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MODELING FUNDAMENTALS
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Model Fundamentals
CHAPTER TWO
Model Fundamentals
CHAPTER TWO
Model Fundamentals
statistician George Box said it best:
All models are wrong. Some models are useful.
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Model Fidelity
The fidelity of a model is a measure of how closely the
model approximates the real world.
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Model Fidelity
Fidelity is all about shades of gray.
A model can be a sort of accurate reflection of reality
(for its purpose), and another higher-fidelity model can
be more accurate.
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Model Validity
A model is valid if it meets all the constraints, and it is
invalid otherwise.
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Organizational chart
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Balance sheet
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example
a restaurant can have good books this year but be
slow to seat and serve guests. This will lead to
customer dissatisfaction and lower demand.
Accounting will show this next year, as the revenues
decline.
A business process model of how people are seated
and served will illuminate the problem today.
CHAPTER TWO
example
a restaurant can have good books this year but be
slow to seat and serve guests. This will lead to
customer dissatisfaction and lower demand.
Accounting will show this next year, as the revenues
decline.
A business process model of how people are seated
and served will illuminate the problem today.
Feedbackward controlling vs. feedforward controlling
Dr. Rami Gharaibeh
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model usefullness
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model usefullness
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model usefullness
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model usefullness
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model usefullness
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model attractiveness
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model attractiveness
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model attractiveness
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model attractiveness
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model attractiveness
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model attractiveness
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Modeling tools
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Modeling tools
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Modeling tools
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Simulation
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Simulation
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Simulation
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Simulation
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Simulation
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Simulation
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Simulation
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Traceability
In examining a model, its always useful to ask about
the purpose of individual model elements. Why do we
enforce this rule? Why do we perform this business
process task?
The answers to the questions of purpose are usually
model elements in other models. We enforce this rule
because of a particular strategy we are working.
CHAPTER TWO
Traceability
Traceability is connecting model elements between
models, explaining a model element in one model by
referring to a model element in another.
Traceability answers why questionsquestions
about rationale, purpose, and intent. Some business
modeling tools support traceability.
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Traceability
At fast-food restaurants, takeout restaurants,
and many other places, food and beverages
are ordered together.
Why do the servers at our restaurant work first
on the drinks and only then on the food?
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model attractiveness
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Traceability
One reason is that customers will drink more if
they are served drinks first, and drinks are
high-margin items for the restaurant.
Another reason is that at more sophisticated
restaurants, taking the drink order and dinner
order at the same time is considered to be
rushing the customer and is inconsistent with a
high-end image.
Dr. Rami Gharaibeh
CHAPTER TWO
Traceability
the following figure shows part of the restaurants
motivation modelthe goals that the restaurant are
trying to achieve and how it is trying to achieve those
goals.
Asking for drink orders first is a tactic, a short-term
course of action that is meant to channel effort toward
objectives or goals.
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Traceability
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Traceability
Of course, this is only a small example. A more
complete motivation model for our restaurant would
include many more tactics, objectives, and goals as
well as other motivation model elements such as
influencers and threats.
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Traceability
The activities of a business process model are
connected to the tactics, objectives, and goals of a
business motivation model through tracelinks.
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Traceability
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Traceability
Note that tracelinks are not relationships between
whole models. We are not tracing the whole business
process model to the whole business motivation
model.
Rather, we are tracing two individual elements of the
business process model to a single element in the
motivation model. We are not answering broad
questions about the purpose of the business process
model. Instead we are answering narrow questions
about the purpose of serving drinks first.
Dr. Rami Gharaibeh
CHAPTER TWO
Traceability
Traceability is useful for understanding the impact of a
change. If we change this tactic, what activities must
be changed? By examining the tracelinks that point
from activities to the tactic, we can determine which
ones are affected. With the right tracelinks in place, we
can continue our traceability walk, looking at which
systems support the activities that are affected by the
changed tactic.