1

Contents
Capacitors
Series and Parallel Capacitors
Inductors
Series and Parallel Inductors

Capacitors
The capacitor consists of two parallel plates
separated by the insulator or known as dielectric.
The symbol of the basic capacitor is shown in
Figure 5.1




The capacitance is defined as the value of capacitor when the
potential difference across the capacitor is one volt and is charged
by one coulomb of electricity.

3
Figure 5.1
V
Q
C =
Capacitors
(F) farad Unit =
=
=
d
A
C
Cv q
c
A capacitor consists of two conducting plates
separated by an insulator (or dielectric).
The energy is stored in its electric field.
I-V Characteristic of Capacitor
idt
C
v
dt
dv
C
dt
dq
i
Cv q
t
}

=
= =
=
1

Power and Energy in Capacitor

( ) ( )
( )
C
q
Cv w
- t v
Cv t Cv Cv
vdv C dt
dt
dv
v C pdt w
dt
dv
Cv
dt
dv
C v vi p
t
t
t t t
2 2
1
. at uncharged was capacitor the because 0 where
2
1
2
1
2
1


is capacitor in the stored energy The

is capacitor the to delivered power ous instantane The
2
2
2 2
2
|
= =
= =
= =
= = =
=
|
.
|

\
|
= =
=

} } }
Contd
v
t
i
t
v
+

_
v
+

_
I
S
I
S
I
S
I
S
Charging
Discharging
i i
mode g dischargin during
supplied Energy
mode charging during
absorbed Energy
=
Properties of Capacitor
A capacitor is an open circuit to dc.





current) dc (no 0
) (
= =
dt
t dv
C i
Find energy stored in each
capacitor under dc conditions.
Capacitors
replaced by
open circuits
Parallel Capacitors
N
k
N
k
N
N
C C C C C
dt
dv
C
dt
dv
C
dt
dv
C
dt
dv
C
dt
dv
C
dt
dv
C i
i i i i i
+ + + + =
=
|
.
|

\
|
E =
+ + + + =
+ + + + =
=
3 2 1 eq
eq
1
3 2 1
3 2 1
where
gives KCL Applying
Series Capacitors
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
0
1
0
3 2 1 eq
0
eq
0
1 1
0
0 2
2
0 1
1
3 2 1

1 1 1 1 1
where
1
1
1

1 1
gives KVL Applying
0
0
0
0 0
t v t v
C C C C C
t v dt t i
C
t v dt t i
C
t v dt t i
C
t v dt t i
C
t v dt t i
C
v
v v v v v
k
N
k
N
t
t
k
N
k
t
t
k
N
k
N
t
t
N
t
t
t
t
N
=
= =
E =
+ + + + =
+ =
E +
|
|
.
|

\
|
E =
+ + +
+ + + =
+ + + + =
}
}
}
} }
Example 1
Find C
eq
.
Example 2
V 5
V 10 V, 15
, Because
C 3 . 0 30 10 10
mF 10
m 60
1
m 30
1
m 20
1 1
3
3
2
2
1
1
3 3 2 2 1 1
3
eq
eq
eq
= =
= = = =
= = =
= = =
=
+ + =

C
q
v
C
q
v
C
q
v
v C v C v C q
v C q
C
C
Find v
1
, v
2
, v
3
.
Example
Find the equivalent capacitance seen at the
terminal of the circuit.
Ans: 40 F
Inductors
An inductor consists of a coil of conducting wire.
The energy is stored in its magnetic field.

(H) henry Unit =
=
dt
di
L v
l
A N
L

2
=
I-V Characteristic of Inductor
( ) ( ) ( )
0
0
1
,
1 1
t t
t
di
v L di vdt
dt L
i v t dt v t dt i t
L L

= =
= = +
} }
Power and Energy in Inductor
( ) ( )
2
2 2
2
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1

is inductor in the stored energy The
is inductor the to delivered power The
|
Li w
Li t Li Li
idi L dt
dt
di
Li pdt w
dt
di
Li i
dt
di
L vi p
t
t
t t t
=
= =
= = =
=
|
.
|

\
|
= =
=

} } }
0
Series Inductors
N
k
N
k
N
N
L L L L L
dt
di
L
dt
di
L
dt
di
L
dt
di
L
dt
di
L
dt
di
L v
v v v v v
+ + + + =
=
|
.
|

\
|
E =
+ + + + =
+ + + + =
=
3 2 1 eq
eq
1
3 2 1
3 2 1
where
gives KVL Applying
Parallel Inductors
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
0
1
0
3 2 1 eq
0
eq
0
1 1
0
0 2
2
0 1
1
3 2 1

1 1 1 1 1
where
1
1
1

1 1
gives KCL Applying
0
0
0
0 0
t i t i
L L L L L
t i dt t v
L
t i dt t v
L
t i dt t v
L
t i dt t v
L
t i dt t v
L
i
i i i i i
k
N
k
N
t
t
k
N
k
t
t
k
N
k
N
t
t
N
t
t
t
t
N
=
= =
E =
+ + + + =
+ =
E +
|
|
.
|

\
|
E =
+ + +
+ + + =
+ + + + =
}
}
}
} }
Example 1
Find L
eq
.
Example
V 10 5
A 2
5 1
12
= =
=
+
= = =
i v
R
v
i i
C
L
Find i, i
L
, v
C
.
A capacitor is open circuit to dc.
An Inductor is short circuit to dc.

Summary
N 3 2 1 eq
3 2 1 eq
N 3 2 1 eq
1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1
L L L L L
C C C C C
R R R R R
N
+ + + + =
+ + + + =
+ + + + =
Parallel connections
N
N
L L L L L
C C C C C
R R R R R
+ + + + =
+ + + + =
+ + + + =
3 2 1 eq
N 3 2 1 eq
3 2 1 eq
1 1 1 1 1
Series connections