!! JAI SRI GURUDEV !!

EVALUATION OF SHEAR WALL AS LATERAL LOAD RESISTING

SYSTEM FOR A 15 STOREY RC BUILDING FRAME SUBJECTED
TO LATERAL (EARTHQUAKE) LOAD.

By
VISHWANATH. M.N.
(1SJ12CSE18)

Under the guidance of

External Guide

VIDYASHREE. D
Asst Professor
Department of Civil Engineering,
VVIT, Bangalore

Internal Guide

MANJUNATHA. K.A.
Asst Professor
Department of Civil Engineering
S.J.C.I.T, Chickballapur

List of Topics
Introduction
Literature Review
Aim and Scope of the present investigation

Need for the present study

Aim of the present study
Objectives of the present study
Scope of present study
Skeletal diagrams of types of LLRS considered
No. of bays considered for the study

 Analysis of Structural System

Results and Discussions
Conclusion
Scope for further study
References

Earthquake
An earthquake is a sudden tremor or movement of the
earths crust.
A natural hazard like Earthquake causes damage to or
collapse of buildings and other man-made structures.

LATERAL LOAD RESISTING SYSTEMS (LLRS) OF

TALL BUILDINGS

Lateral force resisting elements must be provided in every

structure to brace it against wind and seismic forces.
They may be distinguished as:
Frames
Tubular systems
Masonry Infill
Shear walls

Fig. 1(a) Rigid Frame

Fig. 1 (c) Infill frame

Fig. 1 (b) Frame Tube

Fig.1 (d) Shear walls

PREVIOUS STUDIES ON SHEAR WALLS:

Savitha B.A, Venkatesh S.V, Sharada Bai H, (2007) they have carried out a study to evaluate the
structural behavior of various lateral load resisting systems with shear walls in low and medium rise
buildings.

Ashraf M., Siddiqui Z.A. and Javed M.A. (2008) have carried out a study to determine the optimum
configuration of a multistorey building by changing shear walls location. Four different cases of shear
wall position for a 25 storey building have been analysed as a space frame subjected to lateral and
gravity loading. It is found that columns, beams and twisting moments are found to increase because of
changing position of shear wall.

S. V. Venkatesh, Dr. H. Sharada Bai, C. Navanitha ,(2009) have carried out study on the structural
behavior of three dimensional single-bay moment resisting RC frames with and without shear wall at
various locations to resist seismic load low and medium rise buildings.The results obtained are
thoroughly investigated for maximum values of bending moment, shear force, axial force and
displacement.

S.V. Venkatesh, H. Sharada Bai, R. Rajeshwari , (2010) study is concerned with the structural
behavior of shear wall at different locations as lateral load resisting system in a single bay- three bays
ten storey building. Zone V is considered with primary loads (dead, live and seismic loads) and their
combinations.

 Anshuman. S, Dipendu Bhunia, Bhavin Ramjiyani (2011) have carried out a study to
determine the solution of shear wall location in multi-storey building based on its both
elastic and elasto plastic behaviours. They carried out study on fifteen storey building located
in zone V .The Shear force, Bending moment , storey drift were computed in this study.

S.V. Venkatesh, Dr. H. Sharada Bai ,(2011) in this paper attempt is made to study the
difference in structural behavior of 3-dimensional (3D) single-bay three- bays 10 storey basic
moment resisting RC frames when provided with two different types of shear walls as LLRS
like Internal shear wall and External shear wall.
S.V. Venkatesh, Dr. H. Sharada Bai and Divya S.P (2012) carried out study on the
difference in structural behavior of 3-dimensional (3D) single-bay -seven-bays 10 storey basic
moment resisting RC frames when provided with two different types of shear walls as LLRS
like Internal shear wall and External shear wall.
S.V. Venkatesh, Dr. H. Sharada Bai and Divya S.P (2013) carried out study on the
Behaviour of shear wall as lateral load resisting systems for 3-dimensional building frame
subjected to seismic load. The Shear force, Bending moment , storey drift were computed in
this study.

 D. Vidyashree., S.V.Venkatesh, G.Narayana (2014) have carried out a study to Evaluation

of shear wall and masonry infill as lateral load resisting system for a 12 storey RC building
frame the difference in structural behavior of 3-dimensional 4 bays x 6 bays, 12 storey basic
moment resisting Reinforced Concrete (RC)frame provided with external shear wall, internal
shear wall and masonry infill as LLRS.

Need for present study

Most of the studies are confined to 12 storey building, where as in
reality structures have varying no. of stories and such studies are
limited.
Also the applications of different LLRS with increasing number of
bays in either direction are not available.

The studies on External shear walls in comparison with Internal

shear walls for 15 storey frame are limited.
Here an attempt has been made to compare the results of analysis of
frames with External shear wall and Internal shear wall as LLRS in
comparison to that of Bare frame (without any LLRS) as applied to
a 15 storey.

 The present investigation is concerned with detailed 3dimensional study of results of analysis that has been carried
out for 15 storey of Moment Resisting Frame.
The frame having 2x2 bay, 2x6 bay , 3x6 bay, 4x6 bay along
X direction and Z direction provided with Internal shear walls
and External shear walls as Lateral Load Resisting Systems
(LLRS), in comparison with identical Moment Resisting Bare
Frame (without any special LLRS feature) subjected to gravity
load, seismic load and their combinations are considered.

AIM OF STUDY
The present study is oriented towards comparison of performance of
different types of Lateral Load Resisting Systems (LLRS) for a 15 storey
building located in zone V of the seismic zones of India.

External shear wall and Internal shear wall are considered as LLRS in this
study.

The detailed three-dimensional elastic analysis using Linear Static Lateral

Load Method (ESLM) is done in this study.
And also the comparison of results of analysis of frames of different
configurations with LLRS (External Shear Wall/ Internal Shear Wall) with
those of the basic moment resisting frame subjected to gravity load and
seismic load and their combinations is done .

OBJECTIVES

Analytical study of providing External shear wall and Internal shear wall as lateral
load resisting system for a typical three dimensional 15 storey frame.

Comparison of results of analysis like maximum joint displacement, maximum

support reaction, maximum beam forces, maximum principal stresses with all types
of LLRS (External shear wall and Internal shear wall) with Bare frame (without any
LLRS) for a typical three dimensional 15 storey frame.

Comparison of performance of frames with all LLRS (considered in this study)

with three dimensional bare frame with variation in number of bays in single and
both directions .

Comparison of frames with external shear wall and frames with internal shear wall
for variation in number of bays along single and both directions.

Scope of the study

No. of storey
Fifteen storey

Cross Sections of Structural Elements

Column Size
Square column (for all frames considered): 750mm X 750mm.

Beam Size
B1(Along X and Z directions)(for all frames considered):
230mm X 500mm

Plinth Beam Size

P1 (Along X and Z directions) (for all frames considered) :
230mm X 300mm

 Shear Wall Thickness (for all frames considered) : 100mm

Slab Thickness: 125mm.

1.
2.
3.
4.

Types of primary loads considered

As per provisions of Indian Standard Code of Practice for
Structural safety of Buildings, loading standards IS 875-1987
(Part I), they are:
Dead Load case (Vertical or Gravity load), denoted as DL
Live Load case (Vertical or Gravity load), denoted as LL
Seismic Load in X-direction (Lateral or Earthquake load),
denoted as ELx
Seismic Load in Z-direction (Lateral or Earthquake load),
denoted as ELz.

Load combinations
The structural systems were subjected to 13 types of Load Combinations as per IS
1893 (Part 1): 2002, Clause 6.3.1, they are:

Non- Seismic Load combination:

5. 1.5(DL + LL)
Seismic Load combination
6. 1.2(DL+LL +ELx)
7. 1.2(DL+LL-ELx)
8. 1.2(DL+LL+ELz)
9. 1.2(DL+LL-ELz)
10. 1.5(DL + ELx)
11. 1.5(DL - ELx)

12.1.5(DL +ELZ)
13.1.5(DL - ELZ)
14.(0.9DL + 1.5ELX)
15.(0.9DL - 1.5ELX)
16.(0.9DL + 1.5ELZ)
17.(0.9DL - 1.5ELZ)

Seismic Zones considered

Zones

Zone Factor

II

0.1

III

0.16

IV

0.24

0.36

Skeletal diagrams of types of LLRS considered

Fig. 2 (a) Plan at Plinth and Front Elevation of 3x6 bays Bare frame (BF)

Fig. 2 (b) Plan at Floor and Side Elevation of 3x6 bays Bare frame (BF)

Fig. 2 (c) Plan at Plinth and Front elevation of 3x6 bays External shear wall at Corners
(ESWC)

Fig. 2 (d) Plan at Floor and Side elevation of 3x6 bays External shear wall at Corners
(ESWC)

Fig. 2 (e) Plan at Plinth and Front elevation of 3x6 bays External shear wall at Mid Frame
(ESWM)

Fig. 2 (f) Plan at Floor and Side elevation of 3x6 bays External shear wall at Mid Frame (ESWM)

Fig. 2 (g) Plan at Plinth and Front elevation of 3x6 bays Internal shear wall at Corners
(ISWC)

Fig. 2 (h) Plan at Floor and Side elevation of 3x6 bays Internal shear wall at Corners (ISWC)

Fig. 2 (i) Plan at Plinth and Front elevation of 3x6 bays Internal shear wall at Mid Frame (ISWM)

Fig. 2 (j) Plan at Floor and Side elevation of 3x6 bays Internal shear wall at Mid Frame (ISWM)

No. of bays considered for the study

2x2 bays i.e. 2 bay along X direction of span 5 m
and 2 bays along Z direction of span 5m each.
2x6 bays
3x6 bays

4x6 bays

 Linear static method of analysis or Equivalent static

method of analysis (ESLM)
The equivalent static method of calculation procedure is the
simplest seismic method of analysis and requires less
computational effort because the forces depend on the Code
(IS 1893 (Part 1): 2002; based fundamental period of
structures with some empirical modifier.
The design base shear is first computed as a whole, and then
distributed along the height of building based on simple
formulas appropriate for buildings with regular distribution of
mass and stiffness. The design lateral forces obtained at each
floor level are then distributed to individual lateral load
resisting elements depending upon floor diaphragm action.

Staad pro Software package

The Finite Element Method package used in the analysis for
the present study is STAAD-PRO.
STAAD Pro is the most popular structural engineering
software product for 3D model generation, analysis and multimaterial design.
It can analyze for both Equivalent Static and dynamic analysis
of any type of simple or complex structure.

In this method the structural components like beams, columns

are modeled as slab and wall , shear wall are modeled as plate
element.

CONVERGENCE STUDY TO SELECT THE

ELEMENT SIZE
Convergence study is made by generating Finite element mesh for shear
walls of different element sizes.
For the present study the size of element considered are as tabulated in
Table below,
Trial
1
2
3
4
5

Element Size
0.25X0.75
0.25 X0.5
0.25X0.25
0.125X0.3
0.125X0.125

No. of elements
20
30
60
100
240

Different Sizes Of Elements Considered

Aspect Ratio
1.00:3.00
1.00:2.00
1.00:1.00
5.00:12.00
1.00:1.00

Fig. 3 (a) Max Principle Stress V/S No of

Elements
100

0.06

Fig.3 (b) Min Principle Stress V/S No of Elements

0.04

Smin in N/mm2

Smax in N/mm2

0.08

0.02
2E-17
0

100

200

300

-0.02

0
-0.05 0
-0.1
-0.15
-0.2
-0.25
-0.3

100

20

240

300

No. of elements

No. of emements

60

200

S min

30

T max in N/mm2

Fig. 3 (c ) Max Shear Stress V/S No of Element

0.18
0.16
0.14
0.12
0.1
0.08
0.06
0.04

100

200

300

No. of elements
T max

optimum size of element considered is 0.25m x 0.25m and no. of elements is 60.

Data required for calculation of lateral loads

Length of beam in X axis

5.0 m

Length of beam in Z axis

5.0 m

Column size

0.75 m x 0.75 m

Beam size at floor level in X axis

0.23 m x 0. 5 m

Beam size at floor level in Z axis

0.23 m x 0. 5 m

Beam size at plinth level in X axis

0.23 m x 0.3 m

Beam size at plinth level in Z axis

0.23 m x 0.3 m

Thickness of slab

0.125 m

Thickness of parapet wall

0.115 m

Length of shear wall in X axis for

ESW

1.25 m

Length of shear wall in Z axis for

ESW

1.25 m

Thickness of shear wall

0.1m

Height of each storey

3.0 m

Height of parapet wall

0.90 m

Number of floors

15

Live load

4 kN/m2

Density of concrete

25 kN/m3

Zone

The structure is 1.5m below ground level

Lateral Loads Calculated For Bare Frames

2X2 BF
Floo NO.

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15

X - axis
End
Frame
0.30
1.20
2.71
4.82
7.53
10.84
14.75
19.27
24.38
30.10
36.43
43.35
50.88
59.00
50.83

Mid
Frame
0.46
1.83
4.12
7.33
11.46
16.50
22.46
29.33
37.12
45.83
55.46
66.00
77.45
89.83
78.89

2X6 BF
Z - axis

End
Frame
0.30
1.20
2.71
4.82
7.53
10.84
14.75
19.27
24.38
30.10
36.43
43.35
50.88
59.00
50.83

Mid
Frame
0.46
1.83
4.12
7.33
11.46
16.50
22.46
29.33
37.12
45.83
55.46
66.00
77.45
89.83
78.89

X - axis
End
Frame
0.30
1.20
2.71
4.82
7.53
10.84
14.75
19.27
24.38
30.10
36.43
43.35
50.88
59.00
50.83

Mid
Frame
0.46
1.83
4.12
7.33
11.46
16.50
22.46
29.33
37.12
45.83
55.46
66.00
77.45
89.83
78.89

Z - axis
End
Frame
0.82
3.28
7.37
13.11
20.48
29.49
40.14
52.43
66.36
81.93
99.13
117.98
138.46
160.58
139.73

Mid
Frame
1.26
5.02
11.30
20.08
31.38
45.18
61.50
80.33
101.66
125.51
151.87
180.73
212.11
246.00
216.68

Continued.
3X6 BF
Floor NO.

X - axis

4X6 BF
Z - axis

X - axis

Z - axis

End
Frame

Mid
Frame

End
Frame

Mid
Frame

End
Frame

Mid
Frame

End
Frame

Mid
Frame

0.43

0.66

0.82

1.26

0.56

0.86

0.82

1.26

1.72

2.63

3.28

5.02

2.24

3.43

3.28

5.02

3.88

5.92

7.37

11.30

5.04

7.71

7.37

11.30

6.89

10.52

13.11

20.08

8.96

13.71

13.11

20.08

10.76

16.44

20.48

31.38

14.00

21.42

20.48

31.38

15.50

23.67

29.49

45.18

20.17

30.84

29.49

45.18

21.10

32.22

40.14

61.50

27.45

41.98

40.14

61.50

27.56

42.08

52.43

80.33

35.85

54.83

52.43

80.33

34.88

53.26

66.36

101.66

45.37

69.39

66.36

101.66

10

43.06

65.75

81.93

125.51

56.02

85.67

81.93

125.51

11

52.10

79.56

99.13

151.87

67.78

103.66

99.13

151.87

12

62.01

94.68

117.98

180.73

80.66

123.37

117.98

180.73

13

72.77

111.12

138.46

212.11

94.67

144.78

138.46

212.11

14

84.40

128.87

160.58

246.00

109.79

167.91

160.58

246.00

15

73.06

113.34

139.73

216.68

95.28

147.79

139.73

216.68

Lateral Loads Calculated For ESWC

Floor
NO.

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15

2X2 ESWC
X - axis
End
Frame
0.34
1.37
3.08
5.48
8.56
12.32
16.77
21.91
27.73
34.23
41.42
49.29
57.85
67.09
55.54

Mid
Frame
0.46
1.83
4.12
7.33
11.46
16.50
22.46
29.33
37.12
45.83
55.46
66.00
77.45
89.83
78.89

2X6 ESWC
Z - axis

End
Frame
0.34
1.37
3.08
5.48
8.56
12.32
16.77
21.91
27.73
34.23
41.42
49.29
57.85
67.09
55.54

Mid
Frame
0.46
1.83
4.12
7.33
11.46
16.50
22.46
29.33
37.12
45.83
55.46
66.00
77.45
89.83
78.89

X - axis
End
Frame
0.34
1.36
3.07
5.46
8.53
12.28
16.72
21.84
27.64
34.12
41.29
49.14
57.67
66.88
56.61

Mid
Frame
0.46
1.83
4.12
7.33
11.46
16.50
22.46
29.33
37.12
45.83
55.46
66.00
77.45
89.83
78.89

Z - axis
End
Frame
0.86
3.44
7.75
13.78
21.53
31.00
42.19
55.11
69.75
86.11
104.19
124.00
145.52
168.77
143.87

Mid
Frame
1.26
5.02
11.30
20.08
31.38
45.18
61.50
80.33
101.66
125.51
151.87
180.73
212.11
246.00
216.68

Continued.
Floor
NO.

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15

3X6 ESWC
X - axis
End
Frame
0.47
1.89
4.24
7.54
11.79
16.97
23.10
30.17
38.18
47.14
57.04
67.88
79.67
92.40
78.20

Mid
Frame
0.66
2.63
5.92
10.52
16.44
23.67
32.22
42.08
53.26
65.75
79.56
94.68
111.12
128.87
113.34

4X6 ESWC
Z - axis

End
Frame
0.86
3.44
7.75
13.78
21.53
31.00
42.19
55.11
69.75
86.11
104.19
124.00
145.52
168.77
143.87

Mid
Frame
1.26
5.02
11.30
20.08
31.38
45.18
61.50
80.33
101.66
125.51
151.87
180.73
212.11
246.00
216.68

X - axis
End
Frame
0.60
2.41
5.41
9.62
15.03
21.65
29.47
38.49
48.71
60.14
72.77
86.60
101.64
117.87
100.00

Mid
Frame
0.86
3.43
7.71
13.71
21.42
30.84
41.98
54.83
69.39
85.67
103.66
123.37
144.78
167.91
147.79

Z - axis
End
Frame
0.86
3.44
7.74
13.77
21.51
30.98
42.16
55.07
69.70
86.05
104.12
123.91
145.43
168.66
144.45

Mid
Frame
1.26
5.02
11.30
20.08
31.38
45.18
61.50
80.33
101.66
125.51
151.87
180.73
212.11
246.00
216.68

Lateral Loads Calculated For ESWM

2X2 ESWM

Floor NO.

X - axis

2X6 ESWM

Z - axis

X - axis

Z - axis

Mid Frame
End Frame Mid Frame End Frame Mid Frame End Frame
Mid
Mid Frame End Frame

Mid
Frame

0.30

0.50

0.30

0.50

0.30

0.46

0.50

0.82

1.30

1.20

2.00

1.20

2.00

1.21

1.83

2.00

3.29

5.19

2.71

4.50

2.71

4.50

2.72

4.12

4.50

7.40

11.67

4.82

7.99

4.82

7.99

4.83

7.33

7.99

13.15

20.74

7.53

12.49

7.53

12.49

7.55

11.46

12.49

20.54

32.41

10.84

17.98

10.84

17.98

10.86

16.50

17.98

29.58

46.67

14.75

24.48

14.75

24.48

14.79

22.46

24.48

40.26

63.52

19.27

31.97

19.27

31.97

19.32

29.33

31.97

52.59

82.96

24.38

40.46

24.38

40.46

24.45

37.12

40.46

66.56

105.00

10

30.10

49.95

30.10

49.95

30.18

45.83

49.95

82.17

129.63

11

36.43

60.44

36.43

60.44

36.52

55.46

60.44

99.42

156.85

12

43.35

71.93

43.35

71.93

43.46

66.00

71.93

118.32

186.67

13

50.88

84.42

50.88

84.42

51.00

77.45

84.42

138.86

219.08

14

59.00

97.91

59.00

97.91

59.15

89.83

97.91

161.05

254.08

15

50.83

83.62

50.83

83.62

50.07

78.89

83.62

137.29

221.42

Continued.
3X6 ESWM

Floor
NO.

X - axis

4X6 ESWM
Z - axis

X - axis

End
Frame

Mid
Frame
Mid

Mid
Frame

End
Frame

Mid
Frame

End
Frame

Mid
Frame
Mid

0.44

0.66

0.68

0.83

1.27

0.56

1.77

2.63

2.71

3.33

5.06

3.98

5.92

6.10

7.48

7.07

10.52

10.85

11.05

16.44

15.91

Z - axis

Mid
Frame

End
Frame

Mid
Frame
Mid

Mid
Frame

0.86

0.90

0.82

1.26

1.30

2.24

3.43

3.59

3.28

5.02

5.19

11.39

5.04

7.71

8.08

7.37

11.30

11.67

13.30

20.25

8.96

13.71

14.37

13.11

20.08

20.74

16.95

20.79

31.64

14.00

21.42

22.45

20.48

31.38

32.41

23.67

24.41

29.93

45.56

20.17

30.84

32.33

29.49

45.18

46.67

21.65

32.22

33.23

40.74

62.01

27.45

41.98

44.00

40.14

61.50

63.52

28.28

42.08

43.40

53.22

80.99

35.85

54.83

57.47

52.43

80.33

82.96

35.79

53.26

54.93

67.35

102.50

45.37

69.39

72.73

66.36

101.66

105.00

10

44.18

65.75

67.81

83.15

126.54

56.02

85.67

89.79

81.93

125.51

129.63

11

53.46

79.56

82.05

100.61

153.12

67.78

103.66

108.65

99.13

151.87

156.85

12

63.62

94.68

97.65

119.74

182.22

80.66

123.37

129.30

117.98

180.73

186.67

13

74.67

111.12

114.60

140.53

213.86

94.67

144.78

151.75

138.46

212.11

219.08

14

86.60

128.87

132.91

162.98

248.03

109.79

167.91

175.99

160.58

246.00

254.08

15

73.30

113.34

115.71

138.93

217.78

95.28

147.79

152.52

139.73

216.68

221.42

Lateral Loads Calculated For ISWC

2X2 ISWC
Floor NO.

X - axis

2X6 ISWC
Z - axis

X - axis

Z - axis

End
Frame

Mid
Frame

End
Frame

Mid
Frame

End
Frame

Mid
Frame

End
Frame

Mid
Frame

0.34

0.46

0.34

0.46

0.34

0.46

0.86

1.26

1.37

1.83

1.37

1.83

1.36

1.83

3.44

5.02

3.08

4.12

3.08

4.12

3.07

4.12

7.75

11.30

5.48

7.33

5.48

7.33

5.46

7.33

13.78

20.08

8.56

11.46

8.56

11.46

8.53

11.46

21.53

31.38

12.32

16.50

12.32

16.50

12.28

16.50

31.00

45.18

16.77

22.46

16.77

22.46

16.72

22.46

42.19

61.50

21.91

29.33

21.91

29.33

21.84

29.33

55.11

80.33

27.73

37.12

27.73

37.12

27.64

37.12

69.75

101.66

10

34.23

45.83

34.23

45.83

34.12

45.83

86.11

125.51

11

41.42

55.46

41.42

55.46

41.29

55.46

104.19

151.87

12

49.29

66.00

49.29

66.00

49.14

66.00

124.00

180.73

13

57.85

77.45

57.85

77.45

57.67

77.45

145.52

212.11

14

67.09

89.83

67.09

89.83

66.88

89.83

168.77

246.00

15

55.54

78.89

55.54

78.89

56.61

78.89

143.87

216.68

Continued.
Floor
NO.

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15

3X6 ISWC
X - axis
End
Frame
0.47
1.89
4.24
7.54
11.79
16.97
23.10
30.17
38.18
47.14
57.04
67.88
79.67
92.40
78.20

Mid
Frame
0.66
2.63
5.92
10.52
16.44
23.67
32.22
42.08
53.26
65.75
79.56
94.68
111.12
128.87
113.34

4X6 ISWC
Z - axis

End
Frame
0.86
3.44
7.75
13.78
21.53
31.00
42.19
55.11
69.75
86.11
104.19
124.00
145.52
168.77
143.87

Mid
Frame
1.26
5.02
11.30
20.08
31.38
45.18
61.50
80.33
101.66
125.51
151.87
180.73
212.11
246.00
216.68

X - axis
End
Frame
0.60
2.41
5.41
9.62
15.03
21.65
29.47
38.49
48.71
60.14
72.77
86.60
101.64
117.87
100.00

Mid
Frame
0.86
3.43
7.71
13.71
21.42
30.84
41.98
54.83
69.39
85.67
103.66
123.37
144.78
167.91
147.79

Z - axis
End
Frame
0.86
3.44
7.74
13.77
21.51
30.98
42.16
55.07
69.70
86.05
104.12
123.91
145.43
168.66
144.45

Mid
Frame
1.26
5.02
11.30
20.08
31.38
45.18
61.50
80.33
101.66
125.51
151.87
180.73
212.11
246.00
216.68

Lateral Loads Calculated For ISWM

2X2 ISWM
Floor NO.

X - axis

2X6 ISWM
Z - axis

X - axis

Z - axis

End Frame Mid Frame End Frame Mid Frame End Frame Mid Frame Mid Mid Frame End Frame Mid Frame
1

0.30

0.50

0.30

0.50

0.30

0.46

0.50

0.82

1.30

1.20

2.00

1.20

2.00

1.21

1.83

2.00

3.29

5.19

2.71

4.50

2.71

4.50

2.72

4.12

4.50

7.40

11.67

4.82

7.99

4.82

7.99

4.83

7.33

7.99

13.15

20.74

7.53

12.49

7.53

12.49

7.55

11.46

12.49

20.54

32.41

10.84

17.98

10.84

17.98

10.86

16.50

17.98

29.58

46.67

14.75

24.48

14.75

24.48

14.79

22.46

24.48

40.26

63.52

19.27

31.97

19.27

31.97

19.32

29.33

31.97

52.59

82.96

24.38

40.46

24.38

40.46

24.45

37.12

40.46

66.56

105.00

10

30.10

49.95

30.10

49.95

30.18

45.83

49.95

82.17

129.63

11

36.43

60.44

36.43

60.44

36.52

55.46

60.44

99.42

156.85

12

43.35

71.93

43.35

71.93

43.46

66.00

71.93

118.32

186.67

13

50.88

84.42

50.88

84.42

51.00

77.45

84.42

138.86

219.08

14

59.00

97.91

59.00

97.91

59.15

89.83

97.91

161.05

254.08

15

50.83

83.62

50.83

83.62

50.07

78.89

83.62

137.29

221.42

Continued.
3X6 ISWM

Floor
NO.

X - axis

4X6 ISWM
Z - axis

X - axis

End
Frame

Mid
Frame
Mid

Mid
Frame

End
Frame

Mid
Frame

End
Frame

Mid
Frame
Mid

0.40

0.70

0.66

0.77

1.30

0.56

1.61

2.79

2.63

3.09

5.19

3.63

6.29

5.92

6.96

6.45

11.18

10.52

10.08

17.47

14.52

Z - axis
Mid
Frame

End
Frame

Mid
Frame
Mid

Mid
Frame

0.90

0.86

0.82

1.30

1.26

2.24

3.59

3.43

3.28

5.19

5.02

11.67

5.04

8.08

7.71

7.37

11.67

11.30

12.37

20.74

8.96

14.37

13.71

13.11

20.74

20.08

16.44

19.33

32.41

14.00

22.45

21.42

20.48

32.41

31.38

25.15

23.67

27.84

46.67

20.17

32.33

30.84

29.49

46.67

45.18

19.76

34.24

32.22

37.89

63.52

27.45

44.00

41.98

40.14

63.52

61.50

25.81

44.72

42.08

49.49

82.96

35.85

57.47

54.83

52.43

82.96

80.33

32.67

56.60

53.26

62.64

105.00

45.37

72.73

69.39

66.36

105.00 101.66

10

40.33

69.87

65.75

77.33

129.63

56.02

89.79

85.67

81.93

129.63 125.51

11

48.80

84.55

79.56

93.57

156.85

67.78

108.65 103.66

99.13

156.85 151.87

12

58.08

100.62

94.68

111.36 186.67

80.66

129.30 123.37 117.98 186.67 180.73

13

68.16

118.09 111.12 130.70 219.08

94.67

151.75 144.78 138.46 219.08 212.11

14

79.05

136.95 128.87 151.58 254.08 109.79 175.99 167.91 160.58 254.08 246.00

15

66.90

118.08 113.34 129.21 221.42

95.28

152.52 147.79 139.73 221.42 216.68

Staad models of the structural system

Fig.4 (a) Typical Plan and 3D view of 2 x 6 bays frame with Bare Frame
(BF).

Fig.4 (b) Typical Plan and 3D view of 2 x 6 bays frame with External
shear wall at corners (ESWC).

Fig.4 (c) Typical Plan and 3D view of 2 x 6 bays frame with External shear
wall at Mid frame (ESWM).

Fig.4 (d) Typical Plan and 3D view of 2 x 6 bays frame with Internal shear
wall at corners (ISWC).

Fig.4 (e) Typical Plan and 3D view of 2 x 6 bays frame with Internal shear
wall at Mid frame (ISWM).

Equilibrium check for the frames considered

A typical calculation is given below for ISWC
Table 1 Support Reaction Fx load Elx-Equilibrium Calculation For ISWC, 2X6 (5x5meach) bays column
750x750mm
Moment-X
Moment-Y
Moment-Z
Node
L/C
Force-X kN
Force-Y kN
Force-Z kN
kNm
kNm
kNm
30
3
472.242
-1775.244
-68.165
-15.973
-1.588
-127.33
22
3
472.242
-1775.251
68.165
15.973
1.588
-127.33
42
3
472.226
1775.2
68.17
15.973
-1.562
-127.33
24
3
472.226
1775.206
-68.17
-15.973
1.562
-127.33
36
3
213.319
0.22
0
0.001
1.332
164.055
23
3
213.318
0.22
0
-0.001
-1.332
164.055
2039
3
1.105
-58.407
9.008
-2.256
0.075
0.309
2043
3
1.105
-58.405
-9.008
2.256
-0.075
0.309
2051
3
1.104
58.393
-9.004
2.256
0.075
0.309
2047
3
1.104
58.39
9.004
-2.256
-0.075
0.309
3023
3
-0.372
121.368
-9.146
0.929
2.314
2.53
3659
3
-0.372
121.368
9.147
-0.929
-2.314
2.53
4597
3
-0.373
-121.388
9.143
-0.929
2.316
2.53
2054
3
-0.373
-121.388
-9.144
0.93
-2.316
2.53
2057
3
-2.314
-148.868
-1.572
-0.13
-0.061
1.707
4596
3
-2.314
-148.867
1.573
0.13
0.061
1.707
3662
3
-2.314
148.852
1.574
0.13
-0.061
1.707
3026
3
-2.314
148.851
-1.575
-0.13
0.061
1.707
2059
3
-10.438
-185.377
-7.547
-0.151
0.732
3.649
4595
3
-10.438
-185.377
7.545
0.152
-0.732
3.649
3664
3
-10.439
185.364
7.549
0.151
0.733
3.649
3028
3
-10.439
185.365
-7.547
-0.152
-0.733
3.649
29
3
-76.398
-1302.697
0.081
20.227
-1.717
483.251
25
3
-76.398
-1302.696
-0.081
-20.227
1.717
483.251
41
3
-76.425
1302.194
-0.08
-20.228
-1.576
483.236

Table 1 Continued
37

-76.425

1302.193

0.08

20.228

1.576

483.236

27

-76.962

-1397.622

484.532

39

-76.969

1397.453

484.528

35

-83.721

0.383

0.001

-3.289

496.899

31

-83.721

0.383

-0.001

3.289

496.899

28

-84.726

-1265.447

4.385

15.704

6.321

504.275

26

-84.726

-1265.447

-4.385

-15.704

-6.321

504.275

40

-84.753

1265.024

-4.385

-15.704

6.17

504.259

38

-84.753

1265.024

4.385

15.704

-6.17

504.259

33

-85.195

0.173

498.416

34

-92.315

0.378

6.373

517.411

32

-92.315

0.378

-6.373

517.411

2693

-92.666

-315.462

-0.309

-0.231

0.015

2.197

3329

-92.666

-315.462

0.309

0.231

-0.015

2.197

2405

-92.668

315.482

-0.31

-0.231

-0.015

2.197

4293

-92.668

315.482

0.31

0.231

0.015

2.197

2695

-110.11

-118.943

-1.965

-0.62

0.158

2.973

3331

-110.11

-118.943

1.965

0.62

-0.158

2.973

2407

-110.12

118.954

-1.966

-0.62

-0.158

2.974

4292

-110.12

118.955

1.966

0.62

0.158

2.974

2061

-113.75

-745.802

-26.272

-50.09

14.071

20.993

4594

-113.75

-745.813

26.274

50.09

-14.071

20.993

3666

-113.77

745.777

26.29

50.09

14.07

20.993

Table 1 Continued
3030

-113.77

745.786

-26.293

-50.089

-14.071

20.993

2046

-136.79

-484.823

0.084

-0.042

0.014

-8.11

2050

-136.79

-484.823

-0.084

0.042

-0.014

-8.11

2038

-136.79

484.846

0.084

-0.042

-0.014

-8.11

2042

-136.79

484.848

-0.084

0.042

0.014

-8.11

2690

-248.9

-533.268

-0.018

-0.115

-0.016

-3.142

3326

-248.9

-533.268

0.018

0.115

0.016

-3.142

2402

-248.91

533.299

-0.018

-0.116

0.016

-3.141

4294

-248.91

533.298

0.018

0.116

-0.016

-3.141

2697

-437.24

486.922

-27.026

-3.526

3.153

65.4

3333

-437.24

486.924

27.026

3.526

-3.153

65.4

4291

-437.26

-486.93

27.043

3.526

3.152

65.402

2409

-437.26

-486.931

-27.043

-3.526

-3.152

65.402

-3526.25

0.004

-0.001

0.002

-0.001

7618.96

Table 2 Support Reaction Fz load Elz-Equilibrium Calculation For ISWC, 2X6 (5x5meach) bays
column 750x750mm

Moment-X Moment-Y Moment-Z

Force-X kN Force-Y kN Force-Z kN
kNm
kNm
kNm

Node

L/C

24

-42.35

-1470.146

439.464

117.105

1.789

10.11

22

42.35

-1470.147

439.464

117.105

-1.789

-10.11

42

42.335

1469.136

439.345

117.072

1.733

-10.105

30

-42.335

1469.135

439.345

117.073

-1.733

10.105

37

0.302

411.204

70.518

-280.28

-0.816

-0.371

25

-0.302

411.204

70.518

-280.28

0.816

0.371

29

0.302

-409.928

70.485

-280.26

0.796

-0.37

41

-0.302

-409.928

70.485

-280.26

-0.796

0.37

2050

-12.765

-62.706

0.926

-0.317

0.084

-1.901

2038

12.766

-62.706

0.926

-0.317

-0.084

1.901

2042

-12.747

62.627

0.925

-0.317

-0.084

-1.899

2046

12.747

62.627

0.925

-0.317

0.084

1.899

3326

-8.907

-114.068

-0.392

-2.238

-1.875

0.618

2402

8.907

-114.068

-0.392

-2.238

1.875

-0.618

2690

8.896

113.94

-0.394

-2.238

-1.875

-0.617

4294

-8.896

113.94

-0.394

-2.238

1.875

0.617

3329

-4.01

-131.326

-2.149

-1.624

-0.024

-0.015

2405

4.01

-131.327

-2.149

-1.624

0.024

0.015

Table 2 Continued
2693

4.004

131.197

-2.149

-1.624

-0.024

0.016

4293

-4.003

131.198

-2.15

-1.624

0.024

-0.016

3331

-0.035

-157.869

-9.895

-3.468

0.722

-0.049

2407

0.035

-157.869

-9.895

-3.468

-0.722

0.049

2695

0.031

157.732

-9.895

-3.467

0.722

0.049

4292

-0.031

157.732

-9.895

-3.467

-0.722

-0.049

38

-0.079

29.939

-44.525

-391.25

-0.146

0.133

26

0.079

29.939

-44.525

-391.25

0.146

-0.133

28

-0.079

-29.261

-44.534

-391.23

0.157

0.133

40

0.079

-29.261

-44.534

-391.23

-0.157

-0.133

23

-1094.977

-58.089

-395.83

36

1093.034

-58.125

-395.79

39

0.001

0.321

-62.866

-409.22

0.93

0.001

27

-0.001

0.321

-62.866

-409.22

-0.93

-0.001

31

-12.452

-69.423

-414.13

35

13.056

-69.437

-414.09

32

21.244

-73.918

-420.07

34

-20.608

-73.925

-420.06

33

0.281

-75.14

-420.56

3026
4596
3662
2057
3028
4595
2059
3664
2409
3333
2697
4291
2047
2043
2051
2039
3023
4597
3659
2054
4594
3030
2061
3666

4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4

-0.236
0.236
0.238
-0.238
-1.297
1.297
-1.3
1.3
5.671
-5.671
5.632
-5.632
0.242
-0.242
-0.241
0.241
0.272
-0.272
-0.271
0.271
16.851
-16.851
-16.898
16.898
0.002

Table 2 Continued
-305.273
-92.469
-305.273
-92.469
305.309
-92.484
305.309
-92.484
-126.971
-109.39
-126.971
-109.39
126.949
-109.4
126.949
-109.4
-622.739
-110.75
-622.74
-110.75
622.29
-110.77
622.29
-110.77
-460.664
-132.38
-460.665
-132.38
460.773
-132.42
460.773
-132.42
-506.149
-300.02
-506.147
-300.02
506.248
-300.04
506.248
-300.04
375.824
-439.41
375.822
-439.41
-376.176
-439.48
-376.176
-439.48
0
-3526.3

-2.109
-2.109
-2.109
-2.109
-2.757
-2.757
-2.758
-2.758
-19.785
-19.785
-19.781
-19.781
7.337
7.337
7.339
7.339
3.04
3.04
3.037
3.037
-56.085
-56.085
-56.117
-56.117
-6228.7

0.046
-0.046
0.046
-0.046
-0.053
0.053
0.053
-0.053
-13.75
13.75
13.747
-13.747
0.016
-0.016
0.016
-0.016
0.048
-0.048
0.048
-0.048
1.84
-1.84
1.84
-1.84
0

0.11
-0.11
-0.11
0.11
0.372
-0.372
0.373
-0.373
40.887
-40.887
40.86
-40.86
-0.024
0.024
0.024
-0.024
-0.017
0.017
0.016
-0.016
-2.178
2.178
2.179
-2.179
0

Equillibrium for lateral load Fy

Table 3 Vertical loads - Equilibrium calculation for ISWC 2 x6 (5 x5 m each) bays, column 750x750
mm.
Dead Loads
Sl. No.

3
4
5
6

7
8
9

member
Plinth
Beam in X
axis
Plinth
Beam in Z
axis
Beam in X
axis
Beam in Z
axis
Column
Slab
Imposed
load on
slab
Wall in Xaxis
Wall in Zaxis

L in m

B in m

H in m

numbers

No. of
floors

density in dead load in

kN/m3
kN

5.00

0.23

0.30

14.00

1.00

25.00

120.75

5.00

0.23

0.30

18.00

1.00

25.00

155.25

5.00

0.23

0.50

14.00

15.00

25.00

3018.75

5.00
0.75
10.00

0.23
0.75
30.00

0.50
46.50
0.13

18.00
21.00
1.00

15.00
1.00
15.00

25.00
25.00
25.00

3881.25
13732.03
14062.50

10.00

30.00

1.00

1.00

15.00

2.88

12937.50

5.00

1.00

1.00

14.00

15.00

10.00

10500.00

5.00

1.00

1.00

18.00

15.00

10.00

13500.00

Table 3 Continued
Shear wall
in X-axis
10

1.25

0.10

3.00

4.00

15.00

25.00

562.50

1.25

0.10

3.00

4.00

15.00

25.00

562.50

12

Parapet
wall in X
- axis

5.00

1.00

1.00

4.00

1.00

2.20

44.00

13

Parapet
wall in Z axis

5.00

1.00

1.00

12.00

1.00

2.20

132.00

Shear wall
in Z-axis
11

73209.03
Live Loads
14

Floor Slab

10.00

30.00

1.00

1.00

14.00

4.00

16800.00

15

Terrace
slab

10.00

30.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.50

450.00

Total
Factored load

90459.03
1.50

90459.03

135688.55

Table 4 Support reaction Fy load 1.5(DL+LL)-Equilibrium calculation for

ISWC,2x6 (5x5m each)bays, column 750x750 mm
Force-X
Force-Z Moment- Moment- Moment-Z
Node
L/C
kN
Force-Y kN
kN
X kNm
Y kNm
kNm
33
5
0
9425.778
0
0
0
0
32
5
0
8879.686
1.688
-1.322
0
0
34
5
0
8879.684
-1.688
1.322
0
0
31
5
0
8541.976
10.04
19.179
0
0
35
5
0
8541.971
-10.04
-19.179
0
0
39
5
-27.681 6493.022
0
0
0
28.778
27
5
27.681
6493.022
0
0
0
-28.778
26
5
20.957
5915.58
0.993
1.019
0.655
-17.763
38
5
-20.957
5915.58
0.993
1.019
-0.655
17.763
28
5
20.957
5915.58
-0.993
-1.019
-0.655
-17.763
40
5
-20.957 5915.579
-0.993
-1.019
0.655
17.763
25
5
21.078
5440.889
7.221
9.841
-0.944
-17.967
37
5
-21.078 5440.888
7.221
9.841
0.944
17.967
29
5
21.078
5440.887
-7.221
-9.841
0.944
-17.967
41
5
-21.078 5440.886
-7.221
-9.841
-0.944
17.967
23
5
0
5336.046
31.531
34.869
0
0
36
5
0
5336.046 -31.531 -34.869
0
0
22
5
-56.235 2082.306
-58.77
-12.206
-1.482
11.328
24
5
56.235
2082.306
-58.77
-12.206
1.482
-11.328

42
30
3333
2409
4291
2697
4594
3030
2061
3666
3331
2695
2407
4292
3028
3664
2059
4595
2402
4294
2690
3326

5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5

56.235
-56.235
-24.122
24.122
24.121
-24.122
26.908
-26.908
26.908
-26.908
-6.474
-6.474
6.475
6.475
-1.785
-1.785
1.785
1.785
-15.007
-15.007
15.007
15.007

Table 4 Continued
2082.299
58.771
2082.297
58.771
905.601
29.109
905.601
29.109
905.6
-29.109
905.599
-29.109
903.794
-23.891
903.792
-23.891
903.781
23.889
903.781
23.889
261.129
1.848
261.129
-1.848
261.128
1.848
261.127
-1.848
258.931
-6.85
258.931
6.853
258.931
6.853
258.931
-6.851
245.538
0.766
245.538
-0.766
245.538
-0.766
245.538
0.766

12.206
12.206
3.338
3.338
-3.338
-3.338
-57.625
-57.625
57.626
57.626
0.618
-0.618
0.618
-0.618
0.11
-0.11
-0.11
0.11
0.337
-0.337
-0.337
0.337

-1.482
1.482
-3.535
3.535
-3.535
3.535
3.498
-3.498
-3.498
3.498
-0.28
0.28
0.28
-0.28
-0.208
0.208
-0.208
0.208
-0.029
0.029
-0.029
0.029

-11.328
11.328
57.534
-57.534
-57.534
57.534
-3.211
3.211
-3.21
3.21
-0.177
-0.177
0.177
0.177
0.568
0.568
-0.568
-0.569
26.994
26.994
-26.994
-26.994

2054
3659
3023
4597
2405
4293
3329
2693
3662
2057
3026
4596
2042
2038
2046
2050
2039
2051
2043
2047

5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5

0.313
-0.313
-0.313
0.313
-2.312
-2.312
2.312
2.312
-0.269
0.269
-0.269
0.269
-22.399
-22.399
22.399
22.399
0.166
-0.166
0.166
-0.166
0.001

Table 4 Continued
241.28
-8.848
241.28
-8.848
241.28
8.848
241.28
8.848
231.192
0.209
231.192
-0.209
231.191
0.209
231.191
-0.209
227.991
-1.73
227.991
-1.73
227.991
1.73
227.991
1.729
114.645
-0.417
114.645
0.417
114.645
-0.417
114.645
0.417
111.467
-21.779
111.467
-21.779
111.462
21.778
111.462
21.778
135688.53
0

-27.034
-27.034
27.033
27.033
0.266
-0.266
0.266
-0.266
-0.353
-0.353
0.354
0.354
-0.144
0.144
-0.144
0.144
3.369
3.369
-3.369
-3.369
0.002

0.028
-0.028
0.028
-0.028
0.155
-0.155
-0.155
0.155
0.075
-0.075
-0.075
0.075
-0.07
0.07
0.07
-0.07
-0.038
0.038
0.038
-0.038
0

-0.186
0.186
0.186
-0.186
0.442
0.442
-0.442
-0.442
0.219
-0.219
0.219
-0.219
-3.425
-3.425
3.424
3.424
-0.076
0.076
-0.076
0.076
-0.003

Results and Discussion

Comparison of maximum values of displacements obtained in
case of frames with LLRS (with Shear walls) with the maximum
values obtained for the basic moment resisting frame (BF)
(without any LLRS).
Comparison of maximum values of support reactions obtained in
case of frames with LLRS (with Shear walls) with the maximum
values obtained for the basic moment resisting frame (BF).
Comparison of maximum values of bending moments, shear
forces and axial forces in members obtained in case of frames
with LLRS (with Shear wall) with the maximum values obtained
for the basic moment resisting frame (BF).
Study of maximum Principal stresses occurring in the plates for
frames with Shear wall.

Maximum displacement at storey level

storey height in m

2x6 storey height v/s storey

displacement (x).
45
42
39
36
33
30
27
24
21
18
15
12
9
6
3
0
0

10

15

20

25

30

storey displacement in cm
BARE FRAME

ESWC

ESWM

ISWC

Fig.5( a) 2 x 6 bays Storey height v/s Storey displacement (x).

ISWM

storey height in m

2x6 storey height v/s storey

Displacement (z)
45
42
39
36
33
30
27
24
21
18
15
12
9
6
3
0
0

10

15

20

25

storey displacement in cm
BARE FRAME

ESWC

ESWM

ISWC

ISWM

Fig.5( b) 2 x 6 bays Storey height v/s Storey displacement (z).

Maximum joint displacement

Table 5 - MAXIMUM JOINT DISPLACEMENT ,2X6 (5m each) bays frame,
15 STOREY BUILDING, ZONE V, column 0.75X0.75m
Max X

2x6

TYPE OF
Frame FRAME

L/C

XTrans

Bare Frame

10

ESWC

Max Z

Max ABL
ABL- e=1/((1/x
Trans +(1/z))

L/C

ZTrans

L/C

286.367

12

218.003

11

286.775 123.78

10

269.646

12

206.663

11

269.979 117.00

ESWM

10

252.203

12

195.408

11

252.871 110.10

ISWC

10

240.412

12

192.345

11

240.935 106.85

ISWM

10

199.162

12

152.177

11

199.414

86.26

Table 5 - (Cont.)

4X6

3X6

2X2

MAXIMUM JOINT DISPLACEMENT , 15 STOREY BUILDING, ZONE V,

column 0.75X0.75m
Frame
Max X, mm
Max Z, mm
TYPE OF
e=1/((1/x
FRAME
X-Trans
L/C
Z-Trans +(1/z))
Bare Frame
ESWC
ESWM
ISWC
ISWM
Bare Frame
ESWC
ESWM
ISWC
ISWM
Bare Frame
ESWC
ESWM
ISWC
ISWM

10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10

244.643
226.65
193.628
173.86
116.537
287.138
276.486
269.673
253.903
175.667
275.934
267.524
272.046
251.149
212.725

12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
13
12
12

244.643
226.65
193.628
173.86
116.537
250.676
241.924
240.022
225.589
213.876
258.827
251.169
-241.57
237.303
202.535

122.32
113.33
96.81
86.93
58.27
133.84
129.03
126.99
119.46
96.45
133.55
129.54
-2156.15
122.01
103.75

Maximum joint displacement in X direction

Fig. 6- 2 x 2 Bays Bare frame

Displacement along X-axis.

Fig. 7- 2 x 2 Bays ESWC

Displacement along X-axis.

Maximum joint displacement in X direction

Fig. 8- 2 x 2 Bays ESWM

Displacement along X-axis.

Fig. 9- 2 x 2 Bays ISWM

Displacement along X-axis.

Maximum joint displacement

X-displacement V/S No.of Bays

X-displacement

300
250
200
150

100
50
0

2x2

2x6

3x6

4x6

No. of Bays
BARE FRAME

ESWC

ESWM

ISWC

Fig.10 Maximum Joint displacement along X direction

ISWM

Z-displacement V/S No of Bays

z-displacement

300
250
200
150
100
50
0

2x2

BARE FRAME

2x6

3x6

No of Bays
ESWC
ESWM

4x6

ISWC

ISWM

Fig.11 Maximum Joint displacement along Z direction

LLRS PERCENTAGE INCREASE

Percentage Increase in Joint Displacement in LLRS w.r.t Bare Frame
x max
z max

LLRS
ESWC
ESWM
ISWC
ISWM

FRAMES 2X2, 2X6,

FRAMES 2X2, 2X6, 3X6, 4X6
3X6, 4X6
(7-4)
(7-3)
(20-2)
(4-193)
(29-9)
(29-9)
(52-23)
(52-14)

Percentage Increase in Joint

Displacement in ESWC w.r.t ESWM

Percentage Increase in Joint

Displacement in ISWC w.r.t ISWM

Displacement

FRAMES 2X2, 2X6,

3X6, 4X6

Displacement

FRAMES 2X2, 2X6,

3X6, 4X6

x max

(15-3)

x max

(33-15)

z max

(15-1)

z max

(33-5)

 From the discussions, the following points are noted :

The negative sign in the table indicates the reduction in the
joint displacement value along X and Z directions.
The maximum joint displacement generally occurs at external
nodes for all the models considered at top storey.
The maximum joint displacement reduces in all frames with
LLRS when compared to bare frame.
The maximum joint displacement values of frames with
Internal shear wall at corners (ISWC) and Internal shear wall
at mid frame (ISWM) are less than frames with External shear
wall at corners (ESWC) and External shear wall at mid frame
(ESWM).

Maximum support reaction in frame

Mz

Fx

Fz

Fx

Mx

Mz

Fz

Mx
B

My
Fy

My
Fy

Fig. 12 Support Reactions at A and B.

The parameters considered are indicated graphically in the

above figure. The Maximum support reactions, namely forces
in X, Y and Z directions (Fx, Fy, Fz) and bending moments in
X and Z directions (Mx and Mz, My not being considered as
the values are negligible).

MAXIMUM SUPPORT REACTION 15 STOREY BUILDING, ZONE V column 0.75x0.75m

Max Fx

Max Fy

Max Fz

Type of
Max Fx
Max Fy
Frame Frame L/C KN
L/C KN
L/C

2X6

Max Mx

Max Fz
KN
L/C

Max Mx

Max
Max Mz
Mx KN L/C KN

Bare
frame

10 -268.141

5 9426.94

17 261.684

12 -1103.7

11

-1235.3

ESWC

10 529.034

5 9426.33

13 532.489

12 -662.73

14

823.714

ESWM

11 472.022

5 9142.79

13 490.037

13 534.389

14

646.303

ISWC

11 -754.881

5 9425.78

13

-707.94

13 634.256

11

-776.12

ISWM

10 -523.342

11 9337.69

12

-538.58

13 437.484

15

-611.35

Fig 13 - 2X6 Bays bare frame and ESWC support reaction along X-axis

Fig 14 - 2X6 Bays ESWM and ISWC support reaction along X-axis

Bar chart representing the Maximum support reaction in frame

Support reaction Fx V/S No. of Bays
Support reaction Fx, KN

1600.00
1400.00
1200.00
1000.00
800.00
600.00
400.00
200.00
0.00

2X2

BARE FRAME

2x6

3x6
No.of Bays

ESWC

ESWM

4x6

ISWC

Fig. 15 Maximum Support Reaction FX

ISWM

Support reaction Fy. KN

Support reaction Fy V/S No.of Bays

20000.00
15000.00
10000.00
5000.00
0.00
2X2

2x6

3x6

4x6

No.of Bays

BARE FRAME

ESWC

ESWM

ISWC

ISWM

Support reaction Fz V/S No. of Bays

Support reaction Fz, KN

1000
800
600

400
200
0
2X2

BARE FRAME

2x6
3x6
No.of Bays
ESWC
ESWM

4x6
ISWC

Fig.16 Maximum Support Reaction FY & FZ

ISWM

Support reaction Mx V/S No.of Bays

Support reaction Mx,
KN-M

2000
1500
1000
500
0

2X2
BARE FRAME

2x6

3x6

No.of Bays

ESWC

4x6

ESWM

ISWC

ISWM

Support reaction Mz, KN-M

Support reaction Mz V/S No.of Bays

1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0

2X2

2x6

3x6

4x6

No of Bays

BARE FRAME

ESWC

ESWM

ISWC

Fig. 17 Maximum Support Reaction MX &MZ

ISWM

Percentage Variation of Support Reaction in LLRS w.r.t. Bare Frame

FX

FY

FZ

MX

Frames 2x2, Frames 2x2, Frames 2x2, 2x6,

2x6, 3x6, 4x6 2x6, 3x6, 4x6
3x6, 4x6

MZ

LLRS

Frames 2x2, 2x6,

3x6, 4x6

ESWC

(262-329)

(0.72-0.002)

(103-335)

(138-30)

(166-23)

ESWM

(26-316)

(5.6-0.09)

(26-359)

(148-34)

(152-28)

ISWC

(119-209)

(3.4-0.02)

(113-370)

(32-173)

(137-27)

ISWM

(24-95)

(0.9-28)

(24-422)

(49-155)

(120-44)

Percentage Increase in Support Reaction in

ESWC w.r.t. ESWM
SL.NO
1
2
3
4
5

Support Reaction
FX
FY
FZ
MX
MZ

2X2,2X6,3X6,4
X6
(22-5)
(5-0.1)
(8-5)
(32-13)
(32-14)

Frames 2x2, 2x6,

3x6, 4x6

Percentage Increase in Support Reaction in

ISWC w.r.t. ISWM
SL.NO
1
2
3
4
5

Support Reaction
FX
FY
FZ
MX
MZ

2X2,2X6,3X6,4
X6
(41-77)
(14-1.5)
(43-16)
(42-24)
(43-24)

 From the discussions, the following points are noted :

The maximum support reactions Fx, Fy and Fz generally
increase whereas Mx and Mz decrease. Therefore, it is
important to take care of the maximum support reactions Fx
and Fz while retrofitting with the LLRS considered.
When the frames with ESWC are compared with ESWM
the maximum support reactions Fx and Fz increase in all
models considered but the difference between ESWC and
ESWM as the number of bays increase remains almost
same.
When support reaction developed in frames with ISWC are
compared with ISWM all maximum support reactions Fx
,Fy, Fz, Mx and Mz reduces.
The difference between ESWC , ESWM, ISWC and ISWM
remains almost same .

Maximum beam forces

Mz

Fx

Mz

Fz

Fz

Shear Z

Shear Z

Mz

Mz

Fx
Mx

Mx
My
Fy

My
Fy

Axial
Force

Axial
Force
Mx

Mx
My

My
Shear Y

Shear Y

BEAM FORCES ALONG LOCAL AXIS

Beam Forces in
Local Axis Global Axis
Axial Force Fx

BEAM FORCES ALONG GLOBAL AXIS

Shear Y

Fy

Shear Z

Fz

Fig. 19 - 3X6 bays Bare frame shear force and Bending moment

Fig. 20 - 3X6 bays ESWC shear force and Bending moment

Beam Forces Fx

Beam Forces Fx V/S No.of Bays

20000
15000
10000
5000
0
2X2

BARE FRAME

2X6

ESWC

3X6

No. of Bays
ESWM

4X6

ISWC

ISWM

Beam Forces Fy V/S No. of Bays

Beam Forces Fy

1500
1000
500
0
2X2

2X6

3X6

4X6

No.of Bays
BARE FRAME

ESWC

ESWM

ISWC

Fig. 21 Maximum Beam forces Fx &Fy

ISWM

Beam Forces Mx V/S No. of Bays

Beam forces Mx

400
300
200
100
0
2X2

BARE FRAME

2X6

3X6

No.of Bays
ESWC
ESWM

4X6

ISWC

ISWM

Beam Forces Mz

Beam Forces Mz V/S No. of Bays

1500
1000
500
0
2X2

2X6

3X6

4X6

No. of Bays
BARE FRAME

ESWC

ESWM

ISWC

Fig. 22 Maximum Beam forces Mx & Mz

ISWM

Percentage Increase in Beam Forces in Frames with LLRS w.r.t. .Bare Frame
Beam Force
Bays
ESWC
ESWM
ISWC
ISWM
Fx

2X2, 2X6,
3X6, 4X6

(0.0017-0.72)

(7.8-3)

(11-0.03)

(0.9-219.13)

FY

2X2, 2X6,
3X6, 4X6

(16.7-217.9)

(263.6-215.8)

(182.6-100)

(245.2-67.4)

Mx

2X2, 2X6,
3X6, 4X6

(1.5-0.017)

(119.6-200)

(115.4-119.6)

(98.9-199.5)

MY

2X2, 2X6,
3X6, 4X6

(167.3-179.4)

(162.5-171.46)

(118.7-175.5)

(164.2-173)

Percentage Increase in Beam Forces in ESWC w.r.t

ESWM

Percentage Increase in Beam Forces in ISWC

w.r.t ISWM
Beam
SL. NO.
Forces
2X2 - 2X6 3X6 -4X6

SL. NO.

Beam Forces

2X2 - 2X6

3X6 -4X6

Fx

(8.6 to 3)

(1 to 0.1)

Fx

(0.9 to 0.9)

(19 to 1.2)

Fy

(40 to 15)

(1.66 to 15.4)

Fy

(21 to 21)

(6 to 4)

Mx

(116.3 to 3.2)

(0.3 to 200)

Mx

(8 to 8)

(0.5 to 17)

Mz

(9.4 to 21.2)

(22 to 20)

Mz

(27 to 27)

(21 to 17)

 When beam forces developed in frames with

ESWC are compared with ESWM the maximum
beam axial force Fx, beam shear force Fy and
bending moment Mz decrease whereas torsion
moment Mx increases.
When beam forces developed in frames with
ISWC are compared with ISWM the maximum
beam axial force Fx, torsion moment Mx decrease
whereas beam shear force Fy, bending moment
Mz increases .
When beam forces developed in frames with
ISWC are compared with ESWC the maximum
beam axial force Fx, beam shear force Fy, torsion
moment Mx and bending moment Mz decreases.

MAXIMUM PRINCIPAL STRESS, 15 STOREY BUILDING ,ZONE V ,column 0.75x0.75m

3x6

4x6

ESWC

14

Bottom

53.353

11

Bottom

-64.092

11

Bottom

30.38

ESWM

14

Top

66.643

11

Top

-81.153

11

Top

38.622

ISWC

15

Bottom

41.799

10

Top

-52.721

10

Top

24.941

ISWM

17

Bottom

40.407

12

Top

-59.075

12

Top

28.129

ESWC

14

Bottom

56.145

10

Top

-67.296

10

Top

31.874

ESWM

14

Top

71.676

10

Bottom

-86.771

10

Bottom

41.256

ISWC

15

Bottom

45.093

10

Top

-56.403

10

Top

26.676

ISWM

15

Bottom

63.907

10

Top

-83.294

10

Top

39.531

Fig.23 4X6 bays ESWM Max Tensile stress and Max Shear stress

Maximum principal stresses in shear wall

Principal Stress Smax V/S No. of Bays

Principal Stress Smin V/S No. of Bays

100

60

Smin N/mm^2

Smax N/mm^2

80

40
20
0
2x2

ESWC

2x6

3x6

4x6

No. of Bays
ESWM
ISWC

50

0
2x2

ESWC

ESWM

Tmax N/mm^2

60
40
20
0
2x6

3x6

4x6

No. of Bays
ESWC

4x6

ISWC

ISWM

Fig 25- Principal compressive stress Smin

Principal Stress Tmax V/S NO.of Bays

2x2

3x6

No.of Bays

ISWM

Fig 24 Principal tensile stress Smax

2x6

ESWM

ISWC

ISWM

Fig 26- Principal Shear stress Tmax

CONCLUSIONS

Effect of loads and load combinations

Out of 17 possible loads and load combinations
maximum Joint displacements, support reactions, forces
(except forces in global Y direction) and stresses in
structural members are generally found to occur for the
load combination, 10 or 11 i.e. 1.5 (DL+ELx), or 12 or 13
i.e. 1.5 (DL+ELz).Hence, it is important and necessary to
consider seismic loads in analysis of structural systems.
It is found that non-seismic load combination 5 i.e., 1.5
(DL + LL) results in maximum support reaction Fy forces
in global Y direction for all structural systems. This
highlights the importance of considering all load
combinations in analysis of any structure.

 Maximum joint displacements

In all directions occurring in frames with
LLRS get substantially reduced when
compared with Bare frame establishing the
efficiency of all LLRS considered in the
present study
The maximum joint displacement values of
frames with Internal shear wall are less than
frames with External shear wall at corners
(ESWC).

Maximum Support reaction

The maximum support reactions Fx and Fz
generally increase in frames with LLRS
whereas Mx and Mz decrease. Therefore, this
should be taken into account while upgrading
with concerned LLRS.
The Maximum Support Moments, Mx largely
reduces by 78% when the values of frame with
External shear wall and frames with internal
shear wall are compared with bare frame.

 Maximum forces in beams

Addition of shear walls to bare frame increases the Axial force Fx
and Shear force Fy and reduce Torsion moment Mx and Bending
moment Mz in beams when compared with bare frame. Therefore it
is essential to check the safety of all structural components for the
forces developed in them due to retrofitting with addition of shear
walls.
The least value of the maximum beam shear forces Fy, moment Mx
and Mz occur in case of frames with Internal shear wall at corners
(ISWC), whereas the value of maximum beam axial force Fx is least
in case of frames with External shear walls at corners (ESWC).
Principal Stresses in shear walls
The maximum Tensile stress, Smax, maximum Compressive stress,
Smin and maximum Shear stress, Tmax, occur at the base of the
shear wall.
maximum values of stresses Smax, Smin and Tmax reduce when
frames with Internal shear wall are compared to frames with
External shear wall.

 Conclusively
All the LLRS considered are effective in resisting lateral loads due
to earth quake.
Internal shear wall are more effective than External shear wall as
LLRS. However provision of External shear wall as LLRS is one of
the possible option for retrofitting.
When different LLRS considered in the study are employed in field
for upgrading or retrofitting a structure, it is necessary to ensure
proper connections between existing structure and LLRS provided.

LIMITATIONS
The limitations of the present investigations are
In this study it is assumed that structure is 1.5 m below
the ground level. The study is carried out assuming that
the loads applied are within the elastic range (Service
Loads). Hence the results may not be valid when loads
applied are such that the material is no longer elastic.
It is assumed that all the LLRS considered are in full
contact with the frames and there is no separation
between them. In the present study frames and lateral load
resisting systems considered are symmetric in geometry.
It is assumed that there is enough space for providing
foundation for shear wall.

SCOPE FOR FURTHER STUDY

The following parametric studies are suggested.
Non-linear dynamic analysis to be carried out considering
non linearity of materials to describe the actual behavior
of all LLRS considered during earthquake.
Effects of all lateral load resisting systems for varying
number of storeys.
Effects of thickness variation in shear wall along the
height of the building.

References

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 INDIAN STANDARD CODES AND HANDBOOKS

IS: 456-2000 - Code of Practice for Plain and Reinforced
Concrete, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.
IS: 1893 (Part 1) 2002 - Code of Practice for Criteria
for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures, Part 1:
General Provisions and Buildings, Bureau of Indian
Standards, New Delhi.
IS: 875 1987 - Code of Practice for Design Loads
(other than Earthquake) for Buildings and Structures, Part
1: Dead Loads, Part 2: Imposed Loads, Part 5: Special
Loads and Load Combinations, Bureau of Indian
Standards, New Delhi.
NEHRP guidelines for the seismic rehabilitation of
building, FEMA 273 / October 1997.