRAPS

OF SELF AMALGAMATING TAPE
(STRETCH 30%, OVERLAPPING 50%)

ANTENNA LINE
Feeder to EMP connection
1. CONNECTION TO BE TAPED USING APPROVED TYPE OF INSULATION TAPE
2. CONNECTION TO BE TAPED USING APPROVED TYPE OF SELF AMALGAMATING
TAPE
3. CONNECTION TO BE TAPED USING APPROVED TYPE OF INSULATION TAPE
20

50

CABLE TIE

50

20

1. ONE WRAP OF INSULATION

TAPE (OVERLAPPING 50%)
2. TWO STRETCH WRAPPED WRAPS
OF SELF AMALGAMATING TAPE
(STRETCH 30%, OVERLAPPING 50%)
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3. THREE WRAPS OF
INSULATION TAPE
(OVERLAPPING 50%)

ANTENNA LINE
Feeder to Grounding kit connection
1. CONNECTION TO BE TAPED USING APPROVED TYPE OF SELF AMALGAMATING
TAPE
2. CONNECTION TO BE TAPED USING APPROVED TYPE OF INSULATION TAPE
* Use this method if grounding kit is not supplied with weather proofing tapes or taping
instructions
20

50

100

20

TWO WRAPS OF SELF

AMALGAMATING TAPE
(OVERLAPPING 50%)
THREE WRAPS OF INSULATION
TAPE (OVERLAPPING 50%)

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ANTENNA LINE
Commissioning
Follow the instructions given in work instructions.
Fill up the return loss and insertion loss values to the site folder.
Print return loss measurements to A4 paper, sign and attach to site folder.
One (1) antenna line per one A4.
Attach measurements to site folder also on electrical format (CD-ROM).
ANTENNA LINE

RETURN LOSS

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ANTENNA LINE
Commissioning
Antenna System Return Loss limits without MHA

Smart has assigned the following operating frequencies:

- Reception Frequency:
1920 MHz to
1935.1 MHz
- Transmit Frequency:
2110.3 MHz to
2125.1 MHz
The commissioning of the antenna system composes of
Return Loss measurements on both transmit and receive
feeder for all sectors. Also antenna line attenuation and
length have to be measured and filled to site folder for
Node-B commissioning purposes.

Antenna System Return Loss limits with MHA

2 separate measurements per feeder has to be done for

antenna line with MHA
- Measurement 1: Feeder, Jumpers, and Antenna
- Measurement 2: Feeder, Jumpers, MHA and
Antenna
Reception measurement will be carried out with in
bandwidth of 1920 MHz up to 1980 MHz with markers
on 1920 MHz and M2 on 1935.1 MHz. M5 peak value
identify highest measurement between M1 and
markers.

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the
M1
will
M2

Transmit measurement will be carried out with in the

bandwidth 2110 MHz up to 2170 MHz with markers M3 on
2110.3 MHz and M4 on 2125.1 MHz. M6 peak value will
identify highest measurement between M3 and M4
markers.