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Gypsum Products
Introduction
A. Gypsum found abundantly in nature = Natural Ore
B. Dihydrate form of Calcium
Sulfate
(CaSO4 - 2H2O)
C. CaSO4 - 2H2O + Heat = Calcium Sulfate
Hemihydrate (CaSO4 - 1/2 H2O)
D. Hemihydrate changes to Dihydrate + 3900 cal/gm
E. Gypsum Product + Water = Gypsum + HEAT
EXOTHERMIC
I. Dental Application
Cast, Dies, Models = Positive Reproduction
Used to evaluate the dentition
Fabrication of Restorations and Prostheses
Mounting casts on an Articulator
Molds for processing Dental Polymers
Investments for Castings
A. Dental Plaster
Gypsum + Heat (open kettle at 110/120 C) =
Beta CaSO4 -1/2H2O
Beta Calcium Sulfate Hemihydrate
Characteristics
Irregular Shaped Crystals
Very porous
Random shaped
2 Forms of Plaster:
TYPE I GYPSUM = IMPRESSION PLASTER
TYPE II GYPSUM = CAST OR MODEL PLASTER
Characteristics
Characteristics
Very dense crystals
Cubic or rectangular crystals
Large crystals
2 Forms :
TYPE IV GYPSUM = HIGH STRENGTH/LOW EXPANSION
TYPE V = HIGH STRENGTH/HIGH EXPANSION ( CASTING
INVESTMENT )
Summary
All have the same chemical formula
All have the same chemical reaction with
water
All have different physical properties
A. Setting Time:
B. Compressive Strength
1. Based on the Water/Powder Ratio:
Plaster = 45 ml/cc to 100 grams powder
Stone = 30 ml/cc to 100 grams powder
Improved Stone = 19 - 24 ml/cc to 100 grams
powder
More water = less strength
Plaster = 1500 psi
Stone = 4500 psi
Improved Stone = 8000 psi
B. Compressive Strength
normal water-powder ratio (varies with
the particular manufacturer) :
plaster = 37-50ml water / 100 gm (18-31)
stone = 28-32 ml water /100 gm (9-13)
improved stone = 19-24 ml/ 100 gm (0-5)
19 cc of water is needed for all 3. Rest
is excess water to allow for mixing &
handling. This evaporates off.
C. Surface Hardness:
Related directly to the compressive
strength
Highest in Improved Stone
D. Abrasion Resistance:
Related directly to the compressive
strength
Highest in Improved Stone
E. Setting Expansion
All show a Linear Expansion upon setting:
Plaster .2%-.3%
Stone .08%-.1%
Improved Stone .05%-.08%
They do not contract or shrink!!!
IV. Manipulation
No drying
Use a vibrator
No drying!!
BAD TECHNIQUE
UNTRIMMED MODEL
Next lecture we will discuss the trimming & finishing of the
models -do not trim before!!
Impression Removal
Remove the impression from the model
after set -- preferably no longer than one
hour after final set of the gypsum product
used
A Roggen-Berry
Production
Et Voila!!
thats it--Cakes Done
Bon Appetit!!
BERRY
END