Government

and
Planning
 Conceptual framework
• Why Planning?
• Significance of Planning
• What is Planning
• Types of Planning
 Conceptual Framework of
Planning
i.) Why Planning
The spectacular success of the Soviet Five year Plan
launched after 1928 prompted all underdeveloped
countries of the world to adopt the model of
economic planning to eradicate the serious problems
of poverty, inequality and unemployment which they
were facing because the main objective of Planning
is to achieve rapid economic development through
proper use of a country’s natural and manpower
resources. Indeed Economic Planning had become
the foundation stone of economic policy makers al
over the world especially during the period 1940 to
1990.
(ii) Significance of Planning
Planning has many fold significance
especially for an underdeveloped
economy. Since resources whether
natural material or capital are severely
limited, Planning provide choice for
securing the optimum combination of
inputs. It helps to identify their deficiencies
in the economy and social structure which
requires special attention from the point of
view of economic growth.
A plan for mobilising resources and savings is a
necessary counterpart of the scheme of
investment. By facing various critical problems in
development and attempting to give them a
quantitative dimension, planning is calculated to
lead to a higher degree of capital formation than
might be otherwise attainable. Planning also
paves the way for the acceptance of large
institutional changes (by drawing attention to
social prerequisites of growth).
 What is planning?

• Economic Planning according to H.D. Dickinson “ is the

making of major economic decisions, what and how
much to be produced and whom it is to be allocated by
the conscious decision of the determinate authority on
the basis of a comprehensive survey of the economic
system as a whole.” The basic aim of planning is
supposed to be improvement of living conditions or
standard of living of people.
• How this is done depends upon the economic
circumstances of the country, its stage of political
development, its social structure and its method of
Government.
 Types of Planning

There are different types of Planning. It

may be a totalitarian planning under which
all individual decisions and preferences
are subordinated to the demands of the
state as is the case of Soviet Planning.
For this purpose it uses various methods
of compulsion upon the individual which
deprives him of the freedom of choice.
Five year plan of the USSR controlled the
use of virtually all resources for,
• investment on the one hand and
consumption on the other
• for public as against private enterprises
• for production of necessities as against
luxuries
• for domestic as against foreign use
• for peace or for war
• In this type of economy all the economic
decisions get concentrated in a single
centralised authority.
At the other extreme is the United States which
has a plan foe achieving and maintaining high
level of employment with minimum Government
interference. It is democratic in nature. It is more
of an indicative type of planning in mixed
economy. Under democratic planning
Government conducts its economic planning in a
manner which preserves the maximum possible
freedom of choice to the individual citizen except
in extreme emergency, like war.
In between were various kinds of planned
and semi-planned economies such as
Czechoslovakia, Poland, Norway, The
Netherlands, France etc. India is a mixed
democratic economy where the ownership
of means of production gets distributed
between the state and the private
enterprisers. The state has to adopt a
proper method of direct and indirect
control.
Salient Features of Five Year Plans

• M. Visviswaraya(1934)
• Conference of Provincial Ministers under the
Chairmanship of Congress President S.C.
Bose (1938)
• National Planning Committee under Pandit
J.L.Nehru
• People’s Plan (1944) – M.N.Roy
• Bombay Plan (1944)
• Gandhian Plan
 Evolution Process
Before we discuss Five year plans in India, a
discussion on genesis of planning in India will be
appreciate.

The importance of Planning for carrying out the

task of economic transformation was first
emphasized by Shri M. Visviswaraya in 1934
when a published a book “Planned Economy for
India” with the objective of doubling the national
economy.
In 1938 at a conference of Provincial Minister of Industry
held under the Chairmanship of the Congress President
Shri Subhas Chandra Bose, a resolution was passed
which stated that industrialization was essential for
meeting problems of poverty, unemployment, national
defence, economic regeneration and a Comprehensive
Scheme of National Planning had to be formulated as a
slip towards such industrialization. The Conference also
commented that a Commission named national Planning
Commission should be set up for this purpose and
should consist of representatives of the government of
provinces and states in the country, FICCI and All India
Village industries Association. The Conference also
appointed a National Planning Committee under the
Chairmanship of Pundit Nehru with Shri K.T. Shaw
Contd..
 as General Secretary with a view to doing
preliminary work regarding the preparation of a
national plan. Although the outbreak of the
Second World War and imprisonment of Pundit
Nehru thwarted the performance, reports of the
sub- committee produced in 1939 and 40 and
during 1945 and 1946 helped in crystallizing
views on national planning. The setting up of the
National Planning Committee nine years before
independence, highlighted both the importance
of social and economic objectives as also the
need to profit from the experience of planned
development through National Plans in Russia.
Contd..
Another significant development was the
publication by eight prominent
industrialists of “A brief memorandum, in
two parts, outlining a plan of Economic
Development of India”, popularly known as
Bombay Plan and release of People’s
Plan by Mr. M.N.Roy and drafted by the
Post War Reconstructions Committee of
India Federation of Labour. Both these
publications were released in 1944.
Contd..
The objective of the Bombay Plan was to
put forward as a basis of discussion a
statement in as concrete a form as
possible of the objectives to be kept in
mind in economic planning in India, the
general lines on which development
should proceed and the demand that
planning is likely to make on the country’s
resources. “The aim of the People’s Plan
was to provide for the satisfaction of
immediate basis needs of the Indian
Contd..
people within a period of 10 years in respect to food,
clothing, shelter, health and education. The problem of
poverty being the fundamental weakness it prescribed
increased production in every sphere of economic
activity.” Although, the surplus production instead of
being diverted into a few private pockets must be
controlled and made available for reinvestment so as to
bring increase in gainful employment and standard of
living. The plan regards agricultural reform to be the
fundamental of planned economy for India for increasing
purchasing power of the masses (by making agriculture
a paying proposition) and that nationalization of land
should be the first step in agrarian reform. Industrial
profit was to be fixed normally at no mere than 3%.
Professor A.K.Das Gupta analyses the significance of
these two documents in the preparation of the First Five
Year Plan in the following terms:

“ Structurally the First Five year Plan may be said to be

an offspring of Bombay Plan. The formulation of a
growth target, the application of the concept of
investment by ‘created money’ which is another name for
deficit financing all these are apparently derived from the
Bombay Plan. If however the structure is based on the
Bombay Plan, its inspiration is derived from ‘national
Planning Committee’ and its contents from the official
reconstruction programmes. The later emphasis on
socialism may perhaps be traced to the framework of
‘People’s Plan’.
A reference to Gandhi Plan or model of growth would be
worthwhile. Mahatma Gandhi advocated certain politics
with regard to the development of Indian agriculture,
industries etc. Acharya S.N.Aggarwal brought out the
Gandhian Plan in 1944 and reaffirmed it in 1948. These
publications form the basis of Gandhian Planning or
Gandhian model of growth.

The basic objective of the Gandhian model is to raid the

natural as well as the cultural levels of the Indian masses
so as to provide a basic standard life. It aims primarily at
improving the economic condition of 5.5 lakh villages of
India and therefore it lays the greatest emphasis on the
scientific development of agriculture and of the cottage
industries
1944 also saw the setting up by the then
Government of India of a Department of
Planning and Development as a reaction to the
interest demonstrated by various groups. The
Department had stimulated the preparation of
post war reconstruction plans by Department of
Central Government as well as by provinces and
large princely states. The plans at that stage
were essentially collections of schemes and
projects which were considered worthwhile, and
many of them were not worked out well in detail.
However, a number of projects executed during
the first plan could be traced to intensive activity
undertaken during the period.
 The interim Government appointed an Advisory Planning
Board in October 1046 with Shri K.C. Neogy as Chairman
to review the work that had already been done in the field
of planning and to make recommendations for the future
machinery of planning. The Board submitted its report in
December 1946. It recommended:

• The appointment of a single, compact authoritative

organization for the purpose of planning namely National
Planning Commission.

• The proposed Planning Commission should be advisory in

character, the final decision resting with the Government,
only in the allocation of the scarce material resources was
the Commission’s decision to be final and subject only to
an appeal to the Government.

• The Commission would be non-political body whose

member would not fluctuate with changes in political
fortunes.
• The Board also suggested that in many matters it
would be necessary for the proposed Commission to
call in other persons for advice and consultation and to
set up Committees of experts to assist it.
• A consultation body should be set up consisting of
members of the Planning Commission representatives
of provinces and states, representatives of agriculture,
industry, commerce, labour, science and other
interests. The Commission would lay progress report
before this body and the matters requiring cooperation
action by voluntary agreement could also be discussed
by this body, apart from initiating discussions on any
subjects and to make specific recommendations for
consideration by the Planning Commission.
• The Commission strongly recommended the creation
of the Central Statistical Office.
However the setting of a Planning Commission
was delayed by three years and it was only after
the passing of a resolution in January 1950 by the
Congress Working Committee recommending to
the Government of India the setting up of a
statutory Planning Commission that the
Government’s intentions to establish a Planning
Commission was announced in President’s
address to Parliament at the end of January 1950.
The President mentioned that Planning
Commission was to be established “ so that the
best use can be made of such resources as we
posses for the development of the nation.
The importance of the statistical
information for planning was recognized
and it was therefore simultaneously
announced that the Government proposed
to establish a Central Statistical
Organization. The actual announcement
of the composition of the Committee was
made by the Central Finance Minister in
his budget speech on 28th February 1950.
And the Planning Commission was
established by the resolution of the
Government of India dated 15th March
1950.
 Government as Planner
• Planning for future economic development
means regulatory, promotional, consumer
and entrepreneurial action.
 Government as Planner
• Despite the declining role of centralized
planning and with the advent of indicative
planning, role of planning will remain
important because:
– States undiminished role in macroeconomic
management
– Development of infrastructure
– Laying down the rules of the game for the
private sector
– Ameliorating the living conditions of the poor.
 Planning Commission
• Planning commission is a constitutional body
constituted generally on a five yearly basis.
• The planning commission first set up in 1950.
• The task was to make an assessment of the
material capital and most effective and balanced
utilization of these resources.
• To indicate the factors which were tending to
retard economic development.
 Planning Commission
• Five Year Plans
– First five year plan (1951-1956)
– Second five year plan (1956-1961),
– Third five year plan (1961-1966)
– Annual plans (1967,1968)
– Fourth five year plan (1969-1974)
– Fifth five year plan (1974-1979), non starter
– Socialist planning with predominance of the
public sector under the framework of a mixed
economy with emphasis on development of
heavy and capital goods Industry
 Planning Commission
• Five Year Plans
– Sixth five year plan (1980-1985)
– Seventh five year plan (1985-1990)
– Dominance of public sector still persists, but
emphasis on maximizing return on investment
(ROI) and fuller utilization on capacity and rural
development and development of indigenous
sources of energy
– Financing of the plan and mobilization of
resources proved an uphill task
 Planning Commission
• Five Year Plans
– Eight five year plan (1992-1997)
– Ninth five year plan (1997-2002)
– Tenth five year plan (2002-2007)
– A bold step towards deregulation, privatization
and liberalization.
 Five Year Plans
First Five Year Plan 1951- 56
Second Five Year Plan 1956-61
Third Five Year Plan 1961-66
Three Annual Plans 1966-69
Fourth Five Year Plan 1969-74
The Ephemeral Fifth Five Year
1974-79
Plan
Sixth Five Year Plan 1980-85
Seventh Five Year Plan 1985-90
Two more Annual Plans 1991-92
Eighth Five Year Plan 1992-97
Ninth Five Year Plan 1997- 2002
Tenth Five Year Plan 2002- 2007
Eleventh Five Year Plan 2007- 2012
 Five Year Plans
– First five year plan (1951-1956)
– Second five year plan (1956-1961)
– Third five year plan (1961-1966)
– Annual plans (1967,1968)
– Fourth five year plan (1969-1974)
– Fifth five year plan (1974-1979), non
starter
– Socialist planning with predominance of
the public sector under the framework of a
mixed economy with emphasis on
development of heavy and capital goods
Industry
 Five Year Plans

- Sixth five year plan (1980-1985)

– Seventh five year plan (1985-1990)
– Dominance of public sector still persists,
but emphasis on maximizing return on
investment (ROI) and fuller utilization on
capacity and rural development and
development of indigenous sources of
energy
– Financing of the plan and mobilization of
resources proved an uphill task
 Five Year Plans

- Eight five year plan (1992-1997)

– Ninth five year plan (1997-2002)
– Tenth five year plan (2002-2007)
– A bold step towards deregulation,
privatization and liberalization.
– Eleventh Five Year Plan(2007-2012)
Tenth Five Year Plan 2002-2007
The Tenth Five Year Plan is divided into three
parts
Volume I – Dimensions and strategies
Volume II – Sectoral Policies & Programmes
Volume III – State Plans, Trends, Concerns,
Strategies
In the foreword to the Tenth Plan Document the
Prime Minister has spoken of a vision. To quote
from the Prime Minister’s word:
“I have a vision of an India free of poverty,
illiteracy and homelessness – free of
regional, social and gender disparities-
with modern physical and social
Infrastructure – and a healthy and
sustainable environment. Above all an
India which stands tall and proud in the
comity of nations, confidence in her
capability to face all possible challenges.
In short, I dream of an India which is
counted among the ranks of developed
nations before the end second decade of
this century.”
In amplifying his vision the Prime Minister has said:
A. Every Indian will be provided with the
opportunity to realize his or her full creative
potential. The economy will generate one
crore work opportunities each year for the
next ten years so that their talents and
potentials are utilized for the benefit of the
nation.
B. Every conceivable way must be explored to
accelerate the rate of growth of our economy.
Doubling the per capita income of the country
in the next ten years should be realized.

The changing role of the Government and its

relationship with the private sector forms the
cornerstone of the plan. There are four dimension of
this transformation.
First, to bring about drastic improvement in the
functioning of our administrative judicial and
internal security systems in order to foster a
dynamic and vibrant market economy with
emphasis on good governance and
implementation.
Second, removal of barriers to inter-state and
intra-state trade and commerce.
Third, removal of controls and restrictions on
entrepreneurial initiatives so as to create an
environment which welcomes entrepreneurship
with open arms.
Finally, effective delivery of basic social services
to the people by transferring to Panchayati Raj
Institutions (PRI) both functions and resources
so that PRIS become the cutting edge of our
three ties Political Structure and the focal point
of decentralization.
• The Plan document has stipulated the objectives taken into
consideration the vision of the Prime Minister. The following
are the main objectives: -
• 8% growth target for the Tenth Plan Period.
• Reduction of poverty ratio by 5 percentage points by 2007
and by 15 percentage points by 2012.
• Providing gainful and high quality employment at least to
addition to the labour force over the Tenth Plan period.
• All children in school by 2003, all children to complete 5
years of schooling by 2007.
• Reduction in gender gaps in literacy and wage rates by 50
percent by 2007.
• Reduction in decadal rate of population growth between 2001
and 2011 to 16.2%.
• Increase in literacy rate to 75% within the Plan period.
• Reduction in infant mortality rate (IMR) to 45 per 1000 live
births by 2007 and 28 by 2012.
• Reduction of Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) to 2 per 1000 live
births by 2007 and to 1 by 2012.
• Increase in forest and tree cover to 25 percent by 207 and 33
percent by 2012.
• All villages to have sustained access to potable drinking
water within the Plan period.
• Cleaning of all major polluted rivers by 2007 and other
notified stretches by 2012.
The emphasis is clearly on improvement of
Human Development Index a point which is
being emphasized by World Development report
and the renowned economist Dr. Amartya Sen.

There has been a major transformation in

development strategy. Industrial growth in future
will depend largely upon the private sector’s
performance. Position of the public sector will
decline relatively as Government Ownership in
many existing public sector organizations
decline substantially. Government will play the
role of a facilitator. Government will play a far
greater role in the social sectors where its role
will clearly have to expand e.g. infrastructure,
particularly rural infrastructure.
A special feature of the Tenth Plan is the
presentation of the state wise target in the
National Plan which will serve as a
catalyst to reinvigorate planning at the
state level. This has been done in order to
emphasis the importance of ensuing a
balanced development for all States and
thus the Tenth Plan includes targets for
growth rates and social development
which are consistent with national targets.
This has been outlined in Volume III of the
Plan Document.
• The following are the relevant sections in Volume II
relating to Sectoral Policiwes and Programmes:

Pages
Youth & Sports -- 73-79

Health -- 81- 152

Energy -- 759- 800

Tourism -- 817- 828

Power -- 897- 929
Transport -- 931- 1008
Forest & Environment -- 1055- 1077
 Tenth Five Year Plan
Vision
…An India free of poverty,illiteracy and
homelessness-free of regional ,social and
gender disparities-with modern physical and
social infrastructures-and a healthy and
sustainable environment
...An India which stands tall and proud in the
comity of nations,confident in her capability to
face all possible challenges
…An India which is counted among the ranks of
developed nations before the end of 2020
 Tenth Five Year Plan (contd)
Vision (contd)
• Every Indian to be provided opportunity to realize
his/her full creative potential
• The economy will generate 1 crore work opportunities
each year for the next ten years to utilise their talents
and potentials for the benefit of the Nation
• To explore every conceivable way to accelerate the
rate of growth of the economy.Doubling per capita
income in the next ten years should be realised
 Tenth Five Year Plan (contd)
Thrust
Changing role of the government and its
relationship with the private sector is the
cornerstone Four dimensions of this
transformation:
-bringing about dramatic improvement in
the functioning of administrative, judicial &
internal security systems in order to foster a
dynamic & vibrant market economy with
emphasis on good governance &
implementation
-removal of barriers to inter-state and
intra- state trade and commerce
Tenth Five Year Plan (contd)

Thrust(contd)
-removal of controls and restrictions on
entrepreneurial initiative so as to welcome an
environment which welcomes
entrepreneurship with open arms
-effective delivery of basic social services
to the people by transferring to Panchayat Raj
Institutions(PRI) both functions and resources
with PRI’s becoming the cutting edge of out
three tier political structure and the focal point
of decentralisation
 Tenth Five Year Plan (contd)
Objectives
2. 8% growth target for Tenth Plan period
3. Reduction of poverty ratio by 5 percentage points by
2007 15 percentage points by 2012
4. Providing gainful and high quality employment at
least to the addition to the labour force over the
Tenth Plan period
5. All children in school by 2003, all children to
complete 5years of schooling by 2007
6. Reduction of gender gap in literacy and wage rates
by 50 % by 2007
7. Reduction of decadal rate of population growth
between 2001 and 2011 to 6.2%
 Tenth Five Year Plan (contd)
Objectives (contd)
7. Increase in literacy rate to 75% within the plan period
8. Reduction of Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) to 2 per
1000 live births by 2007 and to 1 by 2012
9. Increase in forest and tree cover to 25% by 2007 and
33%
by 2012
10.All villages to have sustained access to potable
drinking
water within the plan period
11.Reduction of Infant Mortality Rate(IMR) to 45 per
1000
live births by 2007 and 28 by 2012
12.Cleaning of all major polluted rivers by 2007 and
other
notified stretches by 2012
 Tenth Five Year Plan (contd)

Key Observations
• The emphasis is clearly on improvement on Human
Development Index, a point emphasized by World
Development Report and renowned economist Dr.
Amartya Sen
• Major transformation in development strategy:
Industrial growth in future will depend largely upon
the private sector’s performance.
• Position of the Public sector will decline relatively as
Government ownership in many existing public sector
organisations decline
 Tenth Five Year Plan (contd)
Key Observations (contd)
• Government will play the role of a facilitator.
• Government will play a far greater role in social sectors
where its role has to clearly expand e.g. infrastructure
particularly rural infrastructure including soft
infrastructures
• Presentation for the first time state wise targets in the
National Plan which will serve as a catalyst to
reinvigorate planning at the state level
• Thus emphasising and ensuring balanced development
for all states
 Eleventh Five Year Plan
Vision
Broad Vision
To build on our strengths to trigger a development process
which ensures broad-based improvement in the quality of life
of the people, especially the poor, SCs/STs, other backward
castes (OBCs), minorities and women.
The target of 9% GDP growth for the country as a whole is to
be achieved in which the economy is much more integrated
into the global economy.
Achieving 9% growth rate will mean per capita GDP will grow
at 7.6% per year to double in less than 10 years.
Vision continued…

The vision is not just FASTER Growth but also INCLUSIVE Growth :
A growth process which yields broad-based benefits and ensures
equality of opportunity for all.

Interrelated components
• Rapid growth that reduces poverty and creates employment
opportunities
• Access to essential services in health and education especially for
the poor
• Equality of opportunity
• Empowerment through education and skill development.
• Employment opportunities underpinned by the National Rural
Employment Guarantee
• Environmental sustainability
• Recognition of women agencies
• Good Governance.
Thrust
2. A continuation of the policies of economic reform which have
created a buoyant and competitive private sector capable ob
benefiting from the opportunities provided by greater integration
with the world
3. A revival in agriculture growth which is the most important single
factor affecting rural prosperity
4. Improved access to essential services in health and education
(including skill development) especially for the poor, which is
essential to ensure inclusiveness and also to support rapid growth
5. A special thrust on infrastructure development which is a critical
area for accelerating growth
6. Environmental sustainability which is becoming increasingly
important
7. Special attention to the needs of disadvantaged groups
8. Good governance at all levels, Central, State and local
9. Private sector key driver of growth
9. Ensuring Policy environment that is supportive of this vibrant and
globalised private sector.

New priorities for the public sector relate to reviving dynamism in

agriculture and building the necessary supportive infrastructure in
rural areas, expanding access to health and education, especially in
rural areas, undertaking programmes for improving living conditions
for the weaker sections and for improving their access to economic
opportunity. It also includes a major thrust for infrastructure
development in general, which is a critical constraint on our
development.

5. Government to provide a stable macroeconomic policy and a very

large role for public policy in a number of sectors outlined above.

7. Special focus on education through PPP model. Prime Minister has

termed 11 five year plan as a National Education Plan.
Panchayati Raj Institutions and
Delivery Mechanism
The Eleventh Plan seeks to substantially empower and use
PRIs as the primary means of delivery of the essential
services that are critical to inclusive growth. The 73rd and 74th
amendments to the Constitution have led to the
establishment of about 2.5 lakh elected institutions of local
self-government.(about 2.38 lakh in rural areas and the rests
in urban areas). As against about 540 directly elected
Members of Parliament and about 4500 directly elected
members of our state assemblies, we have about 3.2 million
elected representatives in the PRIs of which as many as 1.2
million are women. There are more elected women in India
alone than in the rest of the world put together.
contd..
It is absolutely critical for the inclusiveness of our growth
process that these large numbers of elected representatives
in our PRIs are fully involved in planning, implementing and
supervising the delivery of the essential public services.

The Eleventh Plan recognizes that there is a need to build in

incentives that will encourage the States to develop functions,
funds and functionaries to the PRIs. In order to capture the
extent to which this process and empowerment of PRIs has
actually progressed in each State, a suitable Devolution Index
will be developed and will be called PRI-Empowerment Index.
 Objectives: Monitorable Targets
• Inclusive growth strategy with 9% GDP growth
• Not an end in itself only a means to an end
• Therefore adopting monitorable targets which would reflect
multidimensional economic and social objectives of inclusive
growth to ensure efficient and timely implementation, these
targets have been disaggregated at the level of the states
which implement many of the programmes
• Thus 27 monitorable targets have been identified at the
National level at which 13 have been disaggregated at the
level of individual states laying great stress on attaining it
 27 National Targets
Fall in 6 major categories namely

4. Income and Poverty

6. Education

8. Health

10. Women and Children

12. Infrastructure

6. Environment
 Income and Poverty

• Average GDP growth rate of 9% per year in the Eleventh Plan

period

• Agricultural GDP growth rate at 4% per year on the average

• Generation of 58 million new work opportunities

• Reduction of unemployment among the educated to less than

5%

• 20% rise in the real wage rate of unskilled workers

• Reduction in the head-count ratio of consumption poverty by

10 percentage-point.
 Education

• Reduction in the dropouts rates of children at the elementary

level from 52.2% in 2003-2004 to 20% by 2011-2012.

• Developing minimum standards of educational attainment in

elementary schools, to ensure quality education.

• Increasing the literacy rate for persons of age 7 years or more

to 85% by 2011-12

• Reducing the gender gap in literacy to 10 percentage points

by 2011-12

• 20% rise in the real wage rate of unskilled workers

• Increasing the percentage of each cohort going to higher

education from the present 10% to 15% by 2011-12.
 Health

• Infant mortality rate (IMR) to be reduced to 28 and mortality

ratio(MMR) to 1 per 1000 live births by the end of the
Eleventh Plan.

• Total Fertility Rate to be reduced to 2.1 by the end of the

Eleventh Plan

• Clean drinking water to be available for all by 2009, ensuring

that there are no slip-backs by the end of the Eleventh Plan.

• Malnutrition among children of age group 0-3 to be reduced

to half its present level by the end of the Eleventh Plan.

• Anemia among women and girls to be reduced to half its

present level by the end of the Eleventh Plan.
.
 Women and Children

• Sex ratio for age group 0-6 to be raised to 935 by 2011-12

and to 950 by 2016-17

• Ensuring that at least 33% of the direct and indirect

beneficiaries of all government schemes are women and girl
children

• Ensuring that all children enjoy a safe childhood, without any

compulsion to work.
 Infrastructure

• To ensure electricity connection to all villages and BPL

households by 2009 and reliable power by the end of the Plan

• To ensure all-weather road connection to all habitations with

population 1000 and above(500 and above in hilly and tribal
areas) by 2009, and al significant habitations by 2015

• To connect every village by telephone and provide broadband

connectivity to all villages by 2012

• To provide homestead sites to all by 2012 and step up the

pace of house construction for rural poor to cover all the poor
by 2016-17.
 Environment

• To increase forest and tree cover by 5 percentage points.

• To attain Who standards of air quality in all major cities by

2011-12

• To treat all urban waste water by 2011-12 to clean river

waters

• To increase energy efficiency by 20% by 2016-17.

The 13 State-Specific Targets

The Eleventh Plan has been formulated in a manner whereby

13 of the 27 monitorable national targets have been
disaggregated into appropriate targets for individual States.
These are :

1. GDP growth rate

2. Agricultural growth rate
3. New work opportunities
4. Poverty ratio
5. Drop out rate in elementary schools
6. Literacy rate
7. Gender gap in literacy rate
8. Infant mortality rae(IMR)
9. Maternal mortality ratio (MMR)
10. Total Fertility Rate(TFR)
11. Child malnutrition
12. Anemia among women and girls
13. Sex-ratio
Size of the Eleventh Plan

The total public sector outlay in the Eleventh Plan (both

Centre and states and including their PSEs) is estimated at
Rs 3644718 crore. Of tis total, the share of the Centre
(including the plans of PSEs) will amount to Rs 2156571
crore, while that of the states and union territories (UTs) will
be Rs 1488147 crore.
Key Observations
2. Average Investment rate to rise from 37% in Tenth Plan
to 39 % in Eleventh Plan
2. The bulk of increased investment accounting for 78% of
the total from private investment and 22% from the public
investment
The rate of investment will be supported by buoyant of
domestic saving rate of 38.4%.
3. Agriculture and Rural Development:
- Growth target of4% per annum in agricultural GDP
- The new National Food Security Mission, aims at
increasing cereal and pulses production by 20 million
tonnes by concentrating on those areas which have the
greatest potential for increase in yields with given
technology.
Key Features ( contd….)

4. Education and Skill :

-The Eleventh Plan will build on ongoing efforts to
strengthen elementary education.
- Higher education will be key driver in globalized and
knowledge driven world therefore increase the
enrollment rate in higher education from about 11% in
present to 21% over a 10 annum period.
- Skill capabilities prerequisite for labour intensive
growth process. Setting up a National skill
development mission to expand and restructure the
public sector skill development efforts and also to
support private skill development initiatives.
Key Features ( contd….)
5. Health and Nutrition
- The National Rural Health Mission for providing broad base
improvement in health care for the rural population period.
- The Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana for providing population
below the poverty line for health insurance

6. Infrastructure Development
- Total investment in electric power, roads, railways, ports,
airports, telecommunications, irrigation, drinking water, sanitation,
storage, and warehousing was around 5% of tge GDP in 2006-07
and the Plan aims at increasing this to about 9% of GDP by the
terminal annum 2011-12.
Fullest possible use to be made of opportunities to attract private
sector investment is wherever feasible
PPP MODEL
Key Features ( contd….)
7. Urban Infrastructure
- Urbabisation is a natural outcome of the process of
development. Urban infrastructure through Jawaharlal Nehru
National Urban Renewable Mission (JNNURM)

8. Energy
- Integrated Energy Policy for moving to a rational energy policy to
meet the threat of climate change

9. Role of Government
- Mobilising resources through deepening of tax reforms and
reduction of subsidies
- Public sector will increasingly concentrate in areas that lie in
the domain of the state governments, and within the states in the
domain of Panchayati Raj Institutions.
 Way Forward….
Prime Minister’s observations
“The higher rate of growth that we have set out for
ourselves, coupled with our thrust on the growth process
being inclusive, should ensure that the struggle for the
removal of chronic poverty, ignorance and disease will
register major gains in the Eleventh Plan . I am confident
that the Eleventh Plan will achieve its targets and
objectives despite the challenges we face. This would be
a major step in realizing our vision of a prosperous,
inclusive , happy, and caring India where all citizens reap
the benefits of economic development and feel
empowered”.