Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
OBJECTIVES
Format of biochemistry Important questions Practical
FORMAT
TOTAL MARKS: 150 marks 1. MIDYEAR a) 25 marks b) Format: -MCQ -Cross match -Complete sentences 2. FINAL a) 125 marks b) Division: -MCQ (25 marks) -Written (50 marks) -Oral (25 marks) -Practical (20 marks) -Logbook (5 marks)
MID YEAR
MCQ
WRITTEN
4 6 4 4 8
4 10 3 8
10 3
2 3 2 4
10 3
2 3 3 4
CARBOHYDRATE
OXIDATION OF GLUCOSE
1. MAJOR - Glycolysis
- Oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvic acid to acetyl coa NADH.H - Complete oxidation of acetyl coa in kreb's cycle 2. MINOR - Hexose Monophosphate Pathway - Uronic Acid Pathway
1. GLYCOLYSIS
3. KREB'S CYCLE
PROTEIN
PROTEIN ABSORPTION
UREA BIOSYNTHESIS
LIPIDS
Past years
6/2009 (How acetyl coA is converted to B(OH) Butyric acid ? (pg 120 : Ketogenesis)
2 acetyl coA thiolase coASH Aceto acetyl coA deacyclase coASH Aceto acetate
synthase
Acetyl coA
HMGcoA
Acetyl CoA
If the cell contain oversupply of cholestrol from LDL, HDL, or chyclomicron remnant, cholestrol can be decreased by : Oversupply of cholestrol inhibit HMG coA necluctase enzyme so cholestrol synthesis is decreased Oversupply of cholestrol stimulates acyl CoA. Cholestrol acyl coA (ACAT), which transfers FA from acyl coAto cholestrol to form cholestrol ester that can be stored in the cell Oversupply of cholestrol inhibits synthesis of new LDL receptor, so further entry of LDL cholestrol into the cell is limited.
9/2009
Illustrate by diagram only biosynthesis of eicosanoids from cell membrane phospholipids with the effect of corticosteroids & aspirin(pg 107)
Phospholipids(from cell membrane) Phospholipase A2 Arachidonic acid 5-lipooxygenase 5-HPETE PGG2 cyclooxygenase
Corticosteroids eg:cortisol
LTA4
PGH2
LTB4
LTC4
LTD4
LTE4
TXD2 PGD2
(sphinganine)
Malonyl coA
Mn++
CO2 ATP
Biotin
ADP+Pi
Regulation (pg 117) Source substrate[acetyl coA](pg 112) :excess acetyl coA from oxidation of glucose
(b)Glucocorticoids are better anti-inflammatory agent than aspirin like drugs. Explain (pg 108)
* Glucocorticoids inhibit activity of phospholipase A2, thus the precursor of the prostaglandins(arachidonic a)is not available. As a result, the synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes are decreased and the inflammatory response is reduced * While aspirin only block activity of cyclooxygenase which only inhibit formation of prostaglandins and do not effect synthesis of leukotrienes. * thats why glucocorticoids are better anti inflammatory agent than aspirin.
8/2010
Mention the biochemical lesion of the following : b)type 1 lipoproteinemia (pg 95) ** due to deficiency of lipoprotein lipase enzyme
Comment on the following : a) causes &prevention of fatty liver(pg 140) b) Ketosis(def, mech, causes and effect)[pg125126] c) Biosynthesis of mevalonic acid from active acetate .(pg 132-134) Explain how this pathway is controlled. [show/draw pathway] **Step 1: Ketogenensis(2 active acetate forming HMGCoA) **Step 2 : HMGCoA forming mevalonic acid (cholestrol synthesis)
Must do!
1)Question banks(from department) 2)Past 5 years Questions
PRACTICAL
TEST
OBSERVATION
COMMENT - urine sample contains reducing sugar - urine sample doesn't contain reducing sugar
- cloudness at the upper part 10 ml urine, boil - no cloudness at the the upper part upper part
- urine sample contains heat coagulable protein - urine sample doesn't contain heat coagulabe protein
10ml urine, saturate with ammonium sulfate crystals +3 drops of sodium nitroprusside+3 ml ammonium hyroxide conc
- urine sample contains acetone and/or AAA - urine sample doesn't contain acetone or AAA - urine sample doesn't contain AAA
- sinking of sulfur powder to the bottom of tube - floating of sulfur powder on surface of urine
- urine sample contains bile salts - urine sample doesn't contain bile salts
10 ml urine+5 drops saturated mg sulphate+3ml barium chloride, boil then cool under tap water, pour supernatant, take ppt in cone shaped filter paper, dry it close to fire + drops of nitric acid on the edge of paper
- coloured rings (red-green-blue) at the edge of ppt - no coloured rings at the edge of ppt
- urine sample contains bile pigments - urine sample doesn't contain bile oigments