Advanced Plastic

(Research and development)

Renewable Plastic
Renewable Plastics are plastics that are made from renewable or reproducible
sources such as plant based products. Renewable plastics such as cellulosic
material has been used in the production of plastic materials since the early
1900s
Cellulose Acetate: Blackwell Plastics utilizes a renewable plastic made from cellulose or wood fiber in the
manufacturing of toothbrushes. This material has excellent cosmetic appearance, has good chemical resistance,
and is near water clear
Polylactic Acid (PLA): A biodegradable, thermoplastic, aliphatic polyester, derived from renewable sources such
as corn starch or sugarcane. This resin has also been available since the early 1900s but has only recently become
recognized for its renewable attributes. Blackwell Plastics uses this material in energy exploration applications
where the water soluble characteristics are important
Nylon 11 (PA11): An engineering grade thermoplastic made from renewable sources such as castor bean. This
resin has excellent chemical resistance, particularly to hydrocarbons, wide working temperatures (-40C to 130C),
good dimensional stability, and low density. This renewable source plastic is less hygroscopic than other
nylons.Blackwell Plastics uses this renewable source plastic in applications in the aerospace market that require
excellent chemical resistance and resistance to gaining moisture

Biodegradable plastic
Biodegradable plastics are plastics that are capable of being decomposed by
bacteria or other living organisms.
Bioplastics are plastics derived from renewable biomass sources, such as vegetable fats and
oils, corn starch, pea starch or microbiota. Bioplastic can be made from agricultural products
and also from used plastic bottles and other containers using microorganisms.
petrochemicals with biodegradable additives which enhance
biodegradation.( polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene or polyethylene terephthalate.)



Self healing plastics
contains a thin network of tubes, aping the human vascular system,
containing two separate gels that react when they come into contact with
each other. When the surface of the plastic is punctured, for instance if shot
by a bullet, the two gels pour out, mixing to form a surface roughly 60
percent as strong as the original.
Kevlar and PMC
(POLYMER MATRIX COMPOSITES)

INTRODUCTION OF KEVLAR
KEVLAR IS A MATERIAL COMBINING PARA-
PHENYLENEDIAMINE AND TERAPHTHALOYL CHLORIDE.
WHEN WOVEN, KEVLAR FORMS A STRONG AND FLEXIBLE
MATERIAL

PRODUCTION
Kevlar is synthesized in solution from the monomers 1,4-phenylene-diamine
(para-phenylenediamine) and terephthaloyl chloride in a condensation
reaction yielding hydrochloric acid as a byproduct.
It will produce Hexamethylphosphoramide (HMPA).


Advantages and disadvantages of using kevlar
Disadvantages
Must be combined with moisture
materials
Reacts bad towards compressive force
Difficult to cut and shape unless using
machines
Reacts badly to UV light
Reacts badly to chloride
Advantages
Very stable at high
temeperatures
Waterproof
Lightweight
Retains its flexibility
Polymer matrix composite
material consisting of a polymer (resin) matrix combined with a fibrous
reinforcing dispersed phase. Polymer Matrix Composites are very popular
due to their low cost and simple fabrication methods.

Advantages and disadvantages of PMC
High tensile strength
High stiffness
Good abrasion
resistance
Good corrosion
resistance
Low cost
Low thermal resistance
High coefficient of
thermal expansion

PROPERTIES OF PMC IS DETERMINED
BY
Properties of the fibres
Orientation of the fibers
Concentration of the fibers
Properties of the matrix