Diagnostic and Laboratory Test References

Creatine Kinase (CK, Creatine Phosphokinase (CPK)

Type of Test : Blood
Normal findings:

Adult Elderly Male: 55-170 units/L Female: 30-135 units/L CPK is found predominantly in the heart muscle, skeletal muscle, and brain. Serum CPK levels are elevated whenever injury occurs to these muscles or nerve cells. CPK levels can rise within 6 hours after damage. The CPK-MB isoenzyme part appears to be specific for myocardial cells. CPK-MB levels rise 3 to 6 hours after infarction occur.

Lactate Dehydrogenase (Lactic Dehydrogenase (LDH)

Type of Test: Blood
Normal Findings: Adult Elderly: 100-190 units/L LDH is found in the cells of many body tissues,

especially the heart, liver, red blood cells, k1dneys, skeletal muscle, brain and lungs. With myocardial injury, the serum LDH level rises within 24 to 48 hours after a myocardial infarction, peaks in 2 to 3 days and returns to normal in approximately 5 to 10 days.

Troponins (Cardiac Specific Troponin T cTnT. Cardiac Specific Troponin I cTnI)

Type of Test: Blood
Normal findings: Cardiac Troponin T:<0.2mg/ml

Cardiac Troponin I: <0.03 mg/ml

Cardiac troponins become elevated as early as 3 hours

after myocardial injury. Levels of cTnI may remain elevated fro 7 to 10 days after myocardial infarction, and cTnT levels may remain elevated fro 10 to 14 days.

Cholesterol
Type of Test: Blood Normal findings: Adult/Elderly: <200 mg/dl or <5.20 mmol/L Cholesterol is the main lipid associated with

arteriosclerotic vascular disease. Most of the cholesterol we eat comes from foods of animal origin. The liver metabolizes the cholesterol to its free form and cholesterol is transported in the bloodstream by lipoproteins. Nearly 75% of the cholesterol is bound to low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and 25% is bound to high density lipoproteins (HDL). It is the LDL that are most directly associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease.

Lipoproteins (High-density lipoproteins, HDL; Low-density lipoproteins, LDL)

Type of Test: Blood Normal Findings: HDL Male >45 mg/dl or 0.75 mmol/L Female >55 mg/dl or 0.91 mmol/L LDL :60-180 mg/dl or <3.37 mmol/L
disease. HDL (good cholesterol) are carriers of cholesterol. They are produced in the liver and, to a smaller degree, in the intestines. The purpose of HDL is believe to be removal of the cholesterol from the peripheral tissues and transportation to the liver for excretion.

Lipoproteins are considered to be an accurate predictor of heart

Triglycerides (TGs)

Type of Test: Blood Normal Findings: Adult/Elderly Male: 40-160 mg/dl or 0.45-1.81 mmol/L Female: 35-135 mg/dl or 0.40-1.52 mmol/L

TGs are a form of fat that exists within the bloodstream.

They are transported by very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) and low density lipoproteins (LDL). When TG levels in the blood are in excess. TGs are deposited in the fatty tissues.