Overview of other J2EE

technologies
Version 1.0
Introduction
•The three primary components of J2EE
application are:
– Servlet
– JSP
– EJB
•In addition to these, J2EE provides additional
technologies which helps in building J2EE
applications.
•This session is an overview of all these
technologies.

TCS Internal September 3, 2009

Technologies
•Java Messaging Service
•JavaMail
•JNDI
•JAAS

TCS Internal September 3, 2009

Java Messaging Service (JMS)
•JMS is a wrapper API that standardizes
messaging functionality of other service
providers such as IBM MQSeries, etc.
•JMS does not provide any services directly.
•It facilitates to access messaging facilities
provided by different messaging-service
provider.

TCS Internal September 3, 2009

Messaging
•Messaging is a means by which distributed
applications communicate with each other.
•A message is a self-contained package of
business data and routing headers.
•Message based applications communicate
asynchronously through a message server.
•Services that support message-based
applications are known as message-oriented
middleware.

TCS Internal September 3, 2009

JMS Features
•JMS supports clustered, high-availability
message servers.
•JMS supports transaction to ensure that
related messages are either delivered
together or not at all.
•JMS messages can be accessed/processed
by message driven beans.
•JMS, unlike RMI helps create loosely coupled
applications.

TCS Internal September 3, 2009

Message Structure
•Headers
– Fixed set of metadata fields
•Properties
– Set of key-value pairs used for application
specific purpose.
•Body
– The actual content to be sent.

TCS Internal September 3, 2009

Message Types
•ByteMessage
– A stream of bytes
•MapMessage
– A set of key-value paiars
•ObjectMessage
– Serialized object instance
•StreamMessage
– A stream of primitives
•TextMessage
– A String instance

TCS Internal September 3, 2009

Types of Messaging
•Point-to-point messaging
– Messages send through queues.
– Only one consumer can consume a
message.
•Publish-and-subscribe messaging
– Messages are sent through topics.
– Many subscribers can consume messages.

TCS Internal September 3, 2009

Message Components
•Destinations
– Place where the message is sent.
– Specific type of destinations are queues
(point-to-point systems) and topics
(publish-subscribe) systems.
– Destinations are configured by messaging
server.
– Destinations are not created by
application, but can be obtained by JNDI
lookup.
•Connections
– This represents the connection between
the application and messaging server over
TCS Internal

which messages can be sent.

September 3, 2009
Message Components (Contd.)
•Connection Factories
– Connections cannot be directly
instantiated.
– Connection factory creates connection
objects.
– Connection factory is found by JNDI
lookup.
•Sessions
– Messages are not directly sent and
received.
– Session serves as a factory which is used
by message, producers and consumers.
– Session provides transactional behavior
TCS Internal September 3, 2009
Message Components (Contd.)
•Producers
– Producers represent objects which
produce message.
•Consumers
– Consumers represent objects which
consumer message.

TCS Internal September 3, 2009

Java Mail
•JavaMail API is an abstract suite of classes
for handling message-based systems.
•JavaMail makes it easy to incorporate
complete e-mail connectivity within any Java
program, Servlet, bean, or applet.

TCS Internal September 3, 2009

Mail Protocols
•Protocols define the way mails are packages
and sent.
•The three popular mail transfer protocols
are:
– SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)
•Designed to deliver mails to server
– POP3 (Post Office Protocol Version 3)
•Popular mechanism to collect/read mails.
– Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP)
•Rich set of functionalities.

TCS Internal September 3, 2009

JavaMail Functions
•The major functions of JavaMail API are:
– Session Management
•Manages all aspects of communication
•Means for mail to interact with network
– Message Manipulation
•Used to create and manipulate mails.
– Mail Storage and Retrieval
•Used to store mails in hierarchical
structure.
– Transportation
•Takes care of delivery of mails.
TCS Internal September 3, 2009
JAAS
•JAAS stands for Java Authentication and
Authorization Services.
•JAAS is the security mechanism of
preventing unauthorized users into J2EE
application.

TCS Internal September 3, 2009

JASS Mechanisms
•Authentication services
– These services ensure that every user is
authorized to use system and its resources
– This essentially matches with the
underlying operating system’s access
mechanism.
•Authorization services
– These services associate a set of
permissions with each user.
– This helps in granting differing levels of
access to different users.
TCS Internal September 3, 2009
JAAS Security Realms
•JAAS Security Realm is a logical grouping of
users and services that make sense.
•It may be:
– Users using a particular machine
– Users working for a company / division /
workgroup.

TCS Internal September 3, 2009

JNDI
•Naming service essentially translates
human-friendly names to machine-friendly
names.
•Normally these are called directory services
associating names as well as assign some
additional attributes.
•Directory services are important in network
infrastructure, because they enable users
and applications to look up network
resources.
•JNDI provides a set of API that provide
directory and naming services to Java
applications. TCS Internal September 3, 2009
JNDI Packages
•Naming
– Used to access simple naming services.
•Directory
– Used to access directory services.
•Event
– Handles event notification
•LDAP
– Deals with LDAP controls and operations
•SPI
– Consists of Service Provider Interface (SPI)
classes and interfaces used by LDAP
TCS Internal September 3, 2009
Java Transaction API (JTA)
•All transactions with the database should be
atomic with ACID property.
•In normal applications local transaction
takes place which is easy to manage.
•In distributed applications, various
applications will be involved in transaction
and somebody should take care.
•JTA provides interface that can communicate
with JTS (Java Transaction Service).

TCS Internal September 3, 2009

Reference
•James Mc Govern, et. al., J2EE 1.4. Bible
•S Allamaraju, et. al., Professional Java Server
Programming, J2EE 1.3 Ed.

TCS Internal September 3, 2009