GAS TURBINE AND AUXILIARIES

Simple Gas Turbine Plant

Simple Gas Turbine Plant

Purpose of Combustor ?

The primary purpose of

the combustor is to provide space for the chemical reaction of fuel and air.

Requirements of a Combustor
The combustor must ensure the

quick start up of the plant.

The combustion must take place at higher efficiency.

Pressure losses/drop should be as

low as possible.

Requirements of a Combustor
The hydraulic resistance must be as low as feasible. The geometry and arrangement of the combustor must provide for stability of

combustion over a wide range of air fuel

ratio, which varies from 40:1 to 200:1. Ignition must be reliable and accomplished with ease over a wide range of atmospheric conditions.

Requirements of a Combustor
High degree of mixing (Thorough mixing of air with fuel and as well as with combustion products) Carbon deposits should not be formed

under any conditions to enhance the life of

the combustion chamber. Combustion gases going to the turbine should be cooled adequately so as not to affect the blades.

Requirements of a Combustor
For longer service life, the combustor must be cooled properly especially in the hottest portions. The combustor must be simple in design,

safe in operation, and easy and inexpensive

in manufacture. Combustors of mobile and transportable gas-turbine plants must have a low- mass and small dimensions as for as possible.

Combustion Process
Primary Zone Secondary zone Tertiary Zone

Combustion Process

Downstream Type Combustion Chamber

Combustor Parts
Outer casing.

combustion liner.
Cross Fire tube Fuel injection systems

Initial ignition system

Combustor Parts
Ultra violet flame

detectors

Transition pieces

Secondary air holes

Auxiliary combustor
Main burner

Air Fuel

Tested burner

Combustion liner

Annular Gap Igniter Plug

The intense spark is obtained by

expending a small amount of electric

energy in a very short time.

Flame Detector UV

Ignitor plugs
Igniter plugs serve a purpose similar
to the spark plug in a reciprocating engine,

although operation of the ignition system

and the igniter plugs is necessary only for a

short period during the engine starting

cycle.

Major Differences
The elements of gas turbines are made up of special heat-resistant steels and alloys and various methods are employed to cool turbine blades and discs. The difference between the height of the first-and last-stage blades in gas turbines is substantially smaller than that in steam turbines.

 The worked-out heat drop in a steam turbine is 3-5 times less than that in a gas turbine.

The height of blades in the first stages of gas turbines is greater than in steam turbines of comparable capacity.

Disc type rotors

Rotors with Discs without central borings have a higher strength especially during the action of centrifugal forces.

Since the discs are manufactured from individual small-size forging, they can be machined independently

Disc type rotors

Root fastening slots in the discs can be made by the most advanced machining methods.

The high operating temperature effects, Centrifugal tensile stresses due to rotational speeds of the Order of 8000 to as high as 30,000 r.p.m. Bending stresses due to equivalent impulse load of the gases, which acts at a certain distance from the fixing of the cantilever blade. Hot erosive and corrosive effects due to the high temperature combustion products e.g. CO2 and CO with 02.

Material should possess maximum strength at high temperature. High creep strength. High resistance to corrosion. Endurance against fluctuating bending stresses. Maximum erosion resistance. Structural stability when exposed to varying temperatures.

. Castability or forgability. Weldability, if welding is used in the manufacture. Machinability. Absence of embrittlement in the service.

Advantages of Steam Cooling

It keeps the gas temperature higher than the air cooled gas turbine.

While cooling it picks up the heat which is used in the steam turbine.

It reduce the compressor discharge air thereby allowing more flow to combustor.

Open loop air cooled nozzle

Closed loop steam cooling

Directionally solidified

Equiaxed polycrystalline blades

 A modern turbine blade alloy is complex in that it contains up to ten significant alloying elements, but its microstructure is very simple.