INTRODUCTION

AC motor is more simple and much

greater capability than DC motor in the
same physical condition
Rugged/heavy duty
Less maintenance no brushes
difficult to
control.??????
TYPES OF AC MOTOR
Depends on the type of rotor used :

1. The induction motor - speed slightly
slower than the supply frequency
2. The synchronous motor - rotates
exactly at the supply frequency
General
The induction machine is used as the most
common motors in different applications. It is
the workhorse of industry.
It has a stator and a rotor like other type of
motors.
2 different type of rotors:
1. Squirrel-cage winding,
2. Wound-rotor (special characteristics)
Majority of the motors used by industry are
squirrel-cage induction motors.

Induction motor components
Induction motor Construction

A typical motor consists
of two parts:
1-An outside stationary
stator having coils
supplied with AC current
to produce a rotating
magnetic field, (STATOR)

2-An inside rotor attached
to the output shaft that is
given a torque by the
rotating field (ROTOR)
Rotor is from laminated iron core with slots.
Metal (Aluminum) bars are molded in the slots
instead of a winding.
Two rings short circuits the bars.
One or 2 fans are attached to the shaft in the sides
of rotor to cool the circuit

Stator Rotor
Consists of copper bars, which are pushed into the slots
in body of the rotor.
The ends are welded to copper end rings, so that all the
bars are short circuited.
Most common
Rotor
Two-types of rotor windings:
1) Squirrel-cage windings (most common)
Rotor
2). Wound Rotor
It is usually for large 3 phase induction motors.
Rotor has a winding the same as stator and the end of each
phase is connected to a slip ring.
Expensive and require maintenance of the slip rings and brushes,
Was the standard form for variable speed control before the
advent of motor
Stator construction
Coils are placed in the slots to form a three or
single phase winding.
Single phase induction motor
Single phase induction motors generally have a construction similar to
that of a three phase motor: an ac windings is placed on the stator,
short-circuited conductors are placed in a cylindrical rotor. The
significant difference is, of-course, that there is only a single phase
supply to the stator.
PRINCIPLES OPERATION OF
INDUCTION MOTOR
Rotor
bars(cage)
All the following events take place simultaneously:

1. A voltage E = BLV is induced in each conductor
while it is being cut by the flux (Faradays Law)
2. The induced voltage produces currents which
circulate in a loop around the conductors (through
the bars).
3. Since the current-carrying conductors lie in a
magnetic field, they experience a mechanical force
(Lorentz force).
4. The force always acts in a direction to drag the
conductor along with the magnetic field.
Now close the ladder upon itself to form a squirrel
cage, and place it in a rotating magnetic field you
have an induction motor!
As the motor starting from rest, it will gain speed.
Motor accelerates and try to catch the synchronous
speed.
Imagine ..!!!
If the motor suddenly rotates at the same speed of
synchronous speed, what would happen?
Therell be no flux cutting, hence no induced voltage
(current). So no force experienced by the rotor bars.
The rotor accelerates until the magnitude of induced
rotor current and torque balances the applied load. Since
rotation at synchronous speed would result in no induced
rotor current, an induction motor always operates slower
than synchronous speed SLIP.
Consider a simple stator with 6 salient poles (2 poles per
phase) - windings AN, BN, CN.
The windings are mechanically spaced at 120 from each
other.
The windings are connected to a 3- phase source.
AC currents i
a
, i
b
and i
c
will flow in the windings, but will
be displaced in time by 120.
Each winding produces its own MMF, which creates a
flux across the hollow interior of the stator
The 3 fluxes combine to produce a magnetic field that
rotates at the same frequency as the supply.
Such a magnetic flux produced by balanced three phase
currents flowing in thee-phase windings is called a
rotating magnetic flux(RMF). RMF rotates with a
constant speed (Synchronous Speed).

.
.

The synchronous speed of an AC motor is the rotation
rate of the rotating magnetic field created by the
stator.



where f is the frequency of the AC supply current in Hz
and p is the number of magnetic pole pairs per phase.

This shows, speed of induction motor is controlled
mainly by source frequency.
Synchronous speed, N
S
Slip in an Induction Motor
The slip s is defined as 'the difference between
synchronous speed and operating speed, at the
same frequency, expressed in rpm or in percent
or ratio of synchronous speed'
X100%
where n
s
is stator electrical speed,
n
r
is rotor mechanical speed
Slip in an Induction Motor
The slip s is defined as 'the difference between synchronous
speed and operating speed, at the same frequency, expressed in
rpm or in percent or ratio of synchronous speed'