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REL chart
Flow analysis tends to relate various activities on some quantitative basis (refer Travel chart). Typically, the relationship is expressed as a function of transport cost or material handling cost. There might be other qualitative aspects of layout design that might be important. The activity relationship chart (REL chart) was developed to facilitate the consideration of qualitative factors analytically! The REL chart replaces the numbers in the Travel chart by a qualitative closeness rating.
REL chart
All pairs of relationships are evaluated, and a closeness rating (A, E, I, O, U, and X) is assigned to each pair. When evaluating activity relationships for N activities, there are N(N-1)/2 such evaluations. With the exception of U rating, the reason for the assigned rating is indicated using a numeric code. Closeness ratings represent an ordered preference for closeness. Specifically, A and X ratings are considered to be most important ratings. Hence, any layout must satisfy A and X ratings. Thus, A and X > E > I > O > U , where > means more important or higher ranking than.
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REL chart
A: Absolutely necessary E: Especially important I: Important O: Ordinary closeness OK U: Unimportant X: Undesirable
REL chart
Assignment of the closeness rating is subjective. Rule of thumb: Very few A and X relationships should be assigned. (no more than 5% of the closeness ratings to be an A and X). No more than 10% should be an E. No more than 15% to be an I. No more than 20% to be an O. Which means that about 50% of the relationships should be U.
Hierarchical approach
Block plans, or block layouts are developed first by determining the sizes, shapes and relative locations of departments or other designated activities. Next, detailed layouts are designed for each department. Thus different REL charts are needed for designing block plans and detailed layouts. The process of constructing an activity relationship chart can be complicated by the presence of multiple relationships that will influence the design of the layout.
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Hence if more than 10 departments are involved, planarity will not exist if all A, E, I, and O relationships must be satisfied via adjacency.
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Designing a layout
After the block layout is ready, estimate is made of the space requirements. This includes space required for machines, equipments, products. Estimation of human resources needed is made based on the number of machines operated and production rate. Then, space relationship diagrams are made.
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Layout design
It has to be noted that if the favorable factors dont lend themselves for quantification, it is very difficult to calculate the utility of a layout using a computer software. How do you measure flexibility of a layout against another? So some form of quantifiable function is used in most of the algorithms.
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Adjacency-based rating
The layout score is computed as:
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s wi X i
i 1
where, Xi is the number of adjacencies in class i, and wi is the weighting factor for class i.
Typical weights: A (64), E(16), I(4), O(1), U(0) and X(-1024) Larger the score, better is the layout.
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Distance-based scoring
The scoring model for m activities:
m 1
i 1 j i 1
c D
ij
ij
Cij is the cost per unit distance of flow between activities i and j. (same as i-to-j and j-to-i) Dij is the distance between activities i and j.
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