Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
I. History
A.
Patients name.
B. Reason for
referral and source of referral C. Birth history : Where born, complications, term, birth weight, Apgar scores, feeding history, age at discharge, intensive care admissions, ventilator,dependence, hospitalizations
D. Maternal
history : prenatal care, unusual weight gain or loss, hypertension, infection (e.g., rubella), induction, mode and duration of delivery, use of anesthesia, intrapartum complications, expected and actual date of birth, alcoholism, diabetes, use of anticonvulsants, history of spontaneous abortion and other births, complications with other pregnancies, use of street drugs
E. Developmental
history
(developmental milestones)
Gross motor : rolling, sitting, crawling, walking Fine motor : pincer, drawing, stacking Social : play, dressing, helping Speech : words, sentences
I. History
F. Medical history : especially surgeries, interventions related to presenting problem, medications (especially related to seizures), bowel, bladder, behavior G. Therapy history : where, what kind, how much H. School history : school district, type of classroom (see Appendix D for different educational settings and referral plan for special education), plans for future, knowledge of system, level of education, success in school
I. History
I.
Functional history Eating : Orally? with utensils? what kind of treatment? weight gain? gastrostomy tube problems? choking while eating? Dressing : upper limbs, lower limbs, button and snaps, braces, ability to tie shoes Bathing : safety and accessibility in tub, tub seat Hygiene : who does it? What kinds of problems Mobility : how does child get around the house? school? mall? How does child travel in car? Adaptive equipment : braces, wheelchair, walker, cane, adaptive car seat (ask type, when and where obtained, reason for use) Communication : age-appropriated? Augmentative communication device?
I. History
J. Social history : family, vocation if out of school, source of income, type of home and accessibility K. Allergies L. Family history : history of diagnosis or problem ame as or related to patients M. Review of system : focus on swallowing difficulties, appetite, how long it takes to eat a meal, breathing difficulty, constitutional symptoms (weight gain or loss, fever, chills), nausea or vomiting, sleeping habits, seizures, pain, bowel and bladder control, constipation or loose stool, change in range of motion, change in strenght or sensation N. Vital signs
A. For younger children, do as much as you can by watching, playing, and having parents do things. B. Observe mobility, hand funtion, language, cognition, funcional strength, and range of motion. C. Have toys available, and avoid wearing the while coat. D. Assess weight, height, head circumference (see Appendix D for recording charts and normal values).
Treat the patient as a person, not a disgnosis. Recognize that parents are experts on their child. Explain what you are looking for and what you find. Be sensitive to the parents need for information. If you dont know, say so. Acknowledge their sense of urgency, and call back promptly. Be sensitive to how and what you write in the progress notes. Parents often read them, and they should match the tone and information that you conveyed at the visit. Be knowledgeable about free service and resources, such as early intervention and school program (authorized by federal law with funds passed from federal to state and local education agencies).
B. Functions of physical therapist (PT) To position child for functions : alignment, skin protection, cardiovascular status, nutrition, assessment of developmental level by caregiving and play. To prevent deformity : influence muscle length, manage tone, preserve joint integrity, prevent/reduce pain. To make sugsestions about mobility and adaptive devices based on level of function. To design task and manage environment : give choices, incorporate repetition, change as necessary.
F. Function of neuropsychologist To recognized and aid in confronting maladaptive issues relating to disability. To perform and analyze psychological assessment through testing, including tests for cognitive and intellectual function, adaptive behavior, psychosocial function, and neuropsychological testing (often used in brain injury).
Pyramidal
Extrapyramidal
Involuntary movements: Tone Type of tone Deep tendon reflexes : Clonus Contractures Primitive reflexes
(Spastic) (Dyskinetic) Rare Often Increased Alternating Spastic (clasped knife) Rigid(lead pipe) Increased Present Early Delayed Normal to increased Present occasionally Late Persisten
From Molnar GE, Alexander MA : Pediatric Rehabilitation. Philadelphia, Hanley & Belfus, 1999
Spastic triplegia Involves three extremities, classically bilateral lower and one upper extremity. Features similar to those of spastic quadriplegia.