THE EFFECT OF HEART RATE VARIABILITY BIOFEEDBACK ON PERFORMANCE PSYCHOLOGY OF BASKETBALL PLAYERS

Maman Paul Kanupriya Garg Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback (2012) 37:131144

Present By : Mr.Araya Thimlamom 56910124

INTRODUCTION
Heart Rate Variability Heart rate variability (HRV) refers to the waveform of beat to beat changes in the duration of RR intervals (RRIs) (Lagos et al. 2008). HRV analysis represents the most reliable and quantitative assessment of autonomic nervous system functioning(Sutarto et al. 2010).

INTRODUCTION(CONT.)
Techniques for Stress Management A variety of relaxation techniques exist in the field of sport psychology for management of stress. The psychophysiological symptoms of stress

can also be relieved by cognitive training which

includes positive self talk, mental rehearsal, mental imagery and visuo motor behavior rehearsal therapy (Lagos et al. 2008).

OBJECTIVE
The current study is an attempt to

further explore the effectiveness of HRV

BFB on performance skills of anxious basketball players.

METHODOLOGY
Participants and Study Design 30 basketball players (Male = 17, Female = 13) ranging in age from 18-28 years (21.13 2.82 years) The participants were randomly assigned into three equal groups (N = 10)

METHODOLOGY(CONT.)
Experimental Group received Heart rate

variability (HRV) biofeedback training (Male = 8,

Female = 2;Mean Age: 21.1 years) Placebo Group was shown motivational basketball visual clips (Male = 2, Female = 8; Mean Age:20.6)

Control Group (No Treatment) did not

receive any training (Male = 7, Female = 3; Mean Age:21.7 years).

METHODOLOGY(CONT.)

Psychological Measures
Anxiety was measured by STAI: It is an instrument used for identifying anxiety in adults. This questionnaire consists of two sets of 20 items each that are answered on a

4-point Likert scale.

METHODOLOGY(CONT.)
Psychological Measures(cont.)

The first subscale measures state anxiety, and

the second measures trait anxiety. The testretest correlations for A- Trait scale ranges from 0.73 to 0.86 and 0.16 to 0.54 for AState scale. The reliability coefficient for A-trait

ranges from 0.86 to 0.92 and 0.83 to 0.92 for Astate scale (Spielberger et al. 1970)

METHODOLOGY(CONT.)
Psychological Measures(cont.) Self-Efficacy was measured by coping selfefficacy scale (CSES): It is a 26-item measure, with three higher order dimensions: use

problem-focused coping, stop unpleasant

emotions and thoughts, and get support from family and friends.

METHODOLOGY(CONT.)
Physiological Measures

Heart rate variability and respiration rate were

measured with the utilization of electrodes and a respiration strap connected to an encoder. These measures were recorded into a computer and analyzed by a specialized BFB

software program (Biograph Procomp Infiniti

5.0 Thought technology Ltd., Canada)

METHODOLOGY(CONT.)
Dribbling Test
The dribbling test was part of the Harrison Basketball Battery. It involves weaving in and around cones continuously for 30s while dribbling the ball. Each cone successfully passed

earned one point. The test retest reliability

coefficient of battery is 0.95 (Barrow and McGee 1979).

METHODOLOGY(CONT.)
Passing Test
The Stubbs Ball Handling Test was utilized. On a vertical flat wall, three adjacent circles each one 30 cm in diameter were drawn at a distance of 160 cm from each other. The first

circle was drawn at 151cm above the floor, the

second at 121 cm, and the third circle at 136 cm above the floor.

METHODOLOGY(CONT.)
Shooting Test A 3-min shooting test was used. The participant was asked to execute as many

shots as possible from any position on a

marked perimeter of 366 cm radius from the hoop for 90 s. The participant was responsible for shooting and retrieving the ball himself.

METHODOLOGY(CONT.)
Protocol Group A: Experimental Group The subject sat with closed eyes in a chair for 5 min with hands resting on arm rest in a

peaceful room before commencement of HRV

biofeedback training. In the first session, the subject was asked to breathe at variable respiratory rates for about 2 min each.

METHODOLOGY(CONT.)
Protocol(cont.) Group B: Placebo Group Subjects were shown motivational basketball

video clips for 10 min daily for 10 days.

Group C: No Treatment Control Group This group did not receive any training.

METHODOLOGY(CONT.)
Statistical Analyses The data was statistically analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences

(SPSS)/16.0 and 1 month follow-up along with

inter-group comparison Two-way Repeated Measure ANOVA was used.

RESULTS

Psychological Measures
Variation in state anxiety measured over time (i.e. pre, post and follow up) was statistically significant in each group along with interaction of group and time (F = 66.503,p<0.001).

RESULTS(CONT.)
Physiological Measures Variation in Total HRV measured over time (i.e.

pre, post and follow up) was statistically

significant in each group along with interaction of group and time (F = 20.850, p<0.001).

RESULTS(CONT.)

Sport Performance Measures

Variation in dribbling measured over time (i.e. pre, post and follow up) was statistically significant in each group along with interaction of group and time (F = 20.444, p<0.001).

DISCUSSION
The results of the present study indicate that the BFB group exhibited considerable

reduction in state and trait anxiety post

training as compared to placebo and no treatment control groups, this mitigation in psychological stress effect persisted at 1 month follow up also.

DISCUSSION(CONT.)

The psychological states and processes can

cause dramatic impact on autonomic control of the heart. Psychological stressors such as anxiety are often associated with an increase in sympathetic cardiac control, decrease in

parasympathetic control, or both.

DISCUSSION(CONT.)
Findings of physiological measures in the present study fortifies that the cardiovascular

system has the property of resonance at a

frequency near 0.1 Hz (six breaths per minute) consistent with preliminary studies (Lagos et al. 2008; Lehrer et al.2003, 2006; Hassett et al. 2007).

CONCLUSION

Continued research is required in the emerging field of HRV BFB as it may be incorporated with physical training to become an integral part of performance and

rehabilitation psychology in contemporary

sports medicine.