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Is anxiety and fear the same thing? Come back as larger group and share ideas
This almost reflexive urge to escape or, alternatively, to stand and engage the threat (fight or flight) seems clearly a behavioral tendency that has been selectively favored in an evolutionary sense.
The Four Fs
In the face of a predator, it makes (primitive) sense; on the other hand, in the modern world, is this response useful? Is it a curse?
Is there modern survival value to anxiety? In the modern world, are there still primitive needs being met by this behavior?
Brains and bodies: Good listeners (alarms), but are poor judges about what is real, benign, imagined (accuracy sucks)
People can be happy People can be worried and anxious Anxiety (as a construct beyond automation/fear) appears to follow closely the capacity for intellectual thought/planning We can remember the past
Questions to accuracy abound --- fear attends to a portion of spectrum Anxiety and depression shade memories towards the negative and the catastrophic
Emotion is considered to be fundamentally a set of expressive behaviors, an integrated neurobiological response, and a cognitive perception or appraisal Emotions (innate patterns of reaction and responding) have functional significance
Modifiable by learning and maturation
Adaptive value is in preparation for action and communication The emotion of FEAR seems clearly to function to prepare the animal for immediate and decisive action (run/fight) Expression of FEAR communicates danger to others
S What did you feel during the presence of that S ? STATE 1 What did you feel driven to do? DO SOMETHING
Stay in the situation? Prolong the situation? Do nothing?
Ever been struck by the thought / line of thinking that suggests you want to vomit?
How did you discover this?
Future?
Perhaps you wont go out and drink hard the next day, or when/if it happens again you have a strategy for relief I avoid a certain Caf in the Grove! What is this a functional / protective behavior for? Serves adaptive, protective function Selection by consequence (Skinner!)
In the midway of this our mortal life, I found me in a gloomy wood, astray, Gone from the path direct. Dantes Inferno
In order to reason well, its absolutely necessary to possess such virtues as intellectual honesty and sincerity and a real love of truth
We must presume, on the part of those who follow any scientific vocation, a sort of tacit oath never to subordinate the motive of objective truth-seeking to any subjective preference or inclination or any expediency or opportunistic consideration
philisophizers, and the like, reveal a startling failure, or perhaps refusal, to grasp what intellectual integrity is, or why it is important. Why does truth-seeking matter?
Where patients might believe anxiety will go: Intolerably high 100 90
SUDs / Anxiety Ratings
T1
T2
Anxiety naturally begins to decline, without escape: Parasympathetic nervous system reduces activation in response to a lack feared outcomes occurring
50 First exposure exercise produces worst arousal Subsequent exposures become easier because of repeated habituation ~ 10
T3
Exposure can be discontinued after 50% reduction (e.g., 90 to 45), but lower is still preferable; 50% reduction = habituation
Escape leads to rapid decline in autonomic arousal and stress, but maintains future anxiety
Fig. 2.2. The normal, natural habituation curve, and maladaptive escape curve
Most people do (and should!) reason danger in the presence of immediate, real threat
Lions, tigers, bears, the mugger, the oncoming buss, etc.
People who do not experience chronic fear and anxiety, do not normally (typically) reason there is danger on occasion when their bodies are behaving in an aroused / activated fashion People who suffer with anxiety disorders, reason there is danger if they feel anxious
If it feels like a cow (4 legs), then there must be a cow (confirmatory bias) If it feels bad, it is bad (it becomes reified)
People are by design hedonistic; therefore, operate on principles of maximize what feels good and minimize what feels bad
Actively trying to reduce chances of bad happening Reason extreme experiences more average, and if it occurred again it would be intolerable
Soooooo, how do we treat ANXIETY???? Like fear of heights, snakes, and the dark?????