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BY SAURABH DUBEY SHASHANK DUBEY VIKAS MISHRA VINEET MISHRA 1014131055 1014131061 1014131069 1014131070
November 29,2013
INTRODUCTION PRINCIPLE OTHER METHODS FOR DETECTING CABLE FAULT TYPES OF FAULTS OCCURING IN TRANSMISSION LINES BLOCK DIAGRAM SOFTWARE COMPONENT ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES APPLICATIONS ADVANCEMENT
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The objective of this project is to determine the distance of underground cable fault from base station in kilometers.
The underground cable system is a common practice followed in many urban areas.
While a fault occurs for some reason, at that time the repairing process
related to that particular cable is difficult due to not knowing the exact location of the cable fault. The proposed system is to find the exact
November 29,2013
The project uses the simple concept of OHMs law where a low DC voltage is applied at the feeder end through a series resistor. The current would vary depending upon the length of fault of the cable in case there is a short circuit of LL , 3L or LG etc.
The series resistor voltage drop changes accordingly which is then fed to an ADC to develop precise digital data which the programmed microcontroller would display the same in Kilo meters.
The project is assembled with a set of resistors representing cable length in KMs and fault creation is made by a slide switches at every known KM.
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Transient fault
Persistent fault
Symmetric fault
Asymmetric fault
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Keil Vision2 software are used in a proposed model. Vision IDE allow developers to create embedded applications using the keil development tool. It provides several development tools like :1. IDE (Integrated Development environment). 2. Project Manager. 3. Simulator. 4. Debugger. 5. C Cross Compiler , Assembler, Linker.
November 29,2013
TRANSFORMER
RECTIFIER
VOLTAGE REGULATOR ANALOG DIGITAL CONVERTOR(ADC0804)
8051 MICROCONTROLLER
RELAY LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY (LCD )
November 29,2013
COMPONENTS TRANSFORMER VOLTAGE REGULATOR 8051 MICROCONTROLLER ANALOG DIGITAL CONVERTOR RELAY LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY
RATINGS 0-12V Vo=5V TO 18V for Vin=35V Vo=24V for Vin=40V 4.0V to 5.5V Operating Range 0V to 5V analog input voltage range , 2.5V voltage reference 12V Single +5.0V supply operation
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A transformer is a static electrical device that transfers energy by inductive coupling between its winding circuits.
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A rectifier is an electronic device that changes alternating current into direct current. This process is called rectification.
In this project, The output from the transformer is fed to the rectifier. Which converts A.C. into pulsating D.C.
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A voltage regulator is designed to automatically maintain a constant voltage level. it may be used to regulate one or more AC or DC voltages. In this project the filtered dc coming from the rectifier is being unregulated, the voltage regulator (LM7805 ) is used for regulate it to get constant 5V DC. The regulated 5V DC is further filtered by a small electrolytic capacitor of 10F for any noise generated by the circuit and then apply to microcontroller for further processing.
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Analog to digital converters find huge application as an intermediate device to convert the signals from analog to digital form.
ADC0804 is a very commonly used 8-bit analog to digital convertor . It is a single channel IC i.e , it can take only one analog signal as input.
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AT89S52
A microcontroller is a small computer on a single integrated circuit containing a processor core, memory and programmable input/output peripherals. In this project the 8051 microcontroller AT89S52 is used. It is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller with 8k bytes of in-system programmable flash memory.
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Relays allow one circuit to switch a second circuit which can be completely separate from the first.
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Most common LCDs connected to the microcontrollers are 16x2 and 20x2
displays.
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This proposed model are applicable to all types of cables ranging from 1 kv to 500 kv.
Fault Detection method is simple and easy to maintain. Not specified training are required to use this model. Operator can easily differentiate between light and severe faults.
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Continuous observation of the operator are required. No direct detection of multiple faults.
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Further this project can be enhanced by using capacitor in an ac circuit to measure the impedance which can even locate the open circuited cable, unlike the short circuited fault only using resistors in DC circuit as followed in the above proposed project.
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Thank You
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Questions/ Queries
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