Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
La introduccin del HAART ha visto la emergencia de varias complicaciones denominadas: sndrome inflamatorio de reconstitucin inmune: vitritis por CMV, linfadenitis MAC, respuesta paradjica al tratamiento para tuberculosis, y exacerbacin de criptococosis.
SIDA definido por el CDC Sntomas y signos relacionados al VIH contaje de CD4 <350 cells/mm3* Carga viral VIH (RT-PCR or bDNA) >100.000 copies/Ml Embarazadas infectadas con el VIH Exposicin ocupacional y no ocupacional al VIH (Profilaxis)
Ana Carvajal
Consenso de expertos.2004 Pgina de la Sociedad Venezolana de Infectologa
www.svinfectologia.org
Abacavir (Ziagen) Emtricitabine + Tenofovir DF (Truvada) Didanosine (Videx, ddI) Emtricitabine (Emtriva, FTC) Abacavir + Lamivudine (Epzicom) Stavudine (Zerit, d4T) Tenofovir DF (Viread) Zalcitabine (Hivid, ddC) Zidovudine (Retrovir, AZT, ZDV)
Amprenavir (Agenerase) Atazanavir (Reyataz) Fosamprenavir (Lexiva, 908) Indinavir (Crixivan) Lopinavir+Ritonavir (Kaletra) Nelfinavir (Viracept) Ritonavir (Norvir) Saquinavir (Fortovase, Invirase)
Approximately 100 mutations at 50 different positions in reverse transcriptase (RT) and protease have been shown to cause or contribute to drug resistance. These mutations emerge in complex patterns and may have synergistic or antagonistic interactions.
Because clinicians cannot be expected to know all there is to know but also an accompanying interpretation.
Highlights of the 12th International HIV Drug Resistance Workshop June 10 - 13, 2003, Los Cabos, Mexico
Genotyping
Detects drug resistance mutations in specific genes, e.g., reverse transcriptase and protease Sequencing or probing Results within 1-2 weeks Interpretation of mutations and crossresistance is complex Consultation with specialists is recommended
Phenotyping
Measures the ability of viruses to grow in various concentrations of antiretroviral drugs Results within 2-3 weeks More expensive than genotyping The ratio of the IC50s of the test and reference viruses is reported as the fold increase in IC50, or fold resistance Interpretation may be complex Consultation with specialists is recommended
http://hivdb.stanford.edu/modules/lookUpFiles/pdf/GenotypicResistanc e.pdf
Droga
Dosis
300 mgs BID 400 mgs/da
Efectos alimentos
Ninguno
Zidovudine
AZT, ZDV
Didanosina
DDI
Videx
Zalcitabina
DDC
Hivic
Staduvine
D4T
Zerit
Droga
Dosis
300 mgs BID
Efectos alimentos
Ninguno
Lamivudine
Abacavir Tenofovir
Lamivudine/ Zidovudine
Ziagen
Disminuye abs 55 % .
Combivir
ninguno
Droga Delavirdine
Nombre Comercial
Rescriptor
Presentac.
Dosis
Efectos alimentos
Separar dosis DDI,antiac. Ninguno
Nevirapina
Viramune
Efavirenz
Stocrim Sustiva
Droga*
Delavirdine
Biodisp Oral
85%
Vida Srica
5.8 hrs
Eliminacin
Efectos adversos
Rash transaminasas cefalea Rash hepatitis transaminasas
Nevirapina**
> de 90 %
25-30 hrs
40 -55 hrs
* Todas son categora C ,CLASIFICACIN (FDA) del embarazo, Efavirenz reclasificado categora D ** La nica aprobada para ser usada en el embarazo: Nevirapine
Droga
N com
Presentac
Dosis
Efectos Adversos*
Indinavir
Crixivan
400 mgs tid Litiasis, ictericia, GI hiperglicemia, transaminasas, 1200 mgs bid Diarrea,hiperglicemia,
Nelfinavir
Viracept
Tab 250 mgs Cap 133/33 200-mg gel blandas 50-, 150-mg capsules
400/100 bid Diarrea,Astenia, aumento de triglicridos 1200 mg tid GI,cefalea, hiperglicemia aumento transaminasas 1200 mg bid for capsules 600 mgs bid 200 mg 1 vez /da GI,rash,parestesia oral,aumento de transaminasas Diarrea,GI,hepatitis,pancreatitis Hiperbilirrubinemia,GI, mnimo impacto sobre lpidos
Ritonavir** Atazanavir
Norvir Reyataz
Droga
Indinavir Nelfinavir Lopinavir/Rit onavir Saquinavir
Biodisp Oral
65 % 20-80 % No disponible No disponible No disponible
Efectos alimentos
Disminucin absorcin 77 %
Vida media
1.5-2
Eliminacin
P450 cytochrome 3A4 inhibitor P450 cytochrome 3A4 inhibitor P450 cytochrome 3A4 inhibitor
Aumento de los 3.5-5 niveles hrs Tomar con los alimentos Tomar 2 hrs despus Puede ser tomado con o sin alimentos Tomar con los alimentos Tomar con la comida ,evitar aa 1-2 hrs
Amprenavir
Ritonavir** Atazanavir
No disponible
Didanosine + stavudine Stavudine + zidovudine Zalcitabine + stavudine; zalcitabine + didanosine; zalcitabine + lamivudine
Antiretroviral
Efavirenz in pregnancy and in women with high potential for pregnancy* Nevirapine initiation in women with CD4 >250 cells/mm3 or men with CD4 >400 cells/mm3
* Women with high pregnancy potential are those who are trying to conceive or who are not using effective and consistent contraception.
En frica, el 80 por ciento de los pacientes de tuberculosis estn tambin infectados por el virus VIH.
TTO simplificado
Lipodistrofia y VIH
Cidofovir, cotrimoxazole, cytotoxic chemotherapy, dapsone, flucytosine, ganciclovir, hydroxyurea, interferon- primaquine, pyrimethamine, ZDV
Pancreatitis
Neuropata Perifrica
Nefrotoxicidad
Hepatotoxicidad
delavirdine, efavirenz, fluconazole, isoniazid, itraconazole, ketoconazole, nevirapine, NRTIs, protease inhibitors, rifabutin, rifampin
-Preservacin y/o restauracin de la funcin inmunolgica -Mejora de la calidad de vida y aumento de la sobrevida. -Supresin de la replicacin viral -Posible disminucin del riesgo de transmisin viral (incluyendo la transmisin vertical)
Gracias.......