PsyWar and PsyOps Lessons and trends from Gulf/ Iraq War

Group 1 Team 3
1

Team Members
Maj Abdul Hasib LTC Duran Maj Prak Vannak Maj Isireli LTC Intal Maj Zaki Maj Clement

Maj Mohamed Maj Abu Bakar Maj Manizano

2

Introduction
AIM: To identify the lessons and trends on PsyWar and PsyOps in Gulf and Iraq Wars
SCOPE OF PRESENTATION Some necessary Information about PsyWar and PsyOps. PsyWar. PsyOps Conclusions and Lessons

Information About PsyWar/ PsyOps

Communication and Information (C4ISR) are to the 21st century of what coal and oil were in the 20th century PSYOPS is an integral part and a tool of the Information warfare In modern wars, it is important to take various PSYOPS measures, conduct PSYOPS and strike the En, protect and encourage own psychology so as win a greater victory at a smaller cost

Information About PsyWar/ PsyOps

For to win one hundred victories in one hundred battles is not the acme of skill. To subdue the enemy without fighting is the acme of skill. Sun Tzu When you know soldiers are trustworthy, dont let others alienate them. Sun Bin

Information About PsyWar/ PsyOps

Psychological War: The planned use of propaganda and other psychological actions having the primary purpose of influencing the opinions, emotions, attitudes, and behavior of hostile foreign groups in such a way as to support the achievement of national objectives. Psychological operations: are planned propaganda operations to convey selected information and indicators to foreign audiences to influence their emotions, motives, objective reasoning, and ultimately the behaviour of foreign governments, organisations, groups, and individuals

Information About PsyWar/ PsyOps

Social Communic ation, Propagand a and Publicity

Perception and Message

Target Audiences

PsyOps/ PsyWar

Information About PsyWar/ PsyOps

Social communication: is a field of study that primarily explores the ways information can be perceived, transmitted and understood, and the impact those ways will have on a society. Publicity: is the deliberate attempt to manage the public's perception of a subject. Its purpose is to modified a behaviour Propaganda: is a form of communication that is aimed at influencing the attitude of a community toward some cause or position so as to benefit oneself. Its purpose is to modified a belief and in consequence a behaviour.

Information About PsyWar/ PsyOps

Perception: is the process by which an organism attains awareness or understanding of its environment by organizing and interpreting sensory information. Message: is a persuasive subject or symbol aimed toward a target audience. Target Audience: a group of individuals with common objectives, demographic or geographic characteristics

Information About PsyWar/ PsyOps

Perception: is the process by which an organism attains awareness or understanding of its environment by organizing and interpreting sensory information. Message: is a persuasive subject or symbol aimed toward a target audience. Target Audience: a group of individuals with common objectives, demographic or geographic characteristics

Information About PsyWar/ PsyOps

Social Communication
Commercial Publicity

PsyWar
PsyOps Operational

Message
Subject Symbol

Institutions Publicity

PsyOps Tactical

Information About PsyWar/ PsyOps

White Propaganda: the stated source is the true source

Grey Propaganda: no stated source, is anonymous

Black Propaganda: the stated source is NOT the true source.

Psychological War in Gulf War

Side Target Audience UN US People Coalition Iraq Iraqi people Iraq Government US Arab People UN Message
Saddam is a danger for Democracy

Effect
The invasion legitimated the UN resolution

Coalition

Fight for liberty. Saddam a New Opportunity to Hitler. No VN overcome VN Kuwait liberation Saddam is a dictator, leave him. Just War against colonialism and Zionism The mother of All Battles Comparison with VN US defended the Zionist's interest. Holy war. Kuwait is part of Iraq Legitimacy No effects. Shiites, Kurds Keep the people together Affect some anti war groups No effect, even after fired Scud to Israel No effects. No legitimacy

Psychological Operations in Gulf War

Side Target Audience Message
Saddam is a dictator, dont die for Saddam, give up your weapons Leave Saddam and return to your family

Effect
87.000 POWs, most of them with coalition safe-conducts

Coalition

Iraqi Troops

Overwhelming power of coalition weapons

The main attack is from the sea Some divisions were hold defended shores

Iraq Government

Coalition troops
Iraqi Troops

The weather and the Iraqi troops kill them The mother of All Battles Comparison with VN Dont believe the coalition propaganda.

No effect No effect This only awakened the interest of Iraqi troops

Psychological Operations in Gulf War

Psychological Operations in Gulf War

Psychological War in Iraq War

OPSIC USA The Bunker Mission. One PsyOps team attached to 101 Airborne Div The advance was stopped by the stubborn resistance of a fortified Iraqi position. It was attacked and shelled for 4 hours without results The PsyOps team thrown leaflets and broadcasted by loudspeakers after that 435 Iraqi soldiers become POW.

Psychological War in Iraq War

Side Target Audience UN US People Allied Coalition Iraqi People Iraqi people Iraq Government US Arab People UN Message
Saddam is a danger because he has WMD Saddam supports terrorists Democracy and Freedom for Iraqi people Saddam is a dictator, leave him. Just War against colonialism and Zionism The mother of All Battles Comparison with VN US defended the Zionist's interest. Holy war.

Effect
No WMD, no effect, no legitimating Opportunity to overcome 11S Legitimacy Great effects in Kurds Keep the people together Affect some anti war groups Almost all Arabs nations against US

No Right to intervene in internal No UNSC resolution affairs. No WMD

Psychological War in Iraq War

Michael Prysner denounced many US war crimes and Capitalism flaws . Looking for him in internet we know: Hes running for a political appointment He was a radar operator and never was in battle

Psychological War in Iraq War

The message of Abu Ghraib was The americans do the same as Saddam did. It represents a serious defeat for US PsyWar

Psychological War in Iraq War

Embedded journalism refers to news reporters being attached to military units involved in armed conflicts. Mutual understanding of two cultures, the military (to hide information) and the journalist (to share information). A Journalist saidWe were a propaganda arm of our governments. At the start the censors enforced that, but by the end we were our own censors. We were cheerleaders.

Psychological War in Iraq War

Support our soldiers who risk their lives. The army included men and women and of all races. All defend the country. It omits to make references to the Bush administration

Psychological Operations in Iraq War (before Bagdad)

Side Target Audience
Iraqi Troops

Message
Saddam is a dictator, dont die for Saddam, give up your weapons Leave Saddam and return to your family Overwhelming power of coalition weapons Troops who employ WMD should be punished

Effect
No many POWs. Iraqi troops fought for their homeland

Coalition

No WMD

Iraqi People

Dont interfere with coalition Not interference. operations Support of Kurds Overthrow Saddam
NSTR

Iraq Government

Coalition troops

Iraqi Troops

NSTR

Psychological Operations in Iraq War

Psychological Operations in Iraq War

Psychological Operations in Iraq War

Psychological Operations in Iraq War (After Bagdad)

Side Target Audience
Iraqi resistance Coalition Iraqi People

Message
Terrorist should be killed Zarqawi fight for his own interest Dont support terrorist. Terrorism prevent the rebuilding Recruitment campaign for new Iraqi Army Bloody and protracted war

Effect
Terrorist and civilians were killed Roughly successful

Coalition troops Iraqi Resistance Iraqi People

Some countries withdraw their troops It was make easier thanks the collateral damage

Recruitment. Civilian resistance

Psychological Operations in Iraq War

Psychological Operations in Iraq War

Psychological Operations in Iraq War

Lessons
The 1991 Gulf War (US Army PSYOPS) Try to win domestic and international support and create conditions for the legal mil actions Show off military power and create psychological deterrence Create a psychological shock by means of continuous and intensive military strike Launch propaganda warfare to disintegrate the moral of the En Coalition forces worked extensively with Saudi, Kuwaiti, and other partners, to be sure psychological operations were culturally and linguistically appropriate. Psychological Operations was extremely valuable during the Gulf War due to the Iraqi military's desire to avoid combat. Through leaflets and loudspeaker broadcasts, PSYOP forces walked many enemy soldiers through successful surrender.

Lessons
The 1991 Gulf War (Iraq PSYOPS) Utilized the national and religious contradiction to launch a Holy War against the US Utilized the contradiction bet the Arabic countries and Israel to disintegrate the antiIraq alliance

Lessons

PSYOPS WAR FARE

OF IRAQ ARMY

Take advantage of hostage and chemical weapons issues to launch psychological deterrence warfare (War Crime)

Lessons
Iraq War 2003 (US Army PSYOPS) Subdue the En without fighting Win maximum success at min cost

Lessons
Iraq War 2003
Arguably the most visible image of the 2003 invasion of Iraq was the toppling of a statue of Saddam Hussein in Firdos Square in central Baghdad. While media coverage of the event, at first glance, gave the impression that the act was a spontaneous action of the citizens of the city, it was actually an idea hatched by an Army psychological operations team. Allegations surfaced that the group of people surrounding the statue and cheering was in fact smaller than it was made out to be in the official story, and that the group were by some accounts not local to the area but were instead brought in by the military for the specific purpose of watching and lending credence to the planned toppling. PSYOPS conducted in the Iraq War resulted in approximately 40 percent of the Iraqi Force either laid down their arms or deserted.

Lessons
The 2003 Iraq War (Iraq Army PSYOPS) Saddams live TV interview to counter US PSYOPS Exposure of the US captives Broadcast news to make a psychological competition in public opinions

Lessons
Just war To gain support from the world community. The need to demoralize the enemy. The need to counter enemys PsyOps. The need to have our own broadcast or satellite. The importance of controlling the Media. To have good relationship with Media.

Conclusions
The current goals for PsyWar are: to break enemy cohesion and the credibility and legitimacy of the source. In PsyOps, propaganda is the rifle and messages are bullets. The Information technology helps more in PsyWar than PsyOps. In the battlefield soldiers in foxholes have not internet, so the leaflets, loudspeakers and face to face are useful. Black and Gray propaganda are very difficult in information technology environment.

Conclusions
Lack of strong values in target audiences make easy the PsyOps. So, is not worth to make counterpropaganda. Is better to enforce the values of troops and to give reasons to fight. Counter propaganda culture: ever time you are object of Enemy propaganda you must ask yourself Who said and Why said it. You never lie in PsyOps, you only could manipulate the true. The assessment of the perception in different cultures y the main flaw in US PsyOps Every Military action has a, desirable or not desirable, psychological effect. However, in asymmetric warfare, the resistance actions are planned to has a psychological effect whatever are the nature of them.

Conclusions
In PsyOps, If you are predictable, you are boring and your propaganda is easy to defeat.

Viet Nam War

Gulf and Iraq Wars

Kosovo War

Conclusions
In PsyOps, If yours messages are contradictory you lost credibility.

.So, It is or not the only Pic??

Conclusions
PsyOps product are not Big Macs, this products depends of each culture and some creativity is not a bad idea.

Haiti PsyOps

Gulf PsyOps