Street Lighting With LEDs

Prepared By:
Wright Engineering Corporation
165 E. Chilton Drive
Chandler, AZ 85225
PH:480-497-5829
Presented By:
R. Scott Wright, P.E., LC
Who am I?

Wright Engineering:
26 years in outdoor and roadway lighting
design

R. Scott Wright , P.E.,LC
Lighting Certified through NCQLP, AZ IESNA Section Vice President,
IES Streets & Area Lighting Committee, and AZ instructor for
Fundamentals of Lighting Outdoor Lighting course. 17 years Outdoor
Lighting Design Experience.
What are some good uses for
LED Lighting Outdoors?

Parking Lot Lighting
Accent & Decorative Lighting
Pathway Lighting
Street & Area Lighting
Important issues to consider when
using LED Roadway Lighting

Cost
Quality
Performance

Public Opinion
Longevity
Maintenance
Cost
Why LED Roadway Lighting?
Energy Savings?
Historically in the attempt to reduce the power consumption in street and area
lighting, alternative light sources have been proposed to use less energy. It is
important to recognize that less energy may also translate to less light.
Maintenance Savings?
Federal or State Grants?
Improved Illumination?

Cost
Compare your Alternatives
Metal Halide (Decorative Areas)
-(Good Color Rendering, Shorter Life)

HPS
-(Poor Color Rendering, Longer Life)

LED
-(Good Color Rendering, Longer Life)
-(Dont Want Too Blue)

Cost
Compare your Alternatives
Lamp Type
Lamp
Wattage
(watts)
Line
Wattage
(watts)
Lamp Life
(hrs)
Lamp Life
(years)
[maintenance
cycle]
Fixture
Cost
Maintenance
Cost (per year)
Maintenance
Cost (normalized
to the LED fixture
life)
Energy Cost
(per year)
Energy Cost
(normalized
to the LED
fixture life)
Total Cost of the
Fixture (normailized to
the LED fixture life)
100 Watt MH 100 122 12000 2.9 $175.00 $47.22 $675.00 $51.21 $732.00 $1,582.00
100 Watt HPS 100 128 24000 5.7 $150.00 $23.61 $337.50 $53.73 $768.00 $1,255.50
95 Watt LED 95 95 60000 14.3 $617.00 $9.44 $135.00 $39.88 $570.00 $1,322.00
LED Energy Savings in Comparison to:
Usage 11.5 hrs/night 100 Watt MH 22.1%
4197.5 Hrs/year 100 Watt HPS 25.8%
Return on Investment for LED Fixture:
Maintenance Cost $135.00 100 Watt MH 4.5 years
Electricity Cost $0.10 per kW/hr 100 Watt HPS 6.0 years
-The above comparison shows typical lamp data for a 100 Watt MH lamp, a 100 Watt HPS lamp and an 95 Watt LED
light source.
-The LED fixture has a higher initial cost, however the savings come from the savings in maintenance and the savings
in energy costs.
-The LED fixture starts saving money over the metal halide fixture after 4.5 years.
-The LED fixture starts saving money over the high pressure soduim fixture after
6.0 years.
Quality
Proper Heat Sink








In order to maintain proper LED junction temperature in Arizona ambient
temperatures, a sufficient heat sink should be integrated to the luminaire
Quality
IP Rated?
(Ingress Protection)



Most Commonly IP 65 or IP 66 Rated
Quality
Appearance of Quality
Will drivers be easily maintainable

Will LEDs be easily replaceable

Will cleaning or other maintenance
be easily performed

Quality
DOE SSL Checklist (unofficial):
INPUT/OUTPUT:
What are the delivered lumens?
What is the real input power?
Do you have LM-79 photometric reports and IES files from an independent testing lab?
COLOR:
What is the CRI at each color temperature?
How do you ensure color consistency among fixtures built today or a year from now? Over the life of a
product?
Does the thermal management system keep the LED junction temperature below specified maximums in
all applications?
May I see at least two samples of the same CCT?
Were your chromaticity measurements performed according to LM-79 by an independent lab?
Is there a written binning policy?
LIFE/WARRANTY:
Is there a written end of life policy? How will spares be made available? How is failure defined?
Do all system components from SSL manufacturer have a warranty and labor to fix/replace?
How long is the warranty? What exactly is covered?
Has LM-80 testing been performed by your LED or LED module manufacturer? What does it say about
lumen maintenance?
OTHER:
Is the product ENERGY STAR qualified?
Whose LEDs are being utilized?
Quality
LM-79-08 & LM-80-08
IESNA Publications

LM-79-08 Approved Method: Electrical and
Photometric Measurements of Solid-State
Lighting Products

LM-80-08 Approved Method: Measuring
Lumen Maintenance of LED Light Sources
Performance
Existing Light Levels?

Proposed Light Levels?

Does the Luminiare have an
IES formatted photometric file
(.ies)?
Performance
Make a Comparison
How do we measure Efficiency?
Delivered Lumens:
In HPS Lumens are lost inside the Luminaire but,
Reflectors are designed to optimize light output.
Good Efficiency (~90% Efficient)

In LED the lumens are delivered directly to the
target with affixed lenses or aimed optics.
Great Efficiency (~95%+ Efficient)

HPS LED
Performance
Scenario:
Generic Type II
lighting distribution
with staggered
lights on Collector
Street.
HPS vs. LED
Performance
Performance
How do we Save Energy in Street & Area Lighting?
Remember the Primary Purpose of Outdoor Lighting:
-Public Safety & Well Being

If we are going to reduce the amount of energy
consumed in lighting a space, we need to evaluate the
effect on the required Minimum Light Levels.

Issues
Public Opinion

Longevity

Maintenance
Public
Opinion
Color Temperature of the LED Light
Fixture = 2,800K - 6,500K
Warmer Color vs. Efficiency

Daylight = 5,500K
Clear Metal Halide = 4,500K
Halogen = 3,500K
HPS = 2,200K
Public
Opinion
Public
Opinion
Most People Feel Comfortable in
Most People Can See Easier in
2700K->
<-5000K
Public
Opinion
Glare
Light Control Toward Neighbors
Offensive to Drivers
Shield the LED from Observer
LED Effectively Reduce Backlight,
but Struggle With Glare
Glare is Difficult to Measure
Longevity

Define L70 (What is it?)


The L70 Lifetime represents the number of
hours where 70% or more of initial light output
(lumens) is maintained.
Longevity
When LEDs are installed in a luminaire or system, there are
many additional factors that can affect the rate of lumen
depreciation or the likelihood of catastrophic failure.

Temperature Extremes
Humidity
Moisture Incursion
Voltage or Current Fluctuations
Driver failure

In Summary, LED Luminaire life is not identical to estimated
LED life.

(2009 Study by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory - www.ssl.energy.gov)
Longevity
Lifespan?
Example: 75,000 Hours Published

LS = 75K hours/11.5 hours per night / 365 days per year

LS = 17.87 Years
Longevity
Junction Temperature Control
Driver Lifespan
Photo Cell Lifespan
Paint Finish
Warranty
Cleaning / Maintenance Expected?
Maintenance
Easy of maintenance
Toolless Access
Quick Disconnects
Cleaning
Lens or Other Optics
Heat Sink
Maintenance
Keeping Heat Sink Fins Clean
Designed to Keep Heat Sink Operational
Dirt
Dust
Leaves
Debris
Bird Waste
Rain or Wash Down?
Maintenance
Catastrophic vs. L70 End of Life

Catastrophic = Easily Determined

Catastrophic = Warranty Recovery
Maintenance
How to Determine L70 End of Life?
Keep Records of Installation Dates
Take Initial Lumen Readings
Actual vs. Theoretical
Take Lumen Readings at Intervals
5, 10, 15 Years?
Sample Control Group in a Parking Lot or
Roadway
Liability if Less Than L70?
Maintenance Schedule for Replacement
Street Lighting With LEDs
Cost
Return On Investment
Quality
Heat Sink
IP Rating
DOE Quality Questions
Performance
Meets Standards?
Street Lighting With LEDs
Public Opinion
Color & Glare
Longevity
L70 & Entire Luminaire System
Maintenance
Maintenance Free?
Periodic Photometric Testing?
Questions?
Prepared By:
Wright Engineering Corporation
165 E. Chilton Drive
Chandler, AZ 85225
PH:480-497-5829
Presented By:
R. Scott Wright, P.E., LC
L70 Graph
L70 Lumen Depreciation Characteristics Summary Graph from the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
test published October 2009 www.ssl.energy.gov
Induction is a great light source for certain applications, but general street lighting is not one of
them. Because of the large Lamp size of both the Philips QL and Sylvania Icetron lamps, it is extremely
difficult to achieve the light distribution and uniformity required in street lighting.
Induction is essentially a non-progressing technology. Philips has offered the same 55, 85 and 165-watt QL
system for almost 20 years and is not expanding the line. All of their R&D and acquisition dollars are going
to Lumileds (LED). Likewise, Sylvania has done nothing significant to advance the Icetron technology.
QL lamps are not 100,000 hr lamps. Thats the rated life, which is the life, meaning that at the 100,000-hr
point, the user can expect only of the lamps to still be functioning. Some will fail much earlier, but by
100,000 hrs, you will have a 50% failure rate.
Comparing Induction lamps to LED using the L70 measurement of useful life, LED systems typically exceed
70,000 hrs to L70 with no failures. Per Philips, the QL systems reaches L70 at 60,000 hrs with a 10% failure
rate.
From an efficacy standpoint, Induction can produce up to 70-90 lumens per watt, whereas commercially
available LEDs already exceed 130 lumens per watt. Per the above point, Induction is not going to get any
better, whereas LED efficacy continues to steadily improve. Cree already has diodes in the lab that exceed
200 lumens per watt, which you can expect to be commercially available within 2-3 years.
In terms of lumen depreciation, Induction loses almost 10% of its output in the first 5,000 hours.
Due to its reduced lumen output, promoters of Induction or even Bad LED technology have pushed that
because it is a White light source, less lighting can be used than that where HPS is used. This research
has been actively reviewed and is not, as of yet, been adopted by the IES and may not be in the near future
for Roadway Lighting.
Induction vs LED vs HPS vs Metal Halide (discuss efficacy, life, etc)
Philips HPS Non-cycling lamp now offers 30,000 hours at a 65% survival rate with 85% lumen
maintenance (at 5,000 hours LM is at 96%, 20k @ 87%)
Philips QL Induction at 30,000 hours gives a 97% survival rate with 81% lumen maintenance
(at 5,000 hours LM is at 87%, 20k @ 83%)
HPS has superior characteristics in initial lumens and maintained lumens
HPS efficacy for standard 100W 250W ranges from 70lm/watt to 90lm/watt
Induction efficacy ranges from 65lm/watt 75lm/watt
Keep in mind that these efficacies do not take luminaire efficiency into account
Induction does not save energy over traditional HPS
Spacing and light levels for municipal street lighting has always been based on HPS light
source installing induction with same spacing criteria gives lower light levels - what is the
liability of doing this?
Induction is a fluorescent electrodeless source (no electrode gives long life)
Conventional fluorescent current is supplied to gas discharge through glowing electrodes
Induction supplies current to gas discharge through HF emag field
Lamp contains Amalgam (Mercury Metal Mixture)
Who is making the induction generators and lamps Chinese components dont last and the
companies typically go out of business and unable to honor warranties or provide replacement
parts
High Frequency generator & lamp heat dissipation