2011 - 2012

SUBMITTED TO-
Ms. Garima Mathur
HOD, Dept. of ECE
SUBMITTED BY-
Sweta Bhardwaj (EC08122)
Usha Sharma(EC08123)
Sandeep Sharma (EC08104)
Overview
Introduction.
Circuit diagram
Circuit description
Working
Component list & description
Application
Advantages
Conclusion

Introduction
Our project name is Automatic Room Light Controller
with bidirectional visitor counter. In this project we have
used both the software and hardware part. The
hardware comprises of the initial circuitry while the
software comprises of coding in C language in the
microcontroller. This circuit aims at finding the amount
of people present in the room and also switching on the
light when somebodys enter the room. When all the
persons left the room then the light is automatically
switched off.


Circuit diagram
Circuit description
We have connected LDR to the power supply. And we
have also interfaced it with the microcontroller. There
are two LDRS equipped on the same gate.
When the light is blocked from first to second LDR
then up counting takes place. And when the light is
blocked from second to first LDR then down counting
takes place . liquid Crystal display is used for
displaying the no. of persons present in the room.
A led will glow when a person enters the room. It will
glow until a single person is present in the room. If
the room is empty then led will stops glowing.

WORKING
There are two LDRS equipped on the same
gate. When the light is blocked from first to
second LDR then up counting takes place.
The base current of transistor T1 is low due to
blockage of light hence collector current is high.
The output of transistor T1 is fed to pin no. 38 of
microcontroller. And up counting start and no. of
person will display on LCD.



Cont
when the light is blocked from second to first LDR
then down counting takes place . liquid Crystal
display is used for displaying the no. of persons
present in the room.
The base current of transistor T2 is low due to
blockage of light hence collector current is high.
The output of transistor T2 is fed to pin no. 39 of
microcontroller. And down counting start and no. of
person will display on LCD.

Component list & description
Microcontroller (AT89C51)
LCD (16*2)
LDR
Energizer (9v)
Variable Resistor
Crystal Oscillator (11.095MHz)
Capacitor(1F,1pF)
Resistor (10k,330 )
Transistor (BC547)
Voltage regulator IC (7805)

Microcontroller(AT89C51)

The AT89C51 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit
microcomputer with 4 Kbytes of Flash Programmable and
Erasable Read Only Memory (EPROM).
The device is manufactured using Atmels high density
nonvolatile memory technology.
Four 8 bit I/O bidirectional ports.
Provides 6 interrupts(3 internal, 2 external, 1 reset).
128bytes of RAM.
2 timers of 16 bits.


Cont
Features:-
4 Kbytes of In-System Reprogrammable Flash Memory.
Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 24 MHz.
128 x 8-Bit Internal RAM.
32 Programmable I/O Lines.
Two 16-Bit Timer/Counters.
Six Interrupt Sources.
Programmable Serial Channel.
Low Power Idle and Power Down Modes.

LCD
Features:
5 x 8 dots with cursor
Built-in controller .
+ 5V power supply (Also available for + 3V)
1/16 duty cycle
N.V. optional for + 3V power supply



Cont
Pin diagram of LCD
LDR
Two Cadmium Sulphide photo conductive cell with
spectral responses similar to that of the human eye. The
cell resistance fall with increasing light intensity.
Application include smoke detection, automatic lightning
control, batch counting and burglar alarm systems.
Features:-
Wide spectral response.
Low cost.
Wide ambient temperature range.

Structure of LDR
Working of LDR
Cont
When the light level is low the resistance of the LDR is
high. This prevents current from flowing to the base of the
transistors. Consequently the LED does not light.
However, when light shines onto the LDR its resistance
falls and current flows into the base of the first transistor
and then the second transistor. The LED lights.
The preset resistor can be turned up or down to increase or
decrease resistance, in this way it can make the circuit
more or less sensitive

Applications
In Seminar halls.
Car parking system
To save energy
In controlling home appliances
Security purpose.

Advantages
An advantage of light sensor is that energy is being
saved by the light in whatever situation because they
will only turned on when light is sensed.
Easy to fabricate.
Economical.
Durable.

Conclusion
During the course of work we have learnt about
various components which are used in this project.
interfacing of microcontroller with the LDR, software
coding.
Last but not the least we have also developed a sense
team work, feeling of cooperation and communication
with faculty members and our classmates.


Reference
MUHAMMAD ALI MAZIDI & JANICE GILLISPIE
MAZIDI - The 8051 Microcontroller & Embedded Systems,
Second Edition
http://www.datasheetarchive.com/IN4007%20diode-
datasheet.html
http://www.8051projects.info/projects.asp
https://www.bluetooth.org/apps/content
Thank you
Queries????