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Chapter 1:
Psychology: The Science
of Human Behavior
Introduction
The chapter will introduce the students
to the science of Psychology.
Psychology can be an exciting field to
explore. It can lead us to a new
understanding of people and life.
What
makes
psychology
more
interesting is that we ourselves are the
subject matter.
Psychology
Started as a part of philosophy back to the
ancient Greek philosophers.
Psychology
Psyche mind or soul.
Logos study of.
Psychology is viewed as the scientific study of
human behavior and mental processes.
Human Behavior refers to any response or
reaction of the individual, be it covert or overt,
rational
or
irrational,
conscious
or
unconscious, simple or complex.
Human Behavior
Covert behavior something hidden by the individual.
Overt behavior readily observe by the individual.
Rational behavior individual thinks logically before doing
anything.
Irrational behavior unreasoned behavior.
Unconscious behavior occurs without the individual being
aware.
Conscious behavior individual is very much aware of
his/her intentions.
Simple behavior individual applies only one sense system
in a particular situation at a given time.
Complex behavior where the different systems including
the subsystems of the human body function at a given
moment.
Branches of Psychology
ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY
Study of abnormal behaviour in order to
describe, predict, explain and change abnormal
patterns of functioning.
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY
The scientific study of the biological bases of
behaviour and mental processes.
Branches of Psychology
COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY
Studies the mental processes underlying
behaviour.
COMPARATIVE PSYCHOLOGY
Refers to the study of the behaviour and mental
life of animals other than human beings.
Branches of Psychology
DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY
Focused on the development of human mind
through the lifespan.
PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY
Branches of Psychology
QUANTITATIVE PSYCHOLOGY
SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY
Is the scientific study of the nature and causes of
human social behaviour and mental processes,
with emphasis on how people think towards
each other and how they relate to each other
School of Psychology
A group of psychologists who became
associated with the leader of a movement.
They shared their ideas about what psychology
was and how it was to be studled.
School of Psychology
Structuralism
Study of conscious
experience
School of Psychology
Functionalism
School of Psychology
Behaviorism
Study of observable
behavior
This school of psychology was
introduced by John B. Watson
in 1913.
Watson
concentrate
on
observable behaviour and that
the
importance
of
the
environment in shaping an
individuals behaviour.
He explained that behaviour is
measured through stimulus and
response.
School of Psychology
Psychoanalysis
Study of unconsciousnes
School of Psychology
Cognitive
School of Psychology
Existentialist
Brenato
and
Husseri
introduced
the
Existential
Psychology.
Existentialists believed in both
free will and the uniqueness of
the individual.
It concerned the individuals
discovery of self-identity so that
he can commit himself, and
care and love.
School of Psychology
Gestalt
School of Psychology
Humanistic
Abraham Maslow founded the
Humanistic
school
of
psychology.
Humanistic believed that an
individuals
behaviour
is
primarily determined by his
perception of the world around
him.
Methods of Psychology
Psychologists use a variety of methods either singly or
in combination in order to search for new and useful
information about behaviour.
Experimental
Method
This method is the
Methods of Psychology
Introspection
Self-analysis
Method method
Observation
It
is a purposive examination of behaviour or actions of
Method
individuals or groups particularly for the purpose of
gathering facts and other information. There are two
types of observation:
1. Naturalistic observation
2. Direct observation
Methods of Psychology
Questionaires, Opinionaires,
This
method was used to gather data and
Inventories
other
Testing
Techniques
This
method employs
Methods of Psychology
Case-History
This
is an exhaustive
Method
investigation of an individual
wherein you are going to traced the origin and
development of a particular type of behavior.
Survey Method
This investigation is highly controlled. It uses data
obtained
from
respondents
through
written
questionnaires and interviews.
Methods of Psychology
Statistical
This
is used to
Method
Interview
This
is a face to face conversation for the purpose of
Method
obtaining factual information for assessing the individual.
Descriptive
This
method describes behaviour without interfering with
Method
behaviour itself.