Transmission media is the way in which information is transmitted from one location to another.

It is sometimes referred to as communication media as well. In computer communications there are two basic types of transmission media.

GUIDED MEDIA
Twisted pair cable
Unshielded twisted pair cable(UTP) Shielded twisted pair cable(STP)

Coaxial cable Fiber optic cable

UNGUIDED

MEDIA

Radio wave Infrared microwave

twisted pair cable consists of two insulated copper wire arrange in a regular spiral pattern. The twisting tends to decrease the cross talk interference between adjacent pair in cable. Twisted pair cable may be used to transmit both analog and digital transmission. Twisted pair is limited in distance, bandwidth and data rates

 Ordinary Easiest

Cheapest

telephone wire

to install Suffer from external EM interference

Insulator

Metal

Metal braid or sheathing that reduce interference More expensive Easiest to install Harder to handle(Thick and heavy)

Coaxial cable consist the following layers in its construction The copper conductor Insulation layer of plastic foam Second conductor or shield of wire mesh tube or metallic foil Outer jacket of tough plastic Coaxial can be used over longer distances and support more stations on a shared line than twisted pair

 Fiber

optic cable is known as most sophisticated cable used in long distance network connection. Through this cable data transmission is done through light ray single transmission. It has inner core of glass that conducts light This inner core is surrounded by cladding

Unguided media relates to data transmission through the air and is commonly referred to as wireless. The transmission and reception of data is carried out using antenna. Directional (in a beam) Omnidirectional (all around)

Radio Wave

Radio waves are a type of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths in the electromagnetic spectrum longer than infrared light. Radio waves have frequencies from 300 GHz to as low as 3 kHz, and corresponding wavelengths ranging from 1 millimeter (0.039 in) to 100 kilometers (62 mi). Like all other electromagnetic waves, they travel at the speed of light

 Microwave

Microwave transmission also requires line of sight in order to work properly. In order to allow two way communications two frequencies are used. However, this does not mean that there has to be two antennas because the frequencies can be dealt with by one antenna at both ends. The distance covered by microwave signals is based upon the height of the antenna. In order to increase this coverage each antenna has a built-in repeater that regenerates the signal before passing it on to the next antenna in line. The placement of the antenna to do this is approximately 25 miles.

Infrared light transmissions have existed for many years and their use having been limited to TV remote controls and wireless slide projector remote controls. Infrared systems use the infrared light spectrum to send a focused light beam to a receiver, much, as would a microwave system

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