Introduction to

Integrated Reservoir Studies

Integrated Reservoir Studies
Essential elements
Integration of people, data, technology
and tools
Multi-disciplinary team of
geophysicists, geologists,
petrophysicists and engineers
Objectives and process independent of
individual disciplines

Integration
Technology
Seismic
Geologic
Geostatistics
Engineering
Drilling and
completions
Enhanced oil
recovery
Environmental
Computer
Data
Geological
Geophysical
Engineering
Financial
People
Management
Geoscientists
Engineers
Land/legal
Field
Financial
Tools
Seismic interpretation
Tomography
Data acquisition
Logging/coring
Completions and
facilities
Geologic modeling
Pressure transient
Fracturing
Reservoir simulators
Enhanced oil recovery
Computer software and
hardware
Integration
Objectives and Process
Objectives and process independent of
individual disciplines
All team members have input
Performing a geological study" is not an
objective of an integrated reservoir study
Determine if and where we should drill a
step-out well is a valid objective
Reasons for Conducting
Integrated Reservoir Studies
Identify potential for infill drilling

Recognize bypassed hydrocarbons

Improve recovery efficiency
Outcome of
Integrated Reservoir Studies

Optimum reservoir development plan
Maximized value of asset
Classical vs Integrated Reservoir
Study Approaches
Disciplines work
separately
Linear workflow
Cross-disciplinary
teams
Iterative, nonlinear
workflow
Classical Approach
Integrated Study
Approach
Development of Team Concept
Traditionally, reservoir studies were not
integrated
Each discipline did their own thing
separately
Often used a serial approach - geophysics,
then geology, then reservoir engineering,
etc.
Development of Team Concept
Within last 20 years, value of team approach
has been recognized, although progress is
still slow
Observation: putting group together does not
guarantee integration leading to success
Need team skills and understanding of entire
process by all team members
Now, most teams assembled at key
investment times
Need ongoing multidisciplinary reservoir
management
Group Behavior
Members think they are grouped together
for administrative purposes only.
Individuals work independently,
sometimes at cross purposes.
Members tend to focus on themselves
because they are not sufficiently involved
in planning the units objectives.
They approach their job simply as hired
hands.
Team Behavior
Members recognize their interdependence
and understand both personal and team
goals are best accomplished with mutual
support.
Time is not wasted struggling over
territory or seeking personal gain at the
expense of others.
Members feel a sense of ownership for
their jobs and unit because they are
committed to goals they helped to
establish.
Advantages of Team Approach
Synergy
Work more effectively and efficiently as
team than as group of individuals
Whole is greater than the sum of its
parts
Disadvantage of Team Approach
Fewer ideas generated by groups than
individuals working alone
Teams may be productive, but may lack
creativity
To stimulate creativity
Brainstorming sessions
Cross-fertilization by rearranging teams
occasionally
Stages in Team Development
Forming: Getting to know each other
Storming: Team members disagree over how to
proceed
Members can lose sight of goals
Norming: Members set standards for team
productivity
Performing: Team is productive; members
understand
What each member can contribute
How the team works best
Team Approach Can Be
Enhanced By
Facilitating communication
Meet periodically
Interdisciplinary cooperation in teaching each
others functional objectives
Building trust and mutual respect
Each member learning to be good teacher
Developing some knowledge of other disciplines
Engineer: rock characteristics & depositional
environments
Geologist: well completions and fluid
characteristics

Team Approach Can Be Enhanced
By
Members subordinating ambitions and
egos to goals of team
Working as basketball team, not relay
team
Maintaining high level of technical
competence

DATA
MANAGEMENT
RESERVOIR
CHARACTERIZATION
STATIC
MODEL
DYNAMIC
MODEL
Integrated Reservoir Study
Data Flows
Work Flows
Initial
Project
Database
Validated
Project
Database
Data
DATA MANAGEMENT
Integrated Reservoir Study
RESERVOIR CHARACTERIZATION
Petrophysical Results -
Interpreted Logs & Marker Picks
Regional
Geological
Model
Structural
Model
Depositional
Model
Pore
Systems
Model
Interpreted
Geophysical
Model
Statistical
Model of
Production &
Pressure Data
Integrated Reservoir Study
STATIC MODEL
PVT/Fluid
Saturations
Model
Basic Engineering Results
PTA, PDA, MBA
Reservoir
Flow
Units
Property
Distributions
Model
Static
Reservoir
Model
Integrated Reservoir Study
DYNAMIC MODEL
Well/Facilities
Model
Near Wellbore
Performance Models
Upscaled
Reservoir
Model
Preliminary
Dynamic
Model
Calibrated
Dynamic
Model
Projected
Reservoir
Performance
Field
Economic
Model
Optimized
Reservoir
Development
Plan
Integrated Reservoir Study
Components of an Integrated Reservoir Study
Reservoir Characterization
Structure
Facies
Petrology/
Diagenesis/
Geochemisty/
Petrophysics
Structural Geologist
Geophysicist
Sedimentologist
Seismic/Sequence
Stratigrapher
Petrologist
Petrophysicist
Geochemist
Structure maps of layer/
reservoir surfaces
Faults/fault plane maps
Reservoir limits
Depositional model
Reservoir limits
Pore-system properties
Rock/fluid interaction
Entire
Reservoir
Pore
System
D
e
c
r
e
a
s
i
n
g

s
c
a
l
e

Specialist Product Task
Components of an Integrated Reservoir Study
Static Model
(Model of Reservoir at Time of Discovery)
Fluid Properties/
Saturations
Flow Units
Deterministic vs
Stochastic Models
3D Distribution
of Properties
Between Data
Modeling
Define Layers with
Similar Flow Properties
Volume Model of
Reservoir Properties
Static Engineering
Properties
Reservoir
Engineer
Geologist/
Petrophysicist
Geologist/
Engineer
Geologist/
Engineer
Specialist Product Task
Components of an Integrated Reservoir Study
Dynamic Model
Upscaling/
Simulation Model
Calibrate Model
Economics/Risk
Forecasting/
Optimization
Calibrated Model of
Wells, Facilities
Economic Model
of Field
Optimum Reservoir
Development Plan
Adjust to Reservoir
Simulator Scale
Geologist/
Engineer
Geologist/
Engineer
Engineer
Engineer
Specialist Product Task
Stages In The Generation of
An Integrated Geological Reservoir Model
Log Analysis
Well Test Analysis
Core Analysis
Regional Geologic
Framework
Depositional
Model
Diagenetic
Model
Integrated
Geologic Model
Applications Studies
Model Testing
And Revision
Structural
Model
Fluid
Model
(As Needed)
(As Needed)
Geologic Activities
Reserves Estimation
Simulation
Sequential Approach to
Integrated Studies
Increasing Time
G
0
G
1
G
n

R
0

P
0

R
1

P
1

R
n

P
n

S
n

G = Geologic model
R = Reservoir model
P = Production/ drilling
surface facility model
S = Simulation model
0,1,n = generation
Decisions
Parallel Approach to
Integrated Studies
S
0

Decisions Decisions Decisions
Increasing time
G = Geologic model
R = Reservoir model
P = Production/ drilling
surface facility model
S = Simulation model
0,1,n = Generation
S
1
S
n

G
0
G
1
G
n

R
0
P
0
R
1
P
1
R
n
P
n

Workflow for Field Development Plan
Project
Management
FIELD
DEVELOPMENT
PLAN
Dynamic
Model
Economics
& Risks
Geophysical
Study
Geological
Model
Well
Design
Geological
Study
Petrophysical
Study
Facility
Design
Completion
Design
Geomechanical
Study
Production
Engineering