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Dr. Holbert February 6, 2006
ECE201 Lect-6
Introduction
For analysis, series resistors/impedances can be replaced by an equivalent resistor/ impedance. Parallel resistors/impedances can be replaced by an equivalent resistor/ impedance.
ECE201 Lect-6
Introduction
Complicated networks of resistors/ impedances can be replaced by a single equivalent resistor/impedance.
ECE201 Lect-6
Equivalent Resistance
i(t) +
i(t)
+ Req v(t)
v(t)
Req is equivalent to the resistor network on the left in the sense that they have the same i-v characteristics.
ECE201 Lect-6 4
Equivalent Resistance
The rest of the circuit cannot tell whether the resistor network or the equivalent resistor is connected to it. The equivalent resistance cannot be used to find voltages or currents internal to the resistor network.
ECE201 Lect-6
Equivalent Impedance
I +
I
+ Zeq V
Zeq is equivalent to the network on the left in the sense that they have the same phasor I-V characteristics at the frequency w.
ECE201 Lect-6 6
Series Resistance
R1 R2 Req
R3
Req = R1 + R2 + R3
ECE201 Lect-6 7
Series
Two elements are in series if the current that flows through one must also flow through the other.
Series
R1 R2
Not Series
R1 R2
ECE201 Lect-6 8
Series Impedance
Z1 Z2 Z3 Zeq
Zeq = Z1 + Z2 + Z3
ECE201 Lect-6 9
L1
L2
ECE201 Lect-6
10
Series Inductors
The equivalent impedance is Zeq = Z1 + Z2 = jw(L1+L2) Two inductors in series are equivalent to a single inductor whose inductance is the sum of the two inductances. Zeq = jw(L1+L2) = jwLeq
ECE201 Lect-6
11
Parallel Resistance
R1 R2 R3 Req
1 1 1 1 Req R1 R2 R3
ECE201 Lect-6 12
Parallel
Two elements are in parallel if they are connected between (share) the same two (distinct) end nodes.
R1 R2 R1 R2
ECE201 Lect-6 13
Parallel
Not Parallel
Parallel Impedance
Z1 Z2 Z3 Zeq
1 1 1 1 Z eq Z1 Z 2 Z 3
ECE201 Lect-6 14
C1
C2
ECE201 Lect-6
15
Parallel Capacitors
The equivalent impedance is 1 1 1 jw C1 jw C2 Z eq Z1 Z 2
1 Z eq jw C1 C2 Two capacitors in parallel are equivalent to a single capacitor whose capacitance is the sum of the two capacitances.
ECE201 Lect-6 16
2kW
2kW
1kW
1kW
ECE201 Lect-6
17
Compute Impedances
10W -j455W j455W
Bandpass Filter
10W j455W 455.1W 88.7
-j455W
Bandpass Filter
j 455 10 j 455 20 .7kW 1.3 j 455 10 j 455
ECE201 Lect-6
21
Class Examples
Learning Extension E2.12 Learning Extension E2.13
Learning Extension E8.10
ECE201 Lect-6
23