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WATER LOOP DISTRIBUTION
Basic Distribution –
delivered/received at same
temperature as stored
Cool/Reheat
Point-of-use heat exchangers
“Chase the tail”
BASIC DISTRIBUTION
COOL / REHEAT
POINT-OF-USE EXCHANGERS
“CHASE THE TAIL”
Line Sizing Calc Guide
Factors to consider include:
Economics (capital cost, energy)
Pressure frop
Velocity
Turbulence
Length of pipe run
Pipe run components
Noise
Space
Plant expansion
Pump/compressor capability
Pressure Drop/Velocity
Guidelines
Service velocity, pressure drop,
ft / sec PSI / 100 ft
Pump Suct., General Service, low visc. ----- 0.5 to 1.0
Pump Suct., Gen. Serv., near boiling pt. ----- 0.2 to 0.4
Pump Discharge, General Service ----- 1.0 to 3.0
WFI / USP Water, 1" to 1 1/2" 2 to 4 1 to 4
WFI / USP Water, 2" to 4" 3 to 7 1 to 3
CIP Solutions, 1/2" to 1 1/2" 2 to 5 1 to 4
CIP Solutions, 2" to 3" 3 to 7 1 to 3
Compressed Air / N2, 15 psig ----- 0.25 to 0.5
Compressed Air / N2, 50 psig ----- 0.5 to 1.0
Compressed Air / N2, 100 psig ----- 1.0 to 2.0
Saturated Steam, 15 psig ----- 0.5 to 1.0
Saturated Steam, 50 psig ----- 0.5 to 1.0
Saturated Steam, 100 psig ----- 1.0 to 2.0
Pressure Drop - Incompressible Turbulent Flow
s p r a y b a ll
lo s s
exchanger
lo s s u s e p o in ts
s u c tio n m e te r
s ta tic lo s s d is c h a r g e
head FI s ta tic h e a d
s u c tio n lin e lo s s
N O T E : c o n s id e r d iffe r e n t flo w s c e n a r io s fo r
p r e s s u r e d r o p c a lc (n o u s e , p e a k u s e , e tc .)
pum p w ear
lo s s
TYPICAL EQUIPMENT LOSSES
(for pump head calculations)
Fractionation Inactivation
A-4, A-5, A-12 A-1, A-2, A-3
C-1 C-2
Utility
From To Distance
Tank H-3 20 ft
H-3 H-1 / 2 80 ft
H-1 / 2 Tank 120 ft
TOTAL 220 ft
HOT WFI
CONSIDERATIONS
Maximum Demand - 20 GPM
Minimum Return Flow
Future Expansion
Storage Tank Sprayball flowrate (???)
2.5 - 3 GPM / ft of circumference
400 Gal Tk, 4 ft diameter -> 30 - 40 GPM
Economics
FDA Approval
Service: HWFI Engineer:
Line No.
INPUT
Flow (GPM) 20.00
Pipe Length (feet) 440
Specific Gravity 0.97
Viscosity (centipoise) 0.35
Roughness (ft) 0.00005
INPUT
Flow (GPM) 45.00
Pipe Length (feet) 440
Specific Gravity 0.97
Viscosity (centipoise) 0.35
Roughness (ft) 0.00005
INPUT
Flow (GPM) 65.00
Pipe Length (feet) 760
Specific Gravity 1.00
Viscosity (centipoise) 0.80
Roughness (ft) 0.00005
INPUT
Flow (GPM) 17.00
Pipe Length (feet) 760
Specific Gravity 1.00
Viscosity (centipoise) 0.80
Roughness (ft) 0.00005