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CHAPTER 7: SALTS
Salts are compounds that have hundreds of different uses in everyday life.
Aluminium sulfate is added to dyes to help them stick to fibres Ammonium nitrate is used as fertilisers to help crops grow well Copper sulfate is used to stop fungal growth on soya seeds when they are planted
Magnesium carbonate is used in sports to make hands dry, so they do not slip
Calcium sulfate is used to make blackboard chalk
Uses of salts
Sodium chloride is used to preserve food and as table salt to flavour food
Salts are formed when the hydrogen in an acid is replaced by a metal or ammonium.
Name of acid Hydrochloric acid Sulfuric acid Nitric acid Formula HCI H2SO4 HNO3 Salts formed from the acid Chlorides Sulfates Nitrates Example of salt Sodium chloride Copper sulfate Potassium nitrate Formula of salt NaCI CuSO4 KNO3
Salts can be prepared by reacting metals with acids. The general word equation for the reaction of metals with acid: Acid + Metal Salt + Hydrogen
The word equation for the reaction between zinc and hydrochloric acid: Zinc + Hydrochloric Zinc + Hydrogen acid chloride To obtain a dry sample of the salt, you must allow the water to evaporate from the salt solution.
Unreactive metals such as silver and copper will not react with acids. This is because these metals cannot displace hydrogen from an acid. To make salt from unreactive metals, the metal oxides of the metals are used to react with acids.
Filter paper
Bunsen burner
Carbonates are formed by the reaction of a metal with carbonic acid. Carbonates can be used to form other salts by reacting them with an acid.
The general word equation for the reaction between acids and carbonates: Acid + Carbonate Salt + Water + Carbon dioxide The word equation for the reaction between sulfuric acid and calcium carbonate: Sulfuric + Calcium Calcium+Water+Carbon acid carbonate sulfate dioxide
Funnel
Evaporating dish
Copper chloride solution
Bunsen burner
Salts are formed when an acid is neutralised by an alkali. The general word equation for neutralisation reaction: Acid + Alkali Salt + Water
The word equation for the reaction between sodium hydroxide solution and hydrochloric acid: Sodium + Hydrochloric Sodium + Water hydroxide acid chloride
Metal oxides are called bases. Soluble bases form alkalis when they dissolve in water. The word equation for the formation of alkali when sodium oxide dissolve in water: Sodium oxide + Water Sodium hydroxide
Some bases are insoluble in water, for example, iron oxide and copper oxide. They do not form alkalis. However they can still react with acids to form salts. The word equation for the reaction between copper oxide and sulfuric acid: Copper + Sulfuric Copper + Water oxide acid sulfate