Section 5.5 Free Body Diagrams

Section 5.
Free body diagrams

• Bodies connected by string
• Motion on an inclined plane
• Motion with a change in direction
• Forces in equilibrium
© Manhattan Press (H.K.) Ltd. 1
5.5 Free body diagram (SB p. 84)
Free body diagrams
F1 F2
F3
F4
Free body diagram

— indicate all the forces acting on a body

Bodies connected by string
Free body diagram:
• R – reaction force
• T – tension in string Consider net force in
• mg – weight vertical and horizontal
• F – external force directions
(1) Vertical direction
no motion
Consider m1 R1 = m1g
Consider m2 R2 = m2g

Horizontal direction
(2) Horizontal direction: Not equilibrium
By F = ma
Consider m1 T = m1a
Consider m2 F - T = m2a
The string is stretched,
a of m1 and m2 are the same
Bodies connected by string
The boxes as a whole system:
F = (m1 + m2 + m3) a

Example 2:
Two blocks A and B connected by a string are moving on a

smooth horizontal surface as shown in Fig. (a). Block A is
pulled by a force of 10 N.
Fig. (a)
(a) Find the tension in the string and the acceleration of the
blocks.
Solut
© Manhattan Press (H.K.) Ltd. ion 7
Example 2: (Cont)
Let a and T be the acceleration of blocks and tension in the string

respectively.
(a) By Newton's second law of motion, F = ma,
Consider block A, 10 − T = 1 × a .................... (1)
Consider block B, T = 4 × a .................... (2)
Solve (1) and (2), we have T = 8 N and a = 2 m s−2.

Example 2: (Cont)
(b) If the positions of block A and block B are exchanged, and
block B is pulled by a force of 10 N towards right. Find
their acceleration and the tension in the string. Solut
ion
Since the total forces acting on the blocks (10 N) and

their masses remain the same, a does not change and
is equal to 2 m s−2.
Consider block A, T = ma
=1× 2
=2N
Motion on an inclined plane
Free body diagram:

CAL
Workshop 2
y
Motion on a
frictionless
inclined plane
Consider net force direction (parallel

and perpendicular to the plane)
The block is stationary
no net force
y
x: Wx − f = 0
y: Wy − R = 0
The block slides down
y (i) In x direction
(parallel to plane),
Force acting
x
on the body (F ) = ma
mg sin θ − f = ma
mg sin θ − f
a=
m

The block slides down
y
(ii) in y direction
(perpendicular to plane),
F = ma
x
R − mg cosθ = 0
∴ R = mg
cosθ

Class Practice 4:
4
Find the unknown forces (W and Wy) in the figure.
Ans
wer
Wx = W sin25o
15
= 35.5 N
W = ___________________________
sin25o
W cos25o
= 32.2 N
Wy = ___________________________

Example 3:
A trolley of mass 0.6 kg runs down a friction-compensated

runway at a constant speed as shown in Fig. (a).
Fig. (a)
(a) Find the friction (f ) acting on the trolley.

Solut
ion
Example 3: (Cont)
(a) The forces acting on the trolley along the direction of motion are
shown in Fig. (b).
Fig. (b)
When the trolley runs down the friction-compensated runway, its

speed is constant, hence a = 0 m s−2. The net force acting on the
trolley is zero. By F = mg sinθ − f
0 = mg sinθ − f
f = mg sin 5°
= 0.6 × 10 × sin 5°
= 0.52 N

Example 3: (Cont)
(b) If the trolley is then pulled by a force (T ) of 3 N along the
runway, find the acceleration of the trolley. Assume that
the friction remains the same. Solut
ion when it is pulled by a
Fig. (c) shows the forces acting on the trolley
force (T ) of 3 N.
Fig. (c)
As it is a friction-compensated runway, the component mg sinθ is

balanced by f . Therefore, only the pulling force 3 N is exerted on
the trolley. By F = ma
a=F/m
= 3 / 0.6
∴ a = 5 m s−2
Class Practice 5:
5
A trolley of mass 1 kg runs down a runway with an

acceleration of 0.2 m s−2 as shown in the figure.
(a) Find the friction acting on the
trolley. Ans
mg sin θ − f = ma wer
1 x 10 x sin 25o 1x
___________ − f = __________
0.2 _
4.0
f = __________
3N _N

Class Practice 5 (Cont):

(Cont)
(b) Find the perpendicular force exerted on the trolley by

the runway.
Ans
wer
mg cos θ
R = _________________________
1 x 10 x cos25o
= _________________________
9.06 N
= _________________________

Motion with a change in direction
F acted to left,
-F = ma
a=- m F
mu
The trolley stops at t= F
By v = u + at After that, it moves towards left.
= u - Ft
m
Motion with a change in direction
when opposite force acting on object

⇒ may change direction

Example 4:
A 10-kg monkey hangs from the middle of a massless rope as

shown. If the rope is at rest, find the tension in the rope.
Solut
© Manhattan Press (H.K.) Ltd.
ion 22
Example 4: (Cont)
If the rope is at rest, the net forces acting on it in the directions of

x-axis and y-axis are zero. Resolve the forces in these two directions.
x component: T cosθ + (−T cosθ ) = 0

y component: T sinθ + T sinθ + (−mg) = 0
Consider y component, we have
2T sin15° − (10)(10) = 0
T = 193.2 N

Class Practice 6 :
A 18 kg bag is hung by two light ropes as shown. If the bag is
stationary, find the tension in the rope.
Consider y component, we have
2T sin θ − mg = 0
2T sin22o − (18)(10) = 0
T = 240.3 N
Ans
wer
To section 5.6

Section 5.5 Free Body Diagrams

Cargado por

Información del documento

Descripción original:

Derechos de autor

Formatos disponibles

Compartir este documento

Compartir o incrustar documentos

Opciones para compartir

¿Le pareció útil este documento?

¿Este contenido es inapropiado?

Copyright:

Formatos disponibles

Section 5.5 Free Body Diagrams

Cargado por

Copyright:

Formatos disponibles

Section 5.

Free body diagrams

Free body diagrams

Free body diagram

© Manhattan Press (H.K.) Ltd. 2

Bodies connected by string

Free body diagram:

(1) Vertical direction

© Manhattan Press (H.K.) Ltd. 4

(2) Horizontal direction: Not equilibrium

Bodies connected by string

The boxes as a whole system:

© Manhattan Press (H.K.) Ltd. 6

Two blocks A and B connected by a string are moving on a

Let a and T be the acceleration of blocks and tension in the string

© Manhattan Press (H.K.) Ltd. 8

Since the total forces acting on the blocks (10 N) and

Motion on an inclined plane

Free body diagram:

Consider net force direction (parallel

The block is stationary

The block slides down

© Manhattan Press (H.K.) Ltd. 12

The block slides down

© Manhattan Press (H.K.) Ltd. 13

Find the unknown forces (W and Wy) in the figure.

© Manhattan Press (H.K.) Ltd. 14

A trolley of mass 0.6 kg runs down a friction-compensated

(a) Find the friction (f ) acting on the trolley.

When the trolley runs down the friction-compensated runway, its

© Manhattan Press (H.K.) Ltd. 16

As it is a friction-compensated runway, the component mg sinθ is

A trolley of mass 1 kg runs down a runway with an

© Manhattan Press (H.K.) Ltd. 18

Class Practice 5 (Cont):

(b) Find the perpendicular force exerted on the trolley by

© Manhattan Press (H.K.) Ltd. 19

Motion with a change in direction

Motion with a change in direction

when opposite force acting on object

© Manhattan Press (H.K.) Ltd. 21

A 10-kg monkey hangs from the middle of a massless rope as

If the rope is at rest, the net forces acting on it in the directions of

x component: T cosθ + (−T cosθ ) = 0

© Manhattan Press (H.K.) Ltd. 23

© Manhattan Press (H.K.) Ltd. 25

También podría gustarte