VARIOUS CONCEPTS

OF TEACHING
 Objecti

ves:
 define various concepts of teaching.
 understand the important facets of
teaching
 identify the 8 Ms of teaching
 appreciate the importance of teaching
 TEACHING CONCEPTS

A. Teaching is a complex Human Activity

It is because teaching involves a wide

range of human interactions ,
organizational arrangements and material
resources that converge on the teaching -
learning process .
Varied activities inherent in teaching
( definition by Garcia ).

1.Human inter actions.

Teaching is considered a system of

actions varied in form and in content
but directed toward learning . Actions
and interactions are personal but they
are also logical in that they have a
certain structure , it does so in
accordance with operations that
reflects the very nature of a
teaching - learning situation .
The logical operations involve three variables
such as:
v
vthe teacher ’ s
behavior ( IV )
vthe learner ’ s
behavior ( DV );
and
vvarious
postulated such
 Independent variables in the , teacher ’ s behavior
as memories
consist
 of Linguistic Behavior
beliefs , ,Expressive
needs , behavior a
 Reformatory behavior :
interferences ,


 Linguistic Behaviorwhich are

- otherwise known as verba

intervening
communication where by teachers verbalize
their variables .
 thoughts through language that is character
 by spontaneity , precision , and naturalness ,
Expressive behavior – patterns of communicati
 achieved through changes in the tone of voi
facial
 expressions , and kinesis - motions of the han
arms ,
 eyes , head , or other parts of the body .
 Performatory behavior includes all
physical activities such as :
a) writing on the
blackboard ;
b) operating
projectors and
record
players ;
c) manipulating
models ; an
d ) using laboratory
equipment
 2 . Organizational Arrangements. tools ,
Teachingmachines
is an , computers
activity ,
with four phases :
and other


 a . curriculum planning phase ;

instructional
 materials .
- helping to formulate the goals of education
 selecting content and stating objectives
 b . an instructing phase ;
 - creating intentions regarding instructional
 strategies and tactics , interacting and a
 on situational feed back about instruction ;
 c . a measuring phase
 - selecting or creating measurement devices ,
 measuring , learning , organizing and analyzi
 measurement data ; and

 d . evaluating phase
- an evaluating measurement evaluating
the appropriateness of
objectives of instruction and
the validity and reliability of the
devices used to
measure learning ( john Hough , 1970 ).

3. Material resources.
 The process of teaching includes:


 a. the selection and development of instructional

 units;
 b. individual lessons;
 c. organizing material for instructional purposes;
 d. designing the methods to be used;
 classroom management;
 e. valuation of pupils’ achievements; and
 g. reporting of pupils’ grades(B.J. Chandler and
 Daniel Powell, 1970)

B. Teaching is both a Science and Art

Teaching involves imparting a body of systematized

knowledge. More than a science,
teaching is also an art.

Science Art

1. Teaching as an art is
1.Teaching as a science is more suited to satisfy
primarily directed to the soul.
inform the head.
The knowledge and skill Therefore, teaching
they will acquire are as an art
indispensable to their presupposes the
everyday living especially need for the
in decision-making and in learner to
solving crucial problems. appreciate and
improve on whatever
knowledge he has
gained and skills
he has acquired.
 
2 . The second difference presents a more in - depth
perspective .
Teaching
Teaching
 as a science views the Øas an art goes
teacher as an beyond the
academician as well as prescribed level of
a craftsman . instruction .
 Ø
As a n academician , he is Øteachers ’ artistry
pictured to be discipline , comes in when they
organize , systematic in consider the varying
his teaching . As such he mixture of these
is expected to : young people and
a ) have a mastery of the through processes
subject that are basically
matter ; intuitive build up
b ) organize it well in a meaningful programs
form that is of study for them .
comprehensible
As a craftsman , to
he his
has a
Ø
learners . Øas an art looks at
repertoire of teaching teaching as a
methods and is quite dynamic and
skillful in their use . imaginative process .
- is a science regards Ø
teaching as mechanical Øas an art is
and reutilize in order destine to comes out
to make it more with something novel
systematic and more or innovative .
systematic and more
efficient .
 C. The TEACHING
Teaching
System
•stimulatin
Learning
activities
g
•guiding
•directing develops
Through •managing
the into
process of •evaluating
•facilitati
ng
•counseling

• Well - adjusted citize

• With wholesome
• personality
by the more mature • Imbued with :
and experienced • Love of country ;
member of society • The duties of
( the teacher )
citizenship
• Moral character
• Personal discipline
• Scientific ,
technological
• vocational efficienc
The young immature
learner
D. teaching is the most exalted Forms of social Service


Gregorio (1976) states that the classroom is a society



made up of teachers and learners working together for

the purpose of human growth and betterment.


Teaching is guided by the spirit of service. People look



at service as the beginning and end of the teaching

profession.


It is the beginning because service is the guiding,



stabilizing, and directing profession. Service can

build the organization or destroy, it can give life,
honor and beauty or it can bring disappointments and
dishonor.


It is an end because service is the ultimate goal of the



teaching profession. the success of any professional

organization is measured by the services they have
rendered in the community and the nation.
 learning learning
process outcome

MIND
No Int ellect /
Will
NVIRONMEN
Yes
“Personal Meaning?”

SENSES Idea
Change
Stimulus Respose in l
StStimulus
im ulus Respose
Response Pers
Behavior
on
Instinctive Route

Knowledge Purposeful
Skills Permanent
Attitudes Progressive
Values