MASALAH GIZI DALAM

KELUARGA
Dr. Sri Kardjati

HOST (manusia)
KELUARGA
AYAH, IBU, ANAK, KERABAT, PEMBANTU

TINGKAT KERAWANAN ??

MASALAH GIZI

STATUS GIZI Asupan MAKAN

HEALTH STATUS

PENYAKIT

GIZI KURANG
ASUPAN KURANG

SAKIT
TB, MALARIA, CACING

KETERSEDIAAN

PASOKAN -

AIR BERSIH SANITASI RUMAH

DISTRIBUSI

The Conceptual Framework

Ref: Explaining Child Malnutrition in Developing Countries . A cross-Country Analysis. IFPRI, Research Report 2000.

KELOMPOK RAWAN GIZI

FAKTOR:
1. 2. 3. 4. JUMLAH PERSEDIAAN JUMLAH KONSUMEN PENGETAHUAN & SADAR GIZI KONDISI KESEHATAN

URUTAN KERAWANAN SECARA BIOLOGIK:

1. 2. 3. BALITA PEREMPUAN HAMIL & LAKTASI PEKERJA MISKIN

keluarga

Estimated Contributions of Underlying determinant variables to reduction of child malnutrition in developing countries, 19701995.
45% 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0%
Ef: IFPRI Cross-Country Child Malnutrition Determinants Data Set, 1997/1998

Women's Educ Nat Food Av Health En Women's Status

Distribution of 11.6 million deaths among children less than 5 years old in all developing countries, 1995
Malaria* 5% Other 32% Diarrhoea* 19% Malnutrition* 54% Measles* 7%

* Approximately 70% of all childhood deaths are associated with one or more of these 5 conditions

Perinatal 18%

AcuteRespiratory Respiratory Acute Infections 19%(ARI)* 19%

Based on data taken from The Global Burden of Disease 1996 , edited by Murray CJL and Lopez AD, and Epidemiologic evidence for a potentiating effect of malnutrition on child mortality , Pelletier DL, Frongillo EA and Habicht JP, AmJ Public Health 1993;83:1130-1133

DIAGRAM MALNUTRISI

The Trends
Trends in Prevalence of Stunting , 1980-2005
60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Africa Asia Latin America and Caribbean UN Regions All developing Countries 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Prevalence in %

Source: 4th RWNS, ACC/SCN 2000

The Actual Numbers

Number of Stunted Children, 1980-2005
250 200 150 100 50 0 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Millions

Africa

Asia

Latin America and Caribbean UN Regions

All developing Countries

Source: 4th RWNS, ACC/SCN, 2000

PEREMPUAN

PEREMPUAN

ANEMIA
PERUBAHAN CAD. BESI TUBUH

KRITERIA ANAEMIA Subject

Hb (< g/dl) PCV (<%)

Adult male 13 Adult female: non-pregnant 12 pregnant female 11 Child 6 bl-6 th 11 Child 6 -14 th 12 Source: WHO, 1975a.

42

36 30 32 32

PEREMPUAN

MORTALITAS vs IMT

Klassifikasi KEK ~ IMT

< 16.0 16.0 - 17.0 17.0 - 18.5 18.5 - 20.0 20.0 - 30.0 >30.0 KEK Grade III (Severe) KEK Grade II (Moderate) KEK Grade I (Mild) Low Weight (Normal) Normal Obese Grade II

Source: Ferro-Luzzi et al. (1988)

IMT vs JENIS PEKERJAAN

GAMBARAN PADA ANAK

SPEKTRUM STATUS GIZI PADA ANAK

GEJALA KLINIK

GIZI BURUK
Klasifikasi gizi buruk menurut Wellcome % baku BB/U 60-80 <60 Oedema present Kwashiorkor Marasmic kwashiorkor Oedema absent Undernourishment Nutritional marasmus

The Gomez Klasifikasi Gomez berdasar baku BB/U

Klasifikasi Normal Grade I (mild malnutrition) Grade II (moderate malnutrition) Grade IIIa (severe malnutrition) % BB/U >90 75-89.9 60-74.9 <<60

STATUS GIZI DIETARY INTAKE

HEALTH STATUS

CHILD CARE
(IBU/Pengasuh) Resources for food security
Cash income Food production Food transfers

Control Of resources + Autonomy Physical/mental Status Knowledge + belief

Resources for Care

Percent reduction in prevalence of underweight due to 5% per capita income growth rates to 2020
50

40
30 20 10 0

Source: IFPRI Annual report 1999-2000