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Comparacin de las molculas Anti VEGF usadas en

el tratamiento de la DMRE de tipo hmeda.


Revisin de los agentes anti-VEGF para el
tratamiento de la DMRE de tipo hmeda
3
Ranibizumab Bevacizumab Aflibercept
a
Compaia Genentech / Novartis Genentech / Roche Regeneron / Bayer
MOA / clase
Fragmento de anticuerpo Anti-
VEGF-A
(Se une a todas las isoformas
VEGF-A)
1

Anticuerpo completo Anti-
VEGF-A
(Se une a todas las isoformas
VEGF-A)
3
Proteina de fusion
recombinante Anti-VEGF-A /
PIGF / VEGF-B (Se une a
todas las isoformas VEGF-A,
VEGF-B, and PIGF)
4
Peso Molecular 48 kDa
2
149 kDa
3
97-115 kDa
4
Estructura
El VEGF-A se ha establecido como la mlecula objetivo para
establecer la terapia de la DMRE de tipo hmeda.
Ig, immunoglobulin; MOA, mode of action; PIGF, placental growth factor. 1. Novartis. Lucentis European SmPC. 2012;
2. www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/EPAR_-_Scientific_Discussion/human/000715/WC500043550.pdf;
3. Genentech. Avastin prescribing information. 2011; 4. Regeneron. EYLEA prescribing information. 2011
a
Aflibercept contains the Ig domain 2 of VEGF receptor-1 fused to the Ig domain 3 of VEGF receptor-2, which is fused to IgG1 Fc
4
Caracteristicas farmacologicas de las terapias anti-VEGF para el
tratamiento de la DMRE de tipo hmedo
Ranibizumab Bevacizumab Aflibercept
Formulacin /
administracin
Inyeccin intravitrea de un vial de
uso unico
1
Indicaciones autorizadas:
Infusion intravenosa de un vial
de dosis unica
5

Inyeccin intravitrea de un vial
de uso nico
7
Vida media en el ojo
del conejo
2.88 dias
2
4.32 dias
6
4.79 dias
8
Vida media de
eliminacin sistmica
~2 horas
3
20 dias
5
5-6 dias
9
Potencia inhibitoria
(IC
50
)
a
0.060 nM
4
0.668 nM
4
0.068 nM
4, b
a
Inhibition of VEGF-induced bovine retinal microvascular endothelial cell proliferation;
b
cloned VEGF-TrapR1R2 was assessed rather than purchased aflibercept (VEGF-TrapR1R2). IC
50
, half-
maximum minimum inhibitory concentration. 1. Novartis. Lucentis European SmPC. 2012; 2. Bakri et al. Ophthalmology 2007; 114: 2179-2182;
3. www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/EPAR_-_Scientific_Discussion/human/000715/WC500043550.pdf; 4. Yu et al. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 408: 276-281; 5.
Genentech. Avastin prescribing information. 2011; 6. Bakri et al. Ophthalmology 2007; 114: 855-859; 7. Regeneron. EYLEA prescribing information. 2011; 8. Stewart . Eye Rep 2011; 1: e5;
9. http://www.fda.gov/downloads/AdvisoryCommittees/CommitteesMeetingMaterials/Drugs/DermatologicandOphthalmicDrugsAdvisoryCommittee/UCM259143.pdf, accessed July 30, 2012
5
Indicaciones aprobadas para las terapias anti-VEGF
Indicacin Ranibizumab Bevacizumab Aflibercept
DMRE de tipo
hmedo
Aprobado EU 2007
Aprobado US 2006
a
No aprobado en
EU o US
Aprobado en Us
b
Aprobado en EU
Alteracin visual
secundaria a DME
Aprobado EU 2011
a

Aprobado US 2012
No aprobado en
EU o US
No aprobado en
EU o US
Alteracin visual
debido a edema
macular secundario
a RVO
Aprobado EU 2011
a

Aprobado US 2010
No aprobado en
EU o US
Aprobado en US 2012
Otros Ninguno
CA colorectal metstasico
NSCLC
Glioblastoma
CA de rion metastsico
CA de ovario
Cancer colorectal
metastsico
a
Also approved in multiple other countries;
b
also approved in Australia
DME, diabetic macular edema; NSCLC, non-small-cell lung cancer; retinal vein occlusion

6
Ranibizumab (Lucentis; Genentech/Novartis):
Especficamente diseado para el ojo
Fab, fragment, antigen binding; Fc, fragment, crystallizable
1. Ferrara et al. Retina 2006; 26: 859-870; 2. Mordenti et al. Toxicol Pathol 1999; 27: 536-544;
3. www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/EPAR_-_Scientific_Discussion/human/000715/WC500043550.pdf;
4. Kim et al. Mol Vision 2009; 15: 2803-2812; 5. Chen et al. J Mol Biol 1999; 293: 865-881
Ranibizumab: Es un fragmento Fab diseado para:

Incrementar la penetracin; penetra mas fcil todas las capas de la
retina que un anticuerpo de tamao completo
1,2
Producido por un sistema de expresin mediante E. coli (no
glicosilado)
Reduce potentialmente las causas de inflamacin ocular por
activacin de complemento o mediado por clulas.
Permanece en el ojo y reduce la exposicin sistemica
3
El receptor neonatal Fc puede activamente eliminar molculas
con una porcin Fc del ojo hacia la circulacin coroidea.
4
Rpida eliminacin sistmica (No hay recirculacin mediada por Fc)
Diseado para penetrar rpidamente la retina y unirse con alta afinidad a
todas las isoformas VEGF-A para una ptima actividad biolgica
5
7
Bevacizumab (Avastin; Genentech/Roche):
desarrollado para uso oncolgico
Bevacizumab es un anticuperpo Ig G monoclonal
recombinante humanizado de tamao completo (3 x
tamao del ranibizumab)
1,2
Incluye las regiones Fc y Fab
Sistema de expresin ovarica en hamster chinos (molcula
glicosilada)
Mayor vida media en vitreo y en suero que el ranibizumab
Vida media en el ojo del conejo: 4.32 dias
3
vs 2.88 dias con
ranibizumab
3
Vida media de eliminacin sistmica: 20 das
4
vs ~2 horas con
ranibizumab
5
La porcin Fc podria iniciar la activacin del sistema inmune
Fab, fragment, antigen binding; Fc, fragment, crystallizable; Ig, immunoglobulin. 1. Van Wijngaarden and Qureshi. Clin Exp Optom 2008; 91: 427-437;
2. Hoffman-La Roche. Avastin SmPC. 2009; 3. Bakri et al. Ophthalmology 2007; 114: 2179-2182; 4. Genentech. Avastin prescribing information. 2011;
5. www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/EPAR_-_Scientific_Discussion/human/000715/WC500043550.pdf
8
Aflibercept (Eylea; Regeneron/Bayer):
inicialmente desarrollado para oncologa y uso oftlmico
Fc, fragment, crystallizable
1. Regeneron. EYLEA prescribing information. 2011
Aflibercept es una protena de fusin recombinante

Incluye la porcin Fc
Producido de manera recombinante en celulas de ovario de
hamster Chino (molcula glicosilada)
Se une con alta afinidad a todas las isoformas de VEGF-A, VEGF-
B, y PIGF
1
Aprbado para el tratamiento de el cancer colorectal metstasico
en US
Re-formulado para uso ocular
9
El receptor Fc activamente elimina desde el ojo los anticuerpos de
cadena completa hacia la circulacin sistmica
Receptor Fc
(Sobreexpresado
en DMRE hmeda)
Unin Fc
Transporte a la
circulacin sistmica
Barrera
hematoretinal
Ojo Sangre
Efectos
sistmicos
Ranibizumab
(Fragmento Fab)
No hay unin
Fc
Fab, fragment, antigen binding; Fc, fragment, crystallizable
Kim et al. Mol Vision 2009; 15: 2803-2812
Porcin Fc
Porcin Fab
Anticuerpo de
cadena completa
10
Reduccin de los niveles plasmticos de VEGF 28 das despus
de inyectar bevacizumab
Data in figure reproduced with permission from Table 1 in Carneiro et al. Acta Ophthalmol 2012; 90: e25-e30 (publisher: Wiley)
Niveles de VEGF plasmticos en 43 pacientes con DMRE hmeda que fueron evaluados
antes y a los 28 das, luego de tres inyecciones intravitreas mensuales de ranibizumab o
bevacizumab y comparados con 19 pacientes de control.
Al ms 4 (28 das despus de la tercera inyeccin), la media de los niveles plasmticos
de VEGF fuern significativamente reducidos en pacientes tratados con bevacizumab.
Estos hallazgos indican las diferencias en seguridad sistmica entre la molecula de
ranibizumab y bevacizumab
50
0
100
150
200
250
N
i
v
e
l

p
l
a
s
m

t
i
c
o

V
E
G
F

(
p
g
/
m
L
)

Bevacizumab Ranibizumab
189.72
109.97
191.36 189.97
p=0.198 p=0.0002
180.97
Basal
Da 28
Control
11
IVAN: Reduccin significativa en VEGF srico con Bevacizumab
pero no con ranibizumab al ao de seguimiento.
CI, confidence interval
IVAN study investigators. Ophthalmology 2012; 119: 1399-1411
0
40
80
120
160
200
P
r
o
m
e
d
i
o

G
e
o
m

t
r
i
c
o

V
E
G
F

Basal
12 meses
Ranibizumab Bevacizumab
Radio Medio Geomtrico (bevacizumab:ranibizumab)
0.47 (95% CI 0.41, 0.54), p<0.001
12
Inhibicin de VEGF sistmico luego de aplicar Bevacizumab
intravtreo
1. Matsuyama et al. Br J Ophthalmol 2010; 94: 1215-1218; 2. Loupakis et al. J Clin Oncol 2007; 25: 1816-1818
This figure has been reproduced with permission from the BMJ Group Ltd
En 11 pacientes con retinopatia diabetica, tratados con bevacizumab intravitreo disminuyo
significativamente los niveles plsmaticos de VEGF
1

Una sola inyeccin de 1.25 mg redujo significativamente los niveles plasmticos de VEGF desde el
primer da hasta el da 30 (114 pg/mL antes del tratamiento a 25 pg/mL al da 30)
Esta reduccin en los niveles plasmticos de VEGF es comparable con la encontrada en la aplicacin
intravenosa de bevacizumab en pacientes con cancer (157 pg/mL a 45 pg/mL al dia 14)
2
0
100
200
300
C
o
n
c
e
n
t
r
a
c
i
o
n
e
s

d
e

V
E
G
F

I
n
m
u
n
o
r
e
a
c
t
i
v
o

(
p
g
/
m
L
)

Antes Dia 1 Semana1 Mes 1
Concentracin individual
de VEGF
Promedio de la
concentracin de VEGF
p<0.001
13
USP Cpitulo 789 limite para los productos oftalmologicos:
mximo de f 50 particulas de 10 m permitido en un
volumen de 1 mL
1
USP Cpitulo 788 limite para medicamentos intravenosos:
mximo de 3000 particulas de 10 m per vial
2
Irritacin e inflamacin si son aplicadas en el ojo
El Bevacizumab es producido para administrar intravenoso y no se
le exige que cumpla los standards para las soluciones oftlmicas
1. USP 28/NF 23, Chapter 788 Particulate Matter in Injections. Rockville, MD: United States Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc., 2005;
2. USP 28/NF 23, Chapter 789 Particulate Matter in Ophthalmic Solutions. Rockville, MD: United States Pharmacopeial Convention,
Inc., 2005; 3. Kamali et al. Data presented at ARVO, May 6-10, 2012, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
Las formulaciones de medicamentos intravenosos permiten
una alta concetracion de particulas (Mayor que las
formulaciones oftlmicas)
Los requerimientos para el conteo de particulas en las
soluciones oftalmologicas son claramente definidas por US
Pharmacopeia (USP)
Incremento significativo en la densidad de las particulas de
bevacizumab luego de 14 das de haber sido reempacado.
(p<0.03 para todas las comparaciones)
3
Estudios comparativos en DMRE hmeda:
diseo del estudio
15
CATT (USA): Diseo del estudio
Una dosis de inicio Luego PRN Control mensual
Ranibizumab
0.5 mg, mensual
300 ptesRandomized a cada
brazo del estudio
Monthly treatment
Bevacizumab
1.25 mg, PRN
Ranibizumab
0.5 mg, PRN
Bevacizumab
1.25 mg, mensual
Ranibizumab 0.5 mg
50% a PRN
50% mensual
Una dosis de inicio Luego PRN Control mensual
Primera medida 1
ao
Monthly treatment
Bevacizumab 1.25 mg
2 aos
50% a PRN
50% mensual.
Study sponsored by the National Eye Institute, USA
CATT: Comparison of Age-related Macular Degeneration Treatments Trials; mtl., monthly; PRN, pro re nata
Martin et al. Ophthalmology 2012; 119: 1388-1398
16
IVAN (UK): Diseo del estudio
Study sponsored by the Health Technology Assessment Clinical Trials program of the UK National Institute for Health Research

a
There was no upper limit to baseline VA for patients recruited to IVAN, thus patients with lesser visual impairment than in many other studies of neovascular AMD treatments were
included, potentially limiting the size of change in VA observable in this study. IVAN, a randomized controlled trial of alternative treatments to Inhibit VEGF in Age-related choroidal
Neovascularization; PRN, pro re nata; VA, visual acuity
IVAN study investigators. Ophthalmology 2012; 119: 1399-1411
3 meses de tto (carga)) luego PRN aplicando tres dosis consecutvas en caso de recaida,
seguimiento mensual.
Ranibizumab
0.5 mg, mensual
150 pacientes Randomized
a cada uno de los 4 brazos
3 meses de tto (carga), luego tto mensual, seguimiento mensual
Bevacizumab
1.25 mg, PRN
Ranibizumab
0.5 mg, PRN
Bevacizumab
1.25 mg, mensual
Ranibizumab 0.5 mg
3 meses de tto (carga)) luego PRN aplicando tres dosis consecutvas en caso de recaida,
seguimiento mensual.
3 meses de tto (carga), luego tto mensual, seguimiento mensual
Bevacizumab 1.25 mg
1 ao Primera medida 2 aos
17
CATT e IVAN son estudios de no inferioridad
Un estudio de no inferioridad se disea para mostrar que el tratamiento experimental no
es menos efectivo que el tratamiento existente por mas de una pequea cantidad
preespecificada
1
Esta cantidad es conocida como el margen de no inferioridad o
Para mostrar no inferioridad ambos tratamientos deben estar a la derecha del valor -
Mostrar no inferioridad no necesarimente significa que los tratamientos son equivalentes.
El tratamiento experimental no es significativamente peor que el tratamiento con el que
se compara.



Demuestra no
inferioridad
No demuestra no inferioridad
Diferencia de tratamiento Control mejor Nuevo agente mejor
0
CI, confidence interval
1. CHMP. Guideline on the choice of the non-inferiority margin. EMA 2005: http://www.emea.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_
library/Scientific_guideline/2009/09/WC500003636.pdf
18
Interpretacin de intervalos de confidencia en estudios head-to-
head: No inferior
A non-inferiority trial aims to demonstrate that the test product is not worse than the comparator by more than a prespecified, small
amount (the non-inferiority margin, or ) and cannot be used to demonstrate that the test product is superior to the comparator
Diferencia en el prom de letras ganadas
Nueva droga peor Nueva droga mejor
0 -5 +5
19
Interpretacion de intervalos de confidencia en estudios head-to-
head: Equivalentes
A non-inferiority trial aims to demonstrate that the test product is not worse than the comparator by more than a prespecified, small
amount (the non-inferiority margin, or ) and cannot be used to demonstrate that the test product is superior to the comparator
Diferencia en el prom de letras ganadas
Nueva droga peor Nueva droga mejor
0 -5 +5
20
Interpretacion de intervalos de confidencia en estudios head-to-
head: superior
a
A non-inferiority trial aims to demonstrate that the test product is not worse than the comparator by more than a prespecified, small
amount (the non-inferiority margin, or ) and cannot be used to demonstrate that the test product is superior to the comparator
Diferencia en el prom de letras ganadas
Nueva droga peor Nueva droga mejor
0 -5 +5
21
Interpretacin de intervalos de confidencia en estudios head-to-
head: no no-inferioridad(no concluyente)
A non-inferiority trial aims to demonstrate that the test product is not worse than the comparator by more than a prespecified, small
amount (the non-inferiority margin, or ) and cannot be used to demonstrate that the test product is superior to the comparator
Diferencia en el prom de letras ganadas
Nueva droga peor Nueva droga mejor
0 -5 +5
22
Interpretacion de intervalos de confidencia en estudios head-to-
head: inferior
A non-inferiority trial aims to demonstrate that the test product is not worse than the comparator by more than a prespecified, small
amount (the non-inferiority margin, or ) and cannot be used to demonstrate that the test product is superior to the comparator
Diferencia en el prom de letras ganadas
Nueva droga peor Nueva droga mejor
0 -5 +5
23
VIEW 1 and VIEW 2: Diseo del estudio
VIEW 1 sponsored by Regeneron; VIEW 2 sponsored by Bayer. BCVA, best-corrected visual acuity; PRN, pro re nata
http://www.fda.gov/downloads/AdvisoryCommittees/CommitteesMeetingMaterials/Drugs/DermatologicandOphthalmicDrugsAdvisory
Committee/UCM259143.pdf, accessed July 30, 2012 (study designs reproduced with permission from FDA)
a
Patients in the aflibercept 2q8 group received 2 mg every 4 weeks from baseline to Week 8 and then a sham injection every other visit
through Week 48 during the visits when an active injection was not administered
b
In Year 2, patients were assessed against retreatment criteria and only retreated if one or more criteria were met (as often as every
4 weeks and no less frequently than every 12 weeks)
Variable principal: mantenimiento de la visin
Variable secundaria: Promedio de cambio en AV
Screening y
randomizacin
Ranibizumab 0.5 mg q4 to q12
Aflibercept 2 mg q4 to q12
Aflibercept 0.5 mg q4 to q12
Ranibizumab 0.5 mg q4
Aflibercept 2 mg q4
Aflibercept 0.5 mg q4
Aflibercept 2 mg q8
a
Aflibercept 2 mg q4 to q12
Ao 1
Dosis fija / Esquema fijo
Ao 2
Dosis fija / capped PRN schedule
b

Agentes Anti-VEGF en DMRE hmeda:
revisin de la eficacia
25
ETDRS, Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study; FDA, US Food and Drug Administration; SE, standard error
Rosenfeld et al. N Engl J Med 2006; 355: 1419-1431; Brown et al. Ophthalmology 2009; 116: 57-65 reproduced from Rosenfeld et al. Ranibizumab for neovascular age-related macular
degeneration. N Engl J Med 2006; 355: 1419-1431 (Copyright 2006 Massachusetts Medical Society. Reprinted with permission from Massachusetts Medical Society) and Brown et
al. Ranibizumab versus verteporfin photodynamic therapy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration: Two-year results of the ANCHOR study. Ophthalmology 2009; 116: 57-65
(Copyright 2009 Massachusetts Medical Society. Reprinted with permission from Massachusetts Medical Society)

Luego de los resultados de los estudios ANCHOR y MARINA,
ranibizumab fue aprobado por la 2006 y en EU en 2007
MARINA ANCHOR
***p<0.001 vs sham
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
P
r
o
m

d
e

l
e
t
r
a
s

E
T
D
R
S

(


S
E
)

+7.2

+6.5

-10.4
21.4-letras de
diferencia***
20.3-letras de
diferencia***
+6.6

+5.4

-14.9
+5.1

-3.7
+5.9

Sham (n=238)
Ranibizumab 0.3 mg (n=238)
Ranibizumab 0.5 mg (n=240)
Verteporfin (n=143)
Ranibizumab 0.3 mg (n=140)
Ranibizumab 0.5 mg (n=139)
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
M
e
a
n

E
T
D
R
S

l
e
t
t
e
r
s

(


S
E
)

20.5-letras
beneficio**
+10.7
+8.1
-9.8
17.9-letras
beneficio**
+11.3
+8.5
-9.6
+10.0
+6.8
-2.5
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
26
CATT 2-ao de resultados: cambios en BCVA
Patients in the PRN group received one dose of ranibizumab at Month 0, then PRN with monthly follow-up
*p=0.01 comparison between PRN treatment regimens only. ETDRS, Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study; PRN, pro re nata; SD, standard deviation;
VA, visual acuity. Figure reprinted from Martin et al. Ranibizumab and bevacizumab for treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration: two-year
results. Ophthalmology 2012; 119: 1388-1398, Copyright 2012, with permission from Elsevier
15
13
12
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
11
14
M
e
a
n

c
h
a
n
g
e

i
n

V
A

s
c
o
r
e

f
r
o
m

b
a
s
e
l
i
n
e

(
E
T
D
R
S

l
e
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(n=146, 135, 287, 270) (n=145, 135, 285, 270) (n=134, 129, 264, 251)
Seguimiento
(semanas)
0 12 4 36 24 64 52 88 76 104
Ranibizumab mensual
Bevacizumab mensual
Ranibizumab PRN
Bevacizumab PRN
Promedio (SD) nmero
de inyecciones
Ranibizumab mensual 22.4 (3.9)
Bevacizumab
mensual
23.4 (2.8)
Ranibizumab PRN 12.6 (6.6)*
Bevacizumab PRN 14.1 (7.0)*
8.8
7.8
6.7
5.0
27
CATT 2do ao de resultados: Promedio de cambio en la AV
-3.7 -1.4 0.8
-6 -4 -2 0 2 4
En favor de ranibizumab
(n=398)
En favor de bevacizumab
(n=380)
Diferencia en el promedio de cambios en el valor de AV de la basal (ETDRS)
Diferencia de 1.4 letras en
favor de ranibizumab
ETDRS, Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study; VA, visual acuity
Figure reprinted from Martin et al. Ranibizumab and bevacizumab for treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration:
two-year results. Ophthalmology 2012; 119: 1388-1398, Copyright 2012, with permission from Elsevier
28
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
CATT 2do ao de resultados: Porcentaje de pacientes en el mismo
regimen de dosis por 2 aos sin fluido en OCT
OCT, optical coherence tomography; PRN, pro re nata
Figure reprinted from Martin et al. Ranibizumab and bevacizumab for treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration:
two-year results. Ophthalmology 2012; 119: 1388-1398, Copyright 2012, with permission from Elsevier
n=134 n=129 n=264 n=251
Ranibizumab mensual
Bevacizumab mensual
Ranibizumab PRN
Bevacizumab PRN

P
a
c
i
e
n
t
e
s

(
%
)

46%
30%
22%
14%
p=0.0003 entre las drogas(combinando los grupos mensual y prn)
p<0.0001 entre los regimen (combinando los grupos de drogas)
29
Resumen de 12 meses de los resultados de eficacia del estudio
CATT
Eficacia final

Ranibizumab
mensual
(n=284)
Bevacizumab
mensual
(n=265)
Ranibizumab
PRN
(n=285)
Bevacizumab
PRN
(n=271)
p-value
a
Cambio promedio en la AV al
mes 12 vs basal, letras
8.5 (14.1) 8.0 (15.8) 6.8 (13.1) 5.9 (15.7) ns
Promedio de inyecciones 11.7 (1.5) 11.9 (1.2) 6.9 (3.0) 7.7 (3.5) <0.001
15-letras de ganancia en AV,
%
34.2 31.3 24.9 28.0 ns
Promedio de cambio total en el
grosor foveal, m
-196 (176) -164 (181) -168 (186) -152 (178) 0.03
Ausencia de escape en el AGF,
%
58.8 57.7 46.7 41.0 <0.001
Promedio de cambio en el area
de la lesion
0.0 (2.1) 0.1 (1.9) 0.2 (2.5) 0.5 (2.6) 0.047
a
p-values are for the test of the hypothesis of equality among the four study groups
ns, not significant; PRN, pro re nata; SD, standard deviation
Data from The CATT Research Group. Ranibizumab and bevacizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. N Engl J Med 2011;
364: 1897-1908. Copyright 2011 Massachusetts Medical Society. Reprinted with permission from Massachusetts Medical Society
30
Resumen de 24 meses de resultado de eficacia del CATT
Eficacia final
Ranibizumab
mensual
(n=134)
Bevacizumab
mensual
(n=29)
Ranibizumab
PRN
(n=264)
Bevacizumab
PRN
(n=251)
p-value
Cambio promedio en la
agudeza visual al mes 24 vs la
basal, letras
8.8 (15.9) 7.8 (15.5) 6.7 (14.6) 5.0 (17.9)
0.21
a
0.046
b
Promedio de inyecciones 22.4 (3.9) 23.4 (2.8) 12.6 (6.6) 14.1 (7.0) 0.01
c
Ganancia de 15-letter en la
agudeza visual, %
32.8 31.8 30.7 28.3
Promedio del cambio en el
grosor foveal total, m
-190 (172) -180 (196) -166 (190) -153 (189)
0.38
a

0.08
b
Pacientes sin fluido en OCT, %

45.5 30.2 22.3 13.9
0.0003
a

<0.0001
b
a
p-value for the comparison between ranibizumab and bevacizumab;
b
p-value for the comparison between monthly and PRN regimens;
c
comparison
between PRN regimens only. OCT, optical coherence tomography; PRN, pro re nata. Data from The CATT Research Group. Ranibizumab and
bevacizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. N Engl J Med 2011; 364: 1897-1908. Copyright 2011 Massachusetts Medical
Society. Reprinted with permission from Massachusetts Medical Society
31
IVAN 1 ao de resultados: bevacizumab fallo en demostrar
no inferioridad vs ranibizumab en mejorar BCVA
Differences estimated using data from Visits 0, 3, 6, and 12, adjusted for center size. Circles indicate the mean difference
and the bars 95% CIs. Negative values reflect a greater mean VA at 1 year in the ranibizumab group
Ranibizumab vs
bevacizumab
MD -1.99
(95% CI -4.04, 0.06;
p=0.056)
-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
Favor ranibizumab Favor bevacizumab
Nmero de
inyecciones (media,
IQR)
a
Ranibizumab 10 (6, 12)
Bevacizumab 11 (7, 12)
CIs within the dashed lines indicate ranibizumab and bevacizumab are equivalent. CIs extending beyond the non-inferiority limit of
3.5 letters indicate the comparison is inconclusive.
a
Includes all 610 patients. BCVA, best-corrected visual acuity; CI, confidence interval; IQR, interquartile range; MD, mean difference;
PRN, pro re nata; VA, visual acuity. Figure and table adapted/reprinted from IVAN study investigators. Ranibizumab versus bevacizumab to treat neovascular age-related macular
degeneration: one-year findings from the IVAN randomized trial. Ophthalmology 2012; 119: 1399-1411, Copyright 2012, with permission from Elsevier
Diferencia de 2 letras en favor de ranibizumab
Hallazgo de no inferioridad inconcluso (upper 95% CI 0.06)
32
IVAN: Resultados secundarios comparando ranibizumab con
bevacizumab a un ao (1)
Circles indicate the mean difference (MD), geometric mean ratio (GMR), or odds ratio (OR) and the bars 95% confidence intervals. Negative values for the mean
difference or ratios less than 1 reflect better functional outcomes at 1 year in the ranibizumab or continuous groups. EQ-5D, EuroQol 5D questionnaire. Figure
reprinted from IVAN study investigators. Ranibizumab versus bevacizumab to treat neovascular age-related macular degeneration: one-year findings from the IVAN
randomized trial. Ophthalmology 2012; 119: 1399-1411, Copyright 2012, with permission from Elsevier
Favor ranibizumab Favor bevacizumab
2 1 0
EQ-5D score=1 OR 0.82 (0.54, 1.25), p=0.36
4 0 -4
PA diastolica
MD 0.10 (-1.37, 1.57), p=0.89
PA arterial sistolica MD 0.50 (-2.06, 3.06), p=0.70
20 0 -20
2 0 -2
1.2 0 0.8
Agudeza visual
cercana
GMR 0.92 (0.84, 1.00), p=0.058
Sensibilidad de
constraste
MD 0.20 (-0.47, 0.87), p=0.56
Indice de
lectura
MD -5.53 (-14.59, 3.54), p=0.23
33
IVAN: Resultados secundarios comparando ranibizumab con
bevacizumab a un 1 ao (2)
Circles indicate the geometric mean ratio (GMR) or odds ratio (OR) and the bars 95% confidence intervals. Negative values for the mean difference or ratios less
than 1 reflect better functional outcomes at 1 year in the ranibizumab or continuous groups
OCT, optical coherence tomography. Figure reprinted from IVAN study investigators. Ranibizumab versus bevacizumab to treat neovascular age-related macular
degeneration: one-year findings from the IVAN randomized trial. Ophthalmology 2012; 119: 1399-1411, Copyright 2012, with permission from Elsevier
Favor ranibizumab Favor bevacizumab
2 1 0
Niveles sricos
de VEGF
GMR 0.47 (0.41, 0.54), p<0.001
1.2 1 0.8
Grosor total en
La fovea
GMR 0.97 (0.91, 1.04), p=0.42
Grosor retinal en la
fovea
GMR 0.97 (0.89, 1.05), p=0.40
2 1 0
2 1 0
2 1 0
Lesin presente OR 0.83 (0.55, 1.24), p=0.36
Fluido en OCT OR 0.76 (0.52, 1.11), p=0.16
Escape en el
angiograma
OR 0.82 (0.54, 1.26), p=0.36
34
IVAN 1 ao de resultados: Porcentaje de pacientes sin fluido en
OCT
OCT, optical coherence tomography; OR, odds ratio
Figures adapted/reprinted from IVAN study investigators. Ranibizumab versus bevacizumab to treat neovascular age-related macular degeneration:
one-year findings from the IVAN randomized trial. Ophthalmology 2012; 119: 1399-1411, Copyright 2012, with permission from Elsevier
0
10
20
30
40
50
n=287 n=274
Ranibizumab mensual
Bevacizumab mensual

P
a
c
i
e
n
t
e
s

(
%
)

41%
34%
Fluido en OCT
0 1 2
OR 0.76
(0.52, 1.11);
p=0.16
Favor ranibizumab Favor bevacizumab
35
Resumen de la eficacia de IVAN a 12 meses

Medida de Eficacia


Randomized
to
ranibizumab
(n=287)
Randomized
to
bevacizumab
(n=274)
Randomized
to monthly
(n=277)
Randomized
to PRN
(n=284)
Overall
(n=561)
BCVA
a
69.0 (16.0) 66.1 (17.4) 66.8 (17.4) 68.4 (16.1) 67.6 (16.7)
Nmero de inyecciones (media, IQR)

10 (6, 12) 11 (7, 12) 12 (11, 12) 7 (6, 9) 10 (7, 12)


Agudeza visual cercana, logMAR
b,
0.57 (0.38) 0.62 (0.41) 0.60 (0.39) 0.58 (0.41) 0.59 (0.40)
VEGF srico (median, IQR), pg/mL
c
151 (100, 277) 83 (59.5, 157) 114 (71.0, 196) 131 (76.9, 263) 125 (73.8, 215)
Grosor foveal, m
d,
322 (139) 325 (134) 311 (126) 335 (145) 323 (136)
Ausencia de fluido en OCT, n (%) 119 (41) 93 (34) 123 (44) 89 (31) 212 (38)
Ausencia de escape en el AGF,
n (%)
129 (45) 113 (41) 135 (49) 107 (38) 242 (43)
Area de la lesin (media, IQR),
area de disco ptico
e

0.39
(0.00, 2.44)
0.51
(0.00, 3.06)
0.30
(0.00, 2.17)
0.88
(0.00, 3.41)
0.46
(0.00, 2.94)
Approximately 49 patients withdrew or died before 1 year


Missing data (numbers for ranibizumab continuous, bevacizumab continuous, ranibizumab discontinuous, bevacizumab discontinuous groups,
respectively):
a
36 patients with missing data (5, 11, 9, 11);
b
55 patients with missing data (10, 16, 12, 17);
c
21 patients with missing data (6, 6, 5, 4);
d
82 patients with missing data (16, 20, 23, 23);
e
148 patients with missing data (37, 35, 37, 39);

data are presented as mean values and standard


deviation unless otherwise stated;

includes all 610 patients;

the total thickness at the fovea includes the retina, subretinal fluid, choroidal
neovascularization, and retinal pigment epithelial elevation
BCVA, best-corrected visual acuity; IQR, interquartile range; logMAR, log(minimum angle of resolution);
OCT, optical coherence tomography
Table reprinted from IVAN study investigators. Ranibizumab versus bevacizumab to treat neovascular age-related macular degeneration: one-year
findings from the IVAN randomized trial. Ophthalmology 2012; 119: 1399-1411, Copyright 2012, with permission from Elsevier
36
Resumen de la eficacia de resultados a 12 meses - IVAN: cambios
de la linea basal

Cambios de la linea basal


Randomized
to
ranibizumab
(n=287)
Randomized
to
bevacizumab
(n=274)
Randomized
to
monthly
(n=277)
Randomized
to
PRN
(n=284)
Overall


(n=561)
BCVA
a
6.4 12.8 4.7 12.5 6.1 14.1 5.0 11.1 5.6 12.7
Incremento de 15 letras 64 (23%) 40 (16%) 53 (20%) 51 (19%) 104 (20%)
Incremento def 5-14 letras 91 (33%) 78 (31%) 90 (35%) 79 (30%) 169 (32%)
Cambio de 4 letras 78 (29%) 88 (35%) 70 (27%) 96 (36%) 166 (32%)
Disminucion de 5-14 letras 27 (10%) 34 (14%) 34 (13%) 27 (10%) 61 (12%)
Disminucion de 15 letras 13 (5%) 11 (4%) 13 (5%) 11 (4%) 24 (5%)
Agudeza visual cercana, logMAR
b,
-0.07 0.32 -0.04 0.33 -0.08 0.35 -0.03 0.30 -0.05 0.32
VEGF serico (median, IQR), pg/mL
c
-6.0
(-88.0, 57.2)
-107.2
(-219, 21.0)
-59.0
(-172, 16.0)
-36
(-122, 45.3)
-43.0
(-152, 36.0)
Grosor total de la fovea, m
d,
-155 182 -139 183 -168 189 -127 174 -147 183
Area de la lesion(median, IQR),
area de disco optico
e

-1.92
(-4.81, -0.01)
-1.79
(-5.18, 0.00)
-2.34
(-5.84, -0.19)
-1.54
(-4.27, 0.21)
-1.86
(-5.17, 0.00)
Approximately 49 patients withdrew or died before 1 year


Missing data (numbers for ranibizumab continuous, bevacizumab continuous, ranibizumab discontinuous, bevacizumab discontinuous groups,
respectively):
a
37 patients with missing data (5, 11, 9, 11);
b
57 patients with missing data (11, 17, 12, 17);
c
176 patients with missing data or a VEGF
concentration below the lower limit of detection (36, 58, 32, 50);
d
121 patients with missing data (24, 31, 33, 33);
e
171 patients with missing data (40,
41, 46, 44);

data are presented as mean values and standard deviation unless otherwise stated;

includes all 610 patients;

the total thickness at the


fovea includes the retina, subretinal fluid, choroidal neovascularization, and retinal pigment epithelial elevation
BCVA, best-corrected visual acuity; IQR, interquartile range; logMAR, log(minimum angle of resolution); OCT, optical coherence tomography
IVAN study investigators. Ophthalmology 2012; 119: 1399-1411
Reprinted from Ophthalmology 119(7) Chakravarthy et al. Ranibizumab versus bevacizumab to treat neovascular age-related macular degeneration:
one-year findings from the IVAN randomized trial. 1399-1411. Copyright (2012) with permission from Elsevier.

37
Meta-analisis de 1-ao de resultados: diferencias entre la droga y
el regimen de tratamiento en cambio de AV a un (1) ao

Ranibizumab vs bevacizumab: cambio en BCVA
Estudio
CATT
IVAN
Todos
-4
0
4
Favor ranibizumab Favor bevacizumab
Subramanian
Differences between ranibizumab and bevacizumab in the change in BCVA from baseline (1 year minus baseline)
BCVA, best-corrected visual acuity; CI, confidence interval; PRN, pro re nata; SD, standard deviation; WMD, weighted mean difference
Figure and table reprinted/adapted from IVAN study investigators. Ranibizumab versus bevacizumab to treat neovascular age-related macular degeneration:
one-year findings from the IVAN randomized trial. Ophthalmology 2012; 119: 1399-1411, Copyright 2012, with permission from Elsevier
Nota: diferentes regimen PRN fueron usados en los estudios
comprometidos en este metaanalisis
WMD
(95% CI)
n, prom (SD)
Bevacizumab
n, prom (SD)
Ranibizumab
1.25
(-11.52, 14.0)
15, 7.53
(15.3)
7, 6.28
(13.7)
-0.71
(-2.45, 1.03)
536, 6.94
(15.7)
569, 7.65
(13.6)
-1.66
(-3.83, 0.50)
251, 4.66
(12.5)
269, 6.32
(12.7)
-1.06
(-2.41, 0.29)
802 845
38
Agrupacin VIEW 1 and VIEW 2 ao 1: Promedio del cambio de AV
en el tiempo
ETDRS, Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study; VA, visual acuity
http://www.fda.gov/downloads/AdvisoryCommittees/CommitteesMeetingMaterials/Drugs/DermatologicandOphthalmicDrugsAdvisory
Committee/UCM259143.pdf, accessed July 30, 2012 (figure reproduced with permission from FDA)
P
r
o
m
e
d
i
o

d
e

c
a
m
b
i
o

e
n

l
e
t
r
a
s

d
e
l

E
T
D
R
S


0
10
8
6
2
9.3
8.7
8.4
8.3
12 8 4 0 28 24 20 16 44 40 38 32 52 48
4
12
2q4 (n=613)
Rq4 (n=595)
2q8 (n=607)
0.5 q4 (n=597)
Ranibizumab 0.5q4 Aflibercept 2q4 Aflibercept 0.5q4 Aflibercept 2q8
Semanas
El objetivo primario fue non-inferioridad en el
porcentaje de pacientes con mantenimiento de la
AV
39
VIEW 2 Ao 1: Fluctuaciones del grosor retinal central visto en el
grupo de Aflibercept 2q8
12 8 4 0 28 24 20 16 44 40 38 32 52 48
P
r
o
m
e
d
i
o

d
e
l

c
a
m
b
i
o
s

e
n

g
r
o
s
o
r

r
e
t
i
n
a
l

c
e
n
t
r
a
l

(

m
)

-175
0
-25
-50
-100
-130 0.5q4
-139 Rq4
-149 2q8
-157 2q4
Ranibizumab 0.5q4 Aflibercept 2q4 Aflibercept 0.5q4 Aflibercept 2q8
http://www.fda.gov/downloads/AdvisoryCommittees/CommitteesMeetingMaterials/Drugs/DermatologicandOphthalmicDrugsAdvisory
Committee/UCM259143.pdf, accessed July 30, 2012 (figure reproduced with permission from FDA)
Weeks
-75
-125
-150
40
Agrupacin VIEW 1 y 2 ao 2: similar BCVA y frecuencia de
tratamiento a lo largo de los grupos.
BCVA, best-corrected visual acuity; ETDRS, Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study
1. Heier. Abstract 6962 presented at ARVO, May 6-9, 2012, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA; 2. http://www.fda.gov/downloads/AdvisoryCommittees/
CommitteesMeetingMaterials/Drugs/DermatologicandOphthalmicDrugsAdvisoryCommittee/UCM259143.pdf, accessed July 30, 2012
(figure reproduced with permission from FDA)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Week 52 Week 96
Ranibizumab
0.5q
(n=595)
Aflibercept
2q4
(n=613)
Aflibercept
0.5q4
(n=597)
Aflibercept
2q8
(n=603)
P
r
o
m
e
d
i
o

d
e

c
a
m
b
i
o

e
n

l
e
t
r
a
s

E
T
D
R
S

1
,
2

Prom del n. de inyecc en ao 2
1
Rq4
4.7
2q4
4.1
0.5q4
4.6
2q8
4.2
41
Conclusiones de la eficacia para el tratamiento de la DMRE de tipo
hmeda
Ranibizumab vs bevacizumab (CATT)
A un ao, bevacizumab mensualmente y ranibizumab a necesidad fueron
no inferiores a ranibizumab mensual
Bevacizumab a necesidad fallo en demostrar no inferioridad
Ranibizumab vs bevacizumab (IVAN, 1 ao de resultados)
El estudio fue inconcluso: comparado con ranibizumab, bevacizumab fallo
en demostrar no inferioridad en ganancias de AV
Ranibizumab vs aflibercept (VIEW)
Aflibercept fue non-inferior a ranibizumab a 1 ao

VA, visual acuity
Agentes Anti-VEGF en DMRE de tipo hmeda:
Revisin de la seguridad
43
Disminucin o pobre cicatrizacin de las heridas: FDA black box
advierte sobre las complicaciones quirrgicas y la cicatrizacin con
Bevacizumab y aflibercept
Limitacin en el cremicimiento de los neovasos
Efectos adversos potenciales de la accin de los anti-VEGF
ATE, arterial thromboembolic event; DME, diabetic macular edema; GI, gastrointestinal
1. Shord et al. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2009; 66: 999-1013; 2. Genentech. Avastin prescribing information. 2004;
3. Novartis. Lucentis European SmPC. 2012
Efectos adversos por
perdida de
sealizacin de VEGF
1
El uso IV del bevacizumab ha sido asociado con eventos ATEs
serios como IAM (algunas veces fatales)
2
El uso intravtreo de ranibizumab tiene baja incidencia de eventos
ATEs en los estudios para DMRE y EMD. No hubo diferencia
significativa con el grupo control.
3
Existe un riesgo
terico de ATEs luego
del uso intravtreo de
cualquier anti-VEGF
Riesgo terico de ATEs con ranibizumab monitorizado con riesgo de plan de
manejo
La FDA advirtio en black box el cuidado con bevacizumab y
aflibercept por el riesgo de perforacin GI.
Complicaciones GI
La FDA advirtio en black box el cuidado con bevacizumab y
aflibercept por el riesgo de sangrado fatal o severo a nivel GI y
hemoptisis.
Hemorragia
44
Reacciones oculares adversas ocurren en >15% de los pacientes tratados
con ranibizumab en estudios de DMRE hmeda (MARINA, ANCHOR, and
PIER)
DMRE humeda 2-aos DMRE humeda 1-ao
Ranibizumab
(n=379), %
Control
(n=379), %
Ranibizumab
(n=440), %
Control
(n=441), %
Hemorragia conjuntival 74 60 64 50
Dolor ocular 35 30 26 20
Floters (vitreo) 27 8 19 5
Incremento de PIO 24 7 17 5
Desp Vitreo 21 19 15 15
Inflamacin intraocular 18 8 13 7
Alteraciones visuales o
vision borrosa
18 15 13 10
Cataratas 17 14 11 9
Sensacin de cpo
extrao
16 14 13 10
Irritacin ocular 15 15 13 12
Reactions shown are those occurring in >15% of patients based on three randomized, double-masked, sham- or active-controlled
studies. IOP, intraocular pressure
Novartis. Lucentis Prescribing Information 2012
45
MARINA: No se encontro eventos no-oculares en 24 meses
Termino preferido, n (%)
Placebo

(n=236)
Ranibizumab
0.3 mg
(n=238)
Ranibizumab
0.5 mg
(n=239)
Hipertensin
No. de pacientes 38 (16.1) 41 (17.2) 39 (16.3)
Promedio de disminucin en la PA
desde la linea basal (mm Hg)
3.3/3.5 2.6/2.5 4.4/1.1
Eventos arteriales tromboembolicos (no-fatal)
Infarto de miocardio 4 (1.7) 6 (2.5) 3 (1.3)
ECV 2 (0.8)
a
3 (1.3)
b
6 (2.5)
Muerte
Causa vascular (APTC criteria) 4 (1.7)
c
3 (1.3
)a,d
3 (1.3)
e
Causa no vascular 2 (0.8) 2 (0.8) 3 (1.3)
Hemorragia no-ocular
Eventos totales serios y no serios 13. (5.5) 22 (9.2) 21 (8.8)
Eventos reportados como serios 2 (0.8) 3 (1.3) 5 (2.1)
a
One patient had a second episode of stroke that resulted in death;
b
one patient had a non-fatal ischemic stroke and died of an unknown cause;
c
two patients died from stroke,
one from congestive heart failure, and one from an unknown cause;
d
two patients died from myocardial infarction and one from an unknown cause;
e
one patient died from a small-
bowel infarct and two from stroke. APTC, Anti-Platelet Trialists Collaboration. Table reproduced from Rosenfeld et al. Ranibizumab for neovascular age-related macular
degeneration. N Engl J Med 2006; 355: 1419-1431. Copyright 2006 Massachusetts Medical Society. Reprinted with permission from Massachusetts Medical Society
46
ANCHOR: No se encontro eventos no-oculares en 24 meses
Termino preferido,
n (%)
Placebo

(n=236)
Ranibizumab
0.3 mg
(n=238)
Ranibizumab
0.5 mg
(n=239)
Tratamiento emergente de HTA 23 (16.1) 13 (9.5) 17 (12.1)
Eventos tromboembolicos arteriales (no fatales)
Infarto de Miocardio 2 (1.4) 1 (0.7) 5 (3.6)
ECV 2 (1.4) 3 (2.2)
a
0
Muerte
Causa Vascular (APTC criteria) 3 (2.1) 2 (1.5) 2 (1.4)
Causa no-vascular 2 (1.4) 3 (2.2) 1 (0.7)
Hemorragia no-ocular
Total de eventos serios y no serios 7 (4.9) 12 (8.8) 13 (9.3)
Eventos serios reportados 1 (0.7) 4 (2.9) 3 (2.1)
a
Includes one non-serious adverse event of cerebral ischemia
APTC, Anti-Platelet Trialists Collaboration
Reproduced from Ophthalmology; 116(1): 57-65, Brown et al. Ranibizumab versus verteporfin photodynamic therapy for neovascular age-related
macular degeneration: Two-year results of the ANCHOR study. Copyright 2009 with permission from Elsevier
47
Tipo de evento adversos
Ranibizumab
(n=599)
n (%)
Bevacizumab
(n=586)
n (%)
p-value
a
Eventos sistemicos serios
Muerte: Todas las causas 32 (5.3) 36 (6.1) 0.62
Eventos Arterioembolicos 28
c
(4.7)

29 (5.0) 0.89
ECV no fatal 8 (1.3) 8 (1.4) 1.00
IAM no fatal 9 (1.5) 7 (1.2) 0.80
Muerte vascular 12 (2.0) 14 (2.4) 0.70
Eventos tromboticos venosos 3 (0.5) 10 (1.7)

0.054
Hipertension 3 (0.5) 4 (0.7) 0.72
Uno o mas eventos adversos serios 190 (31.7) 234 (39.9) 0.004
Tratamiento AntiVEGF previamente asociado
b
Si 45 (7.5) 62 (10.6)

0.07
No 170 (28.4) 202 (34.5) 0.02
CATT 2-aos de seguridad: Diferencias en el nmero de eventos
sistmicos advesos serios (1)
a
Fishers exact test;
b
arteriothrombotic events, systemic hemorrhage, congestive heart failure, venous thrombotic events, hypertension, and
vascular death;
c
one patient had both a nonfatal stroke and a nonfatal myocardial infarction
Table reprinted from Martin et al. Ranibizumab and bevacizumab for treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration: two-year
results. Ophthalmology 2012; 119: 1388-1398, Copyright 2012, with permission from Elsevier
48
CATT 2-aos de seguridad: Diferencias en el nmero de eventos
sistmicos advesos serios (2)
a
Fishers exact test;
b
data are listed only for system organ classes with 35 or more events;
c
one patient had both a nonfatal stroke and a nonfatal
myocardial infarction. MedDRA, Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities
Table reprinted from Martin et al. Ranibizumab and bevacizumab for treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration: two-year
results. Ophthalmology 2012; 119: 1388-1398, Copyright 2012, with permission from Elsevier
Tipo de evento adverso
Ranibizumab
(n=599)
n (%)
Bevacizumab
(n=586)
n (%)
p-value
a
Clase de sistema organico MedDRA
b
Alteraciones cardiacas 47 (7.8) 62 (10.6)
c
0.11
Infecciones 41 (6.8) 54 (9.2)
c
0.14
Alteraciones del sistema nervioso 34 (5.7) 36 (6.1) 0.81
Lesiones y complicaciones en procedimientos 23 (3.8) 35 (6.0)
c
0.11
Neoplasias benignas y malignas 27 (4.5) 22 (3.8) 0.56
Alteraciones gastrointestinales 11 (1.8) 28 (4.8) 0.005
Cualquier otro sistema organico 81 (13.5) 104 (17.8) 0.046
Ocular
Endoftalmitis 4 (0.7) 7 (1.2)
c
0.38
Pseudo-endoftalmitis 1 (0.2) 1 (0.2) 1.00
49
IVAN 1-ao de seguridad: Eventos sistmicos serios despus de
1ao.
a
Includes any non-ocular serious adverse event
Table reprinted from IVAN study investigators. Ranibizumab versus bevacizumab to treat neovascular age-related macular degeneration: one-year
findings from the IVAN randomized trial. Ophthalmology 2012; 119: 1399-1411, Copyright 2012, with permission from Elsevier

Evento sistmico serio
Randomized to
ranibizumab
(n=314)
Randomized to
bevacizumab
(n=296)
Randomized to
monthly
(n=308)
Randomized to
PRN
(n=302)
Overall
(n=610)
Nmero de eventos/pacientes (% of patients)
Muerte de cualquier causa 6/6 (1.9) 5/5 (1.7) 5/5 (1.6) 6/6 (2.0) 11/11 (1.8)
Evento arterioembolico 6/6 (1.9) 1/1 (0.3) 3/3 (1.0) 4/4 (1.3) 7/7 (1.1)
IAM no fatal 2/2 (0.6) 1/1 (0.3) 1/1 (0.3) 2/2 (0.7) 3/3 (0.5)
ECV no fatal 3/3 (1.0) 0 2/2 (0.6) 1/1 (0.3) 3/3 (0.5)
Muerte de causas vasculares 1/1 (0.3) 0 0 1/1 (0.3) 1/1 (0.2)
Evento arterioembolico de falla cardiaca 9/9 (2.9) 2/2 (0.7) 4/4 (1.3) 7/7 (2.3) 11/11 (1.8)
Falla cardiaca 3/3 (1.0) 1/1 (0.3) 1/1 (0.3) 3/3 (1.0) 4/4 (0.7)
Evento arterioembolico venoso 0 2/2 (0.7) 1/1 (0.3) 1/1 (0.3) 2/2 (0.3)
Isquemia cerebral transitoria 1/1 (0.3) 1/1 (0.3) 0 2/2 (0.7) 2/2 (0.3)
Angina (hospitalizacion) 3/3 (1.0) 2/2 (0.7) 4/4 (1.3) 1/1 (0.3) 5/5 (0.8)
Cualquiera de las anteriores excluyendo
muerte no vascular
13/13 (4.1) 7/7 (2.4) 9/9 (2.9) 11/11 (3.6)

20/20 (3.3)
Cualquiera de las anteriores incluyendo
muerte no vascular
16/16 (5.1) 11/11 (3.7) 12/12 (3.9) 15/15 (5.0)

27/27 (4.4)

1 evento sistmico serio
a
30 (9.6) 37 (12.5) 30 (9.7) 37 (12.3) 67 (11.0)
50
CATT e IVAN: Anlisis conjunto de resultados de seguridad a un
ao

Ranibizumab vs bevacizumab: Resultados de
seguridad
*Statistically significant. The squares indicate the weighted mean difference (WMD; A, B) or the odds ratio (OR; C) for each trial and the bars
95% confidence intervals (CI). The size of the square reflects the study size. The diamond shows the pooled estimate for the trials. Negative values
for the mean difference reflect better outcomes at 1 year in the ranibizumab group. OR >1 reflect fewer serious adverse events during the first year
in the bevacizumab group. Figure and table adapted from IVAN study investigators. Ranibizumab versus bevacizumab to treat neovascular age-related macular
degeneration: one-year findings from the IVAN randomized trial. Ophthalmology 2012; 119: 1399-1411, Copyright 2012, with permission from Elsevier
OR (95% CI)
Eventos,
ranibizumab
Eventos,
bevacizumab
0.58 (0.25, 1.34) 9/599 15/586
1.13 (0.34, 3.76) 6/314 5/296
0.72 (0.37, 1.42) 15/913 20/882
0.91 (0.42, 1.95) 13/599 14/586
5.75 (0.69, 48.0) 6/314 1/296
1.24 (0.62, 2.45) 19/913 15/882
0.74 (0.56, 0.98)* 114/599 141/586
0.74 (0.44, 1.23) 30/314 37/296
0.74 (0.58, 0.95)* 144/913 178/882
Muerte
CATT
IVAN
Ambos
Eventos arteriotromboticos
CATT
IVAN
Ambos
Ms de un evento sistmico serio
CATT
IVAN
Ambos
Favor
bevacizumab
Favor
ranibizumab
0.1 10 1
51
VIEW 1 y 2: Resumen de los resultados de seguridad
cardiovascular
Ranibizumab
0.5q4
(n=595), n (%)
Aflibercept
2q4
(n=613), n (%)
Aflibercept
0.5q4
(n=601), n (%)
Aflibercept
2q8
(n=610), n (%)
Todo
aflibercept
(n=1824), n (%)
Cualquier
evento
APTC
9 (1.5) 6 (1.0) 12 (2.0) 14 (2.3) 32 (1.8)
Muerte
vascular
2 (0.3) 1 (0.2) 3 (0.5) 5 (0.8) 9 (0.5)
IAM no fatal 6 (1.0) 3 (0.5) 6 (1.0) 6 (1.0) 15 (0.8)
ECV no
fatal
1 (0.2) 2 (0.3) 3 (0.5) 3 (0.5) 8 (0.4)
APTC, Anti-Platelet Trialists Collaboration
1. http://www.fda.gov/downloads/AdvisoryCommittees/CommitteesMeetingMaterials/Drugs/DermatologicandOphthalmicDrugsAdvisoryCommittee
/UCM259143.pdf, accessed July 30, 2012; 2. http://investor.regeneron.com/releaseDetail.cfm?ReleaseID=629800 (table reproduced with permission
from FDA)
Year 2: La incidencia de cualquier evento APTC despus de dos aos de
tratamiento fue 3.2% en pacientes de ranibizumab y 3.3% en pacientes de los
grupos de aflibercept
2
Ao 1
1
52
Carneiro et al: Analisis ATE de diseo de estudio
Objetivos del estudio
Determinar y comparar la incidencia de ATEs en pacientes con DMRE hum tratados con
inyeccion intravitrea de bevacizumab o ranibizumab
Evaluar cuando la administracin de bevacizumab constituye un riesgo alto para ATE
comparado con la administracin de ranibizumab
Diseo de estudio
Retrospectivo, no randomizado, comparativo, intervencional
Un solo centro: Departmento de Oftalmologia, Hospital So Joo, Portugal
Regimen de tratamiento: Estrategia a necesidad (PRN) de tratamiento y visita de
seguimiento cada 4 sem.
DMRE humeda
378 patients
a

Grupo Ranibizumab
219 patients
Study supported by grants from the Sociedade Portuguesa de Oftalmologia, Hospital de So Joo, Swiss National Foundation and the Walter and Gertrud Siegenthaler
Foundation, Zurich, Switzerland
a
Patients who received both drugs for the treatments (n=56/15%) were excluded for the study, as well as patients who died due to cancer (n=4) and patients with congestive
heart failure (n=2)
Carneiro et al. Ophthalmologica 2011; 225: 211-221
GrupoBevacizumab
97 patients
53
Carneiro et al: incremento de la incidencia de ATEs con
bevacizumab comparado con ranibizumab
Bevacizumab
(n=97), n (%)
Ranibizumab
(n=219), n (%)
p-value
Numero total de ATEs 12 (12.4) 3 (1.4) <0.0001***
IAM 2 (2.1) 1 (0.5)
ECV 4 (4.1) 2 (0.9)
ECV letal 2 (2.1) 0
Muerte subita 1 (1.0) 0
ATE perifrico 1 (1.0) 0
Isquemia cerebral transitoria 1 (1.0) 0
Angina inestable 1 (1.0) 0
***Fishers exact test p<0.0001, OR 10.16; 95% CI 2.80, 36.93
ATE, arterial thrombotic event; CI, confidence interval; MI, myocardial infarction; OR, odds ratio; TIA, transient ischemic attack
Carneiro et al. Ophthalmologica 2011; 225: 211-221
Diferencia estadisticamente significativa en incidencia de ATE entre grupos
de tratamiento con bevacizumab vs ranibizumab
54
Curtis et al: Anlisis Medicare
Expendientes relacionados con los eventos en el tratamiento de la DMRE hmeda en
centros de Medicare y servicios mdicos de los beneficiarios de Medicare de Enero 1 de
2004 a diciembre 31 de 2007
Pacientes 65 aos que viven en EEUU con diagnstico de DMRE hmeda
Cuatro eventos adversos: Todas las causas de mortalidad, IAM, Sangrado, y ECV
El objetivo de anlisis secundario fue comparar los grupos de pacientes que recibiern
ranibizumab vs bevacizumab. La poblacin de estudio se limito a pacientes nuevamente
tratados que recibiern bevacizumab o ranibizumab de Julio a Diciembre 2006
Study supported by a research agreement between OSI Eyetech and Duke University
Curtis et al. Arch Ophthalmol 2010; 128: 1273-1279
DMRE hmeda
146,942 pacientes
Grupo Pegaptanib
36,942 patients
Grupo Bevacizumab
38,718 patients
Grupo control
fotodinmico
52,256 pacientes
Grupo Ranibizumab
19,026 patients
55
Curtis et al: Analisis Medicare: ajuste de resultados
a
eventos
adversos a un ao


Mortalidad: Menos peligro significativo con ranibizumab vs PDT (HR
0.85; 99% CI 0.75, 0.95) o pegaptanib (HR 0.84; 99% CI 0.74, 0.95);
p<0.001
Infarto de Miocardio: Menos peligro significativo con ranibizumab vs PDT
(HR 0.73; 99% CI 0.58, 0.92); p<0.005
No diferencias significativas en el peligro de mortalidad or IAM entre
bevacizumab y otras terapias.
No relacin estadstica significativa entre el grupo de tratamiento y
eventos de sangrado o ECV

a
Adjusted for baseline characteristics and comorbid conditions
ATE, arterial thrombotic event; CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; MI, myocardial infarction; PDT, photodynamic therapy
Curtis et al. Arch Ophthalmol 2010; 128: 1273-1279
Anlisis primario: 146,942 pacientes con DMRE hmeda
56
Curtis et al: Analisis secundario-radios de peligro a un ao: riesgo de
mortalidad y ECV significativamente menos con ranibizumab vs
bevacizumab
a
Adjusted outcomes at 1 year for the comparison of ranibizumab and bevacizumab
Curtis et al. Arch Ophthalmol 2010; 128: 1273-1279
El hazard ratios of 0.78 and 0.86 visto con ranibizumab vs bevacizumab corresponde a 22%
(0.78-1) and 14% (0.86-1) reduccin de riesgo con ranibizumab vs bevacizumab
Estos datos pueden ser expresados en terminos de incremento de riesgo con bevacizumab,
correspondiente a un incremento ( estadisticamente signif) de 28% de riesgo de ECV (1/0.78-
1) y un incremento de riesgo de 16% de mortalidad (1/0.86-1)
Analisis secundario:
40,841 pacientes con
DMRE humeda
0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3
Menos eventos con ranibizumab Mas eventos con ranibizumab
Muerte
IAM
Sangrado
ECV
0.86 (0.75, 0.98)
0.83 (0.64, 1.08)
1.03 (0.92, 1.16)
0.78 (0.64, 0.96)
Riesgo de muerte, IAM, Sangrado, y ECV con bevacizumab vs
ranibizumab
a
57
Grupos de eventos oculares adversos asociados con
Bevacizumab
USA: endoftalmitis
en 12 pacientes
Alemania y Austria:
Inflamacin ocular severa en
8 y 5 pacientes respect.
China:
inflamacin
ocular en
61 pacientes
Australia: Inflamacin
ocular severa en 14
pacientes
India:
infeccin
ocular en 4
pacientes
Canada: Inflamacin
ocular severa
117 pacientes
1. Fung et al. Br J Ophthalmol 2006; 90: 1344-1349; 2. Wickremasinghe et al. Ophthalmology 2008; 115: 1911-1915; 3. Georgopoulos et al. Br J Ophthalmol 2009; 93: 457-
462; 4.http://ophthalmologyrounds.ca/modules/contentManager/upload/document/alwaysOnLine/ScientificUpdate_en.pdf; 5. Sinha et al. Indian J Ophthalmol 2012; 60: 311-
313; 6. http://shanghai.gov.cn/shanghai/node23919/node23923/u22ai42455.html; 7. http://www.rcophth.ac.uk/news.asp?section=24&itemid=781&search;
8. http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/ucm270296.htm
UK:
endoftalmitis en
in 25 pacientes
58
Conclusiones de seguridad para el tratamiento de la DMRE
hmeda
En el estudio CATT, Hubo un incremento en el riesgo de eventos adversos
sistmicos serios con bevacizumab comparado con ranibizumab (39.9% vs 31.7%;
p=0.004)
Estos estudios pueden no reflejar la relevancia clnica de los riesgos en seguridad
ocular relacionados con el uso de bevacizumab en la vida real. La forma de
prepareacin puede variar entre los diferentes centros.
Compuestos de bevacizumab se asocia con grupos de endoftalmitis reportados en varios
pases.
El estudio CATT mostro que bevacizumab esta asociado con incremento en el riesgo de
eventos sistemicos adversos.
En el estudio VIEW, un perfil general de seguridad favorable fue observado en los
grupos de ranibizumab y aflibercept, sin eventos adversos inesperados.
La inhibicin de VEGF sistmica esta asociada con hemorragia, perforacion GI y
eventos arteriales tromboembolicos
El bevacizumab intraocular causa supresin del VEGF sistmico
Se requiere estudios largos para establecer el riesgo relativo de eventos adversos
infrecuentes pero importantes como ECV y endoftalmitis.


59
Conclusiones Generales
Eficacia transformacional de Ranibizumab
Los estudios han mostrado resultados inconclusos en terminos de
ganancia de agudeza visual entre bevacizumab y ranibizumab
No hay diferencias significativas en eficacia entre aflibercept y
ranibizumab
El incremento de riesgo de eventos adversos serios sistmicos
persistieron en el metaanalisis con el estudio IVAN
Necesidad de considerar la seguridad potencial asociada con el uso de
bevacizumab intravtreo para el tratamiento de la DMRE de tipo hmeda.
Back-up
61
Other ranibizumab / bevacizumab head-to-head studies in Europe
MANTA VIBERA LUCAS GEFAL SAFETY
Location Austria Germany Netherlands France Switzerland
Centers 10 1 10 36 1
Target
enrollment, n
320 366 420 500 75
ARMS 2 2 2 2 3
Protocol PRN PRN
Inject and
extend
PRN PRN
Randomized
patients, n
320 90 395 500 50
Fully enrolled Oct 2010 Unknown Jun 2012 Nov 2011 2013
Data expected Apr 2012 2012? Oct 2013 May 2013 2013
PRN, pro re nata
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
62
GEFAL study design
Phase III, multicenter, prospective, double-blind randomized study of
patients with subfoveal neovascular AMD
Designed to show non-inferiority in terms of clinical efficacy at
12 months of bevacizumab relative to ranibizumab on visual acuity
500 patients in 36 French centers
Two successive phases
induction phase for 3 months: one injection per month
maintenance phase for 9 months: monthly monitoring and PRN injection
Two independent reading centers
PRN, pro re nata
63
Preclinical data suggest VEGF-B has neuroprotective effects
FLT, FMS-like tyrosine kinase
1. Li et al. J Clin Invest 2008; 118: 913-923; 2. Zhang et al. Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi 2009; 45: 38-42; 3. Falk et al. Neurosci Lett 2011;
496: 43-47; 4. Dhondt et al. FASEB J 2011; 25: 1461-1473; 5. Falk et al. Mol Neurodegener 2009; 4: 49
VEGF-B is the first member of the
VEGF family that has a potent
anti-apoptotic effect while lacking
general angiogenic activity
1
VEGF-B is involved in the retinal
recovery processes and plays a
potent role of neuroprotection in
mouse retinal ganglion cells after
optic nerve crush
2
VEGF-B could be a new candidate
trophic factor for the treatment of
Parkinsons disease
3
Studies in VEGF-B-deficient mice
suggest that VEGF-B, instead of
acting as an angiogenic factor,
exerts direct neuroprotective effects
through its neuronal receptor FLT1
4
The growth factor VEGF-B can
improve neuronal survival in a
culture model of Parkinsons
disease
5

64
Preclinical data suggest VEGF-B has cardioprotective effects
The finding that VEGFR-1 activation by VEGF-B prevents
loss of cardiac mass and promotes maintenance of cardiac
contractility over time has obvious therapeutic implications
1
Induction of arteriogenesis and anti-apoptotic and
metabolic effects make VEGF-B a promising candidate
for the treatment of myocardial ischemia
2
VEGF-B is uniquely required for myocardial angiogenesis
3
1. Zentilin et al. FASEB J 2010; 24: 1467-1478; 2. Lhteenvuo et al. Circulation 2009; 119: 845-856;
3. Li et al. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2008; 28: 1614-1620

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